Workbook in

HUMAN
BEHAVIOR
and
VICTIMOLOGY
MR. ROSEDAN C. BIONCIO, RCRIM
Compiler

_______________________________ _________________________
Student’s Name

___________________________________________________________
1
 Course / Year and Section

________________________________________________________________

Subject Teacher

SUBJECT CODE/S: CRIM3

Date of Last Revision: July 1, 2024

ACKNOWLEGEMENT

The compiler would like to extend his heartfelt thanks and gratitude to the
following individuals who had their unselfish support that lead to the completion of this
module.

First and most importantly to Allah who is the Source of his courage, wisdom, love,
strength, knowledge, and spiritual guidance in the completion of this module.

To the School Administrators of Goldenstate College, Dr. Warren A. Manilay,

MNSA, Dr. Sara Jane T. Manilay, Dr. John Ralph T. Manilay, and Dr. Mary Rose S.
Manilay for the opportunity to accomplish this daunting task with your guidance, ideas,
valuable advices and encouragement.

To the Dean of College of Criminology, Gen. Willie M. Dangane Sr., Ph.D. for all
the encouragement and ideas which contributed to the success of this module.

To his family for the support, encouragement and help they extend to him.

And to all those who had helped but unmentioned, thank you very much.

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 COURSE OUTLINE

Course Name HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND VICTIMOLOGY

Course Credit 3 Units

Pre-requisite Crim1

Contact Hours/Week 3 Hours

WEEK TOPICS

⚫ Factors altering behavior and coping mechanism

⚫ Theories of emotion
1-4 ⚫ Types of conflict
⚫ Kinds of approach avoidance
⚫ Causes of depression
⚫ Effect of distress
⚫ Three (3) stages of distress
⚫ Activities and exercises

⚫ Types of short term stress

⚫ Sources of frustration
5-8 ⚫ Common responses to frustration
⚫ Defense mechanism
⚫ List of the coping mechanism
⚫ Anxiety disorder
⚫ Types of anxiety disorder
⚫ Three types of anxiety according to Freud
⚫ Activities and exercises

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 ⚫ Types of delusional disorder
⚫ Types of mood disorder
9-13 ⚫ Two type of bipolar
⚫ Three types of depressive disorder
⚫ Schizophrenic hallucination

⚫ Characterized of schizophrenia
⚫ Kinds of schizophrenia
⚫ How schizophrenia develops
⚫ Types of sexual dysfunction
⚫ Common forms of the paraphilla

⚫ Types of exposure
⚫ Types of fetishism
⚫ Activities and exercises

14-18
⚫ Four (4) major categories of WAM
⚫ Category of sexual abnormalities
⚫ Kinds of homosexual
⚫ Types of masturbation
⚫ Theories of Victimology
⚫ Three areas within victimology include
⚫ How does victimology help practice forensic psychology
⚫ Types of victimization

⚫ Activities and exercises

ONLINE RULES AND REGULATION

1. Students must provide notebook and ballpen for note taking

2. Students must mute his /her speaker as the discussion started
3. Find a place/area/ venue that is noise free but with strong signal for internet
connection
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 4. Unnecessary exercises are not allowed while the online class are going on
5. Make sure that everybody is ready for session
6. Be on your well-mannered position, lying or sleeping position is not permitted.
7. Eating during online class is not allowed.
8. If you have question/ queries regarding with the discussion, just press the handsup
emoticons to acknowledge your question.

FACTORS ALTERING BEHAVIOR AND COPING MECHANISM

This chapter present the factors affecting human behavior such as; emotion, conflict,
depression, stress, frustration, and coping mechanism. Furthermore, progress check is
provided at the end of this chapter.

Emotion

Emotion is referring to the feelings affective responses as a result of physiological

arousal. Thoughts and beliefs, subjective evaluation and bodily expression. It is a state
characterized by the facial expression, gesture, posture, and subjective feelings (Uriarte,
2009).
Emotion is associated with mood, temperament, personality, and disposition. The
English word ‘Emotion’ is derived from the french word ‘emouvoir”. this is based on the
latin emovere. Where e- (variant of ex-) means ‘out ‘movere means ‘move’. the related
term “motivation” is also derived from movere (Santrock, 2000).

Theories of emotion are:

1. James-Lange Theory by William James and Carl Lange -it is state that
emotion result from physiological states triggered by stimuli in the environment;
emotion occurs after physiological reactions. This theory and its derivatives states that
a changed situation leads to a changed bodily state as James says “the perception of
bodily changes as they occurs in the emotion.”

