Q2

POLYNOMIAL FUNCTIONS
n n−1 n−2
 POLYNOMIAL FUNCTION - is a function of the form f(x)=a n x +a n−1 x + a n−2 x +…+
a 1x+a 0, n≠0 and the exponents are all whole numbers.
Where:
o a n is the leading coefficient
o a 0 is the constant
n
o a n x is the leading term
o n❑ is the degree of a polynomial
 A polynomial function is in standard form if it is written in descending order of exponents.
o The degree of a polynomial in one variable is the highest exponent of its variable.
o A leading coefficient is the coefficient of the term with the highest degree
o Polynomial function can be represented by a polynomial equation.
o Linear function is a polynomial function whose degree is 1.
o Quadratic function is a polynomial function whose degree is 2.
o Cubic function is a polynomial function whose degree is 3.
o Quartic function is a polynomial function whose degree is 4.
o Quintic function is a polynomial function whose degree is 5.
o Any polynomial functions with degree higher than 5 are still called polynomial
functions.
 Summary of common types of polynomial functions:

 x – intercepts of a graph are the x – values when y = 0 while y – intercepts of a graph

CIRCLES
 A circle is a shape consisting of all points equidistant from a fixed point called
the center. A circle is named by a letter that represents the center.
 Relationships among central angles, intercepted arcs and inscribed angle:\
 CONGRUENT CIRCLES – circles with congruent radii
 CONGRUENT ARCS – arcs of the same circle or of congruent circles with equal
measures
 THEOREMS:
o In a circle or in congruent circle, two minor arcs are congruent if and only if
their corresponding central angles are congruent
o In a circle or in congruent circles, two minor arcs are congruent if and only
if their corresponding chords are congruent.
o If an angle is inscribed in a circle, then the measure of the angle equals
one-half the measure of its intercepted arc (for the measure of the
intercepted arc is twice the measure of the inscribed angle).
o If two inscribed angles of a circle (or congruent circles) intercept congruent
arcs or the same arc, then the angles are congruent.
 TANGENT - is a line that intersects a circle at exactly one point and the point of
intersection is known as the point of tangency. In the given figure, line t (t) is the
tangent and point B is the point of tangency.
 SECANT is a line that intersects a circle at exactly two points. A secant contains
a chord of a circle. In the given figure, line m (m)or line AC (AC) is the secant
line.
 SECTOR of a circle is the region bounded by an arc of a circle and the two radii
to the endpoints of the arc. The green shaded region is named as sector BAC.
 SEGMENT of a circle is the region bounded by the intercepted arc of the circle
and a chord. The yellow region represents the segment of the circle.
 Intercepted Arc – the arc that lies in the interior of an inscribed angle and has
endpoints on the angle
 External Secant Segment – part of a secant segment that is outside a circle
 THEOREMS ON SECANTS, TANGENTS AND SEGMENTS OF A CIRCLE:
o If a line is tangent to a circle, then it is perpendicular to the radius drawn to
the point of tangency.
o If a line is perpendicular to a radius of a circle at its endpoint that is on the
circle, then the line is tangent to the circle.
o If two segments from the same exterior point are tangent to a circle, then
the two segments are congruent.
 NOTE: Segments and rays that are contained in the tangent or
intersect the circle in one and only one point are also said to be
tangent to the circle.
o If two secants intersect in the exterior of a circle then the measure of the
angle formed in one-half the positive difference of the measures of the
intercepted arcs.
 o If a secant and a tangent intersect in the exterior of a circle, then the
measure of the angle formed is one-half the positive difference of the
measures of the intercepted arcs.
o If two tangents intersect in the exterior of a circle, then the measure of the
angle formed is one-half the positive difference of the measures of the
intercepted arcs.
o If two secants intersect in the interior of a circle, then the measure of an
angle formed is one-half the sum of the measures of the arcs intercepted
by the angle and its vertical angle.
o If a secant and a tangent intersect at the point of tangency, then the
measure of each angle formed is one-half the measure of its intercepted
arc.
o If two chords of a circle intersect, then the product of the measures of the
segments of one chord is equal to the product of the measures of the
segments of the other chord.
 THEOREMS ON SECANT SEGMENTS, TANGENT SEGMENTS & EXTERNAL
SECANT SEGMENTS:
o If two secant segments are drawn to a circle from an exterior point, then
the product of the lengths of one secant segment and its external secant
segment is equal to the product of the lengths of the other secant segment
and its external secant segment.
o If a tangent segment and a secant segment are drawn to a circle from an
exterior point, then the square of the length of the tangent segment is
equal to the product of the lengths of the secant segment and its external
secant segment.