2. Cannon-bard Theory by Walter Cannon and Philip Bard - this is a theory

that emotion and physiological reactions occur simultaneously. These action include
changes in muscular tension, perception etc. the theory was formulated following the
introduction of the James-Lange theory of emotion in the late 1800s, which alternately
suggested that emotion is the result of one perception of their reaction, or bodily
changes”

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 3. Two factor theory- it was provided by SCHACHER & SINGER, in which they
posited that emotion is the cognitive interpretation of a physiological response. For
many, this remains the best formulation of emotion. Most people consider this to be
the common sense” theory to explain physiological changes.

2. Conflict

Conflict is a stressful condition that occurs when person must choose between
incompatible or contradictory [Link] is a negative emotions state caused by
an inability to choose between two or more incompatible goals or impulse.
Conflict is the state in which two or more motives cannot be satisfied because they
interfere with one another.
Types of conflict

1. Physiological Conflict ( internal conflict )

- these could be going on inside the person and no one would know ( instinct may be
at odds with values ). Freud would say unconscious id battling super ego and further
claimed that our personalities are always in conflict.

2. Social conflict - these different kinds of social conflict are ;

a. Interpersonal conflict b. Two individuals me against you c. Inter-group
struggles- us against them, d. individual opposing a group -me against them
them against me e. Intra- group conflict -members of group all against each
other on a task

Approach- avoidance-conflict can be described as having features of approach and

avoidance; approach speaks to thing that we want while avoidance refer to things that
we do not want.

Kinds of Approach-avoidance

A. Approach-approach conflict - the individual must choose between two

positive goals of approximately equal value. In this two pleasing things are wanted but
only one option should be chosen.
B. Avoidance-avoidance conflict - involves more obvious sources of stress.
The individual must choose between two or more negative outcomes.
C. Approach-avoidance conflict - conflict exists when there is an attractive and
unattractive part of both sides. It arises when obtaining a positive goals necessitates a
negative outcome as well.

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 D. Multiple -approach-avoidance conflict - these refers to the conflict with
complex combination of approach and avoidance conflict. It requires individual to
choose between alternatives that contains both positive and negative consequences.

3. Depression

- is an illness that cause a person to feel sad and hopeless much of the time. It is
different from normal feelings of sadness, grief, or low energy. Anyone can have
depression. It often runs in families. But it can also happen to someone who doesn’t have
a family history of depression. You can have depression one time or many times.
Causes of Depression

A. major events that create stress , such as childbirth or a death in the family
B. Illness, such as arthritis , heart disease , or cancer
C. Certain medicine, such as steroids or narcotics for pain relief.
D. Drinking alcohol or using illegal drugs.

Different Forms of Depression

1. Major depressive disorder - this is also called major depression. It is

characterized by a combination of symptoms that interfere with a person’s ability to
work, sleep, study, eat, and enjoy once - pleasurable activities. Major depression is
disabling and prevent a person from functioning normally. An episode of major
depression may occur only once in a person lifetime, but more often, it recurs
throughout a person’s life.

2. Dysthymic disorder -also referred to as dysthymia the symptoms do not

occurs for more than two months at a time. Generally, this type of depression
described as having persistent but less severe depressive symptoms than major
depression. Manifest nearly constant depressive mood of at least 2 years
accompanied by at least two or more of the following.
A. decrease or increase eating;
B. Difficult sleeping or increase in sleeping;
C. Low energy of fatigue
D. Low self-esteem;
E. Difficulty concentrating or making decision; and
F. Felling hopeless

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 3. Psychotic Depression - this occurs when a severe depressive illness is
accompanied by some form of psychosis, such as a break with reality, hallucination,
and delusion.

4. Postpartum Depression- this is a major depressive episode that occurs after

having a baby. A new mother develops a major depressive episode within one
month after delivery. It is estimated that 10 -15 percent of women may have a
severe from depression after giving birth. In rare cases, she may act strangely see
or her things that aren’t there, be a danger to herself and her baby.

5. Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)-this is characterized by the onset of a

depressive illness during the winter months, when there is less natural sunlight. The
depression generally lifts during spring and summer .sad may be effectively treated
with light therapy alone; anti-depressant medication and psychotherapy can reduce
sad symptoms, either alone or in combination with light therapy.

6. Bipolar Disorder -this also called manic-depressive illness, is not as common

major depression or dysthymia. Bipolar disorder is characterized by clinical mood
changes - from extreme high to extreme low.

7. Endogenous Depression- means from within the body. this type of

depression is defined as feeling depressed for no apparent reason

8. Situational Depression or Reactive Depression - also known as adjustment

disorder with depressive mood these symptoms occurs within three months of the
stressor and last no longer than 6 months after the stressor has ended. It causes
significant distress or impairs usual functioning and do not meet the criteria for
major depressive disorder.

9. Agitated depression - this kind of major depressive disorder is characterized

by agitation such as physical and emotional restlessness, irritability and insomnia ,
which is the opposite of many depressive individuals who have low energy and fells
slowed down physically and mentally inappropriate social behavior .

4. Stress

- refers to the consequence of the failure of an organism human or animal - to respond

appropriately to emotional or physical threats , whether actual or imagined. Stressed is a
form of middle English DESTRESS, derived via old French from the Latin STRINGERE to

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draw tight the term stress was first employed in a biological context by the
endocrinologist.

Two types of stress

1. Eustress ( positive ) - it is a word consisting of two parts the prefix derives from the
Greek word EU meaning iether WELL or GOOD when attached to the word STRESS , it
literally means GOOD STRESS .
It is a stress that is healthy, or gives one a feeling of fulfillment or other positive feelings.
Eustress is a process of exploring potentials gains .a stress that enhance functions such
as through strength training or challenging work is considered eustress.

2. Distress (negative) - is known as a negative stress. Persistent stress that is not

resolved through coping or adoption, deemed distress, may lead anxiety or withdrawal
depression.

Effect of Distress

A. Ineffectiveness at task
B. Self-defeating behavior
C. Transitionally suicidal behavior
D. Loss of interest and initiative
E. Anxiety and fear
F. Poor decision making
G. Dangerous reaction
H. Accident and
I. Apathy and cynicism.

Three Stages of Stress

1. Alarm - is a first stage when the threat or stressor is identified or realized, the
body’s stress response is a state of alarm during this stage adrenaline will be
produced in order to bring about the fight or flight response.

2. Resistance - is a second stage. If the stressor persist, it becomes necessary

to attempt some means of coping with the stress although the body begins to try
adopt to the strains or demand of the environment, the body cannot keep this up
indefinitely, so its resources are gradually depleted.
3. Exhaustion - is the third and final stage in the general arousal syndrome
(GAS) model. At this point, all of the body resources are eventually depleted and the
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 body is unable to maintain normal function. The initial autonomic nervous system
symptoms may reappear sweating, raised heart rate etc.
The result can manifest itself in obvious illness such as ulcers, depression, and
diabetes, trouble with the digestive system or eve cardiovascular problem, along with
other mental illness.

WEEK 1-4 ACTIVITIES and EXERCISE

Identification. Identify the answer that corresponds to each question. Write your answer
on the space provided before the number.

________________1. It is a healthy stress, it enhance functions regarding physical or

mental, such as through strength training or challenging work.
________________2. Anything that produces stress is considered as ______________.
________________3. It refers to the unpleasant feelings that resulted from the blocking
of motive satisfaction - that is, the feelings we experience when something interferes with
our wishes, hopes, plans and expectation
________________4. A defense mechanism in which a person returns to an earlier
stage of development in response to some perceived threat .an adult for instance who is
unable to solve his\her problems may result to childish tactics.
________________5. It is one of the causes of frustration is being a handicap, it prevent
a person from reaching his/her goals.
________________6. This is the first stage of general arousal syndrome in which
adrenaline is produce in order to bring out the fight or flight response.
________________7.Aileen, two days after giving birth, felt very sad, hopeless and
empty. She even felt anxious, lost pleasure in every activities and never felt hunger
affecting her weight. Aileen suffering of what kind of depression?
________________8.A woman with an unwanted pregnancy may be morally opposed
by abortion. Specifically, what is this kind of conflict?
________________9.it refers to the simultaneous arousal of two or more incompatible
motives resulting in unpleasant emotion.
________________10.this also called manic-depressive illness, it is not as common as
major depression or dysthymia

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V. Multiple Choice. Select the best answer encircle the letter of your answer that
correspond to the given question.

1. Which of the following is not a symptoms of depression? A. Think a lot about or

suicide.

B. Have changes in their eating and sleeping habits

C. Have trouble concentrating, remembering and making decisions.
D. Have desire of insanity and imbecility.

2. The English word emotion is derive from the French word ___________. This was
based from the Latin word EMOVERE where e-(variant of ex-) means out movere
means move.
A. emouvoir C. emoveire
B. Emoverst D. emouvir
3. The following are kind of social conflict except ____________________.
A. Inter-group struggle C. integral struggle
B. Individual opposing a group D. interpersonal conflict
4. Tedler dismayed because hid attention of courting his dream girl named Romana was
blocked by the lady’s parent. As a result Tedler was frustrated which made him
fantasize and became nomadic. Therefore, Tedler’s way of reaching to frustration is
generally known as _____________.
A. Coping mechanism C. day dreaming or fantasy
B. Withdrawal reaction D. Nomadism
5. A person suffering from dysthymic disorder probably suffer difficulty in sleeping,
excessive movement, feeling worthless or excessive guilt. These symptoms are
manifested with in how many years?
A. at least 4 years C. before 1 year
B. More or less 2 years D exactly 3 years
6. Danilo was depressed, lost his voluntary, movement and unable to react to his
environment, unwilling to speak, with odd or inappropriate voluntary movements and
posture were observed from him. In conclusion, Danilo is suffering what type of major
depressive depression?
A. Melancholic depression C. atypical depression
B. .catatonic depression D. depression disorder
7. Manic depression includes periods of mania and depression. A manic episode consist
of a persistence elevated or irritable mood that is extreme, which last for at least one

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 week at present, manic depression is also called ___________________. A. Mood
disorder [Link] mood disorder
B. Anxiety depression D. bipolar disorder.
8. Conflict can be a source of frustration when one has competing goals that interferes
with one another, it can create cognitive dissonance. Conflict is an _____________.
A. Internal frustration C. inside issue
B. External frustration D. inside out issue

9. Psychological theories of crime revolve around the idea that the person commits crime
because of unfulfilled needs and internal mental conflicts. Psychologist claimed that
delinquency or criminality is one mental conflict.
A. Absolutely true C. doubtfully true
B. Probably false D. completely false.

10. Mr. Viernes failed his final examination because he had a drinking spree with
his cousin a day before his exam instead of prioritizing his review. Hence, Mr. Viernes
blamed his cousin. From this scenario, what defense mechanism was apparent to the
act of Mr. Viernes?
A. Aggressive reaction C. Scapegoating
B. Free floating D. displace aggressive reaction.

WEEK 5-8

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 Types of Short Term Stress

1. Acute time - refers to the limited stress that come or suddenly (acute) and are
over relatively quickly. Situations like public speaking and doing math in your head fall
into this category. These things may come on without warning but are short in
duration.

2. Brief naturalistic stress - it is relatively short in duration. Think of classroom

test of a final exam these are stresses that rise out of other things (like a course of
study) and are over quickly.

Types of Long Term Stress

1. Stressful Event Sequences - is a single event that start from a chain of

challenging situation for example losing a job or surviving a natural disaster.

2. Chronic Stress- lacks a clear end point. Often they force people to assume
new roles of change their self-perception. Think of a refugee leaving their native
country or an injury leading to permanent disability. These are life changing events
you rarely get to go back to the way things were.
[

3. Distant Stress - distant stress may have been initiated in the past (like
childhood abuse or trauma resulting from combat experience) but continue to affect
the immune system. Distant stressors have long lasting effects on emotion and
mental health.

5. Frustration

- it is a negative emotional state that occurs when one is prevented from reaching a goal.
Frustration is an unpleasant state of a tension and heightened sympathetic activity
resulting from a blocked goal. Frustration is associated with motivation since we don’t be
frustrated if we were not motivated to achieve the goal. Frustration may be external or
personal.
Sources of frustration

1. Physical obstacles - drought, typhoons flat tire, etc. That prevent a person from
doing his plan or fulfilling his wish.
2. Social circumstances - obstacles through the restrictions imposed by other people
and customs and law of social being.
3. Personal shortcoming - handicapped by diseases, blindness deafness or paralysis.
4. Conflict between motives - wanting to leave college for a year to try painting, but
also wanting to please one’s parents by remaining in in school.

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The following are common responses to frustration.

1. Aggression - it refers to any person made with the intent or harming some
persons or object. The intentional infliction may be a physical psychological harm.
2. Displaced aggression - it refers to the redirecting of aggression to a target other
than the actual source of one’s frustration.
3. Scapegoating - it refers to the act of blaming a person or group of people for
conditions not of their making
4. Escape - is the act of reducing discomfort by leaving frustrating situation or by
psychologically withdrawing from them such as apathy or illegal drugs use.
Coping mechanism
Are the sum total of ways in which people deal with minor to major stress and
trauma. Some of these processes are unconscious ones, other are learned behavior ,
and still other are skills that individuals consciously mater in order to reduce stress , or
other intense emotion like depression .not all way of coping are equally beneficial , and
some can actually be very detrimental.

Defense mechanism

- refer to an individual’s way of reacting to frustration. These are unconscious

psychological strategies brought into play by various entities to cope with reality and to
maintain self-image healthy person normally use different defenses throughout life.
According to Freud defense mechanism are methods that ego uses to avoid recognizing
ideas or emotions that may cause personal anxiety; it is the unrealistic strategies used
by the ego to discharge tension.
The following is the complete list of the coping mechanism

1. Acting out - this means literally acting out the desire that are forbidden by the super
ego and yet desire by the id.
2. Aim inhibition - sometimes we have desires and goals that we believe or realized
that we are unable to achieve. In aim inhibition, we lower our sight, reducing our goals to
something that we believe is actually more possible or realistic.
3. Altruism - avoid your own pains by concentrating on the pains of other, maybe you
can heal yourself and feel good by healing them and helping them to feel good.
4. Attack - the best form of defense is attack it is common saying and is also common
action, and when we feel threatened or attack we will attack back. When a person feels
stressed in some way he\she may lash out at whoever is in the way, whether the other
person is in a real caused or not.
5. Avoidance - we simply find ways of avoiding having to face uncomfortable situations,
things or activities.
6. Compartmentalization - it is a divide and conquer process for separating thoughts
that will conflict with one another.
7. Compensation - they may compensate by accentuating or building up strengths in
another area. Thus, when they are faced with their weakness, they can say ‘ah but I am
good at …..’ and hence feel reasonably good about the situation.
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8. Conversation - occurs where cognitive tensions manifest themselves in physical
symptoms.
9. Denial - is simply refusing to acknowledge that an event has occurred. The person
affected simply acts as if nothing has happened, behaving in ways that others may see
as bizarre.
10. Displacement - it refers to the shifting of action from a desired target to a
substitute target when there are some reasons why the first target is not permitted or not
available.
11. Dissociation - involved separating a set of thoughts or activities from the main
area of conscious mind in order to avoid the conflict that this would cause.
12. Emotionally - when we became stressed or tension is caused a number of
negative emotion may start to build including anger, frustration, fear, other around us,
arousing similar or polar feelings.
13. Fantasy or day dreaming - when we cannot achieved or do something that
we want, we channel the energy created by the desire into fantastic imaginings, fantasy
also provides temporary reliefs from the general stresses of everyday living.
14. Fight or flight reaction - when we perceive a significant threat to us , then our
bodies get ready either for a fight to the death or a desperate flight from certain defeat by
a clearly superior adversary .
15. Help rejecting complaining - a person becomes upset or otherwise elicit
supporting action from other people. When helpful suggestion or other comfort is offered,
however, he\she reject this and return to his\her complaint.
16. Idealization - it is the over estimation of the desirable qualities and
underestimation of the limitation of a desire thing. We also tend to idealize those things
that we have chosen or acquired. The opposite of idealization is demonization, where
something that is not desired or disliked has its weak points exaggerated and its strong
point played down.
17. Identification- it occurs when a person changes apparent facets of his/her
personality such that he/she appears to be more like other people. This process may be
to copy specific people or it may be to change to an idealized prototype. Areas of
identification may include external elements, such as clothing and hair styles (which may
be chosen without consciously realizing the influences that are at play) as well as
internal factors such as beliefs, values and attitudes.
18. Intellectualization- this refers to “flight into reason”, where the person avoids
uncomfortable emotions by focusing on facts and logic. The situation is treated as an
interesting problem that engages the person on a rational basis, whilst the emotional
aspects are completely ignore as being irrelevant. Jargon is often used as a device of
intellectualization. By using complex terminology, the focus becomes on the words and
finer definitions rather than the human effects.
19. Introjection- introjection occurs as a coping mechanism when we take on
attributes of other people who seem better able to cope with the situation than we do.
20. Passive Aggression- a person who uses passes aggressive method to cope
with stress does this by “attacking through passive means. Thus the aggressive intent is
cloaked by the passive method. Passive aggression often appears when a person is

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asked to do something which he/she wants to avoid for some reason. By appearing to
agree but not making any real commitment, he/she can avoid the action.
21. Post-Traumatic Growth- an individual who has suffered a traumatic
experience somehow finds ways to turn into something good. Typically interpersonal
relationships are improved, with friends and family valued more and more time being
spent in helping others. Self-Perception changes through the increase in resiliency
gained from realizing you can cope with hardship.
22. Projection- when a person has uncomfortable thoughts or feelings he/she
may project these onto other people, assigning the thoughts or feelings he/she needs to
repress to a convenient alternative target. Projection may also happen to obliterate
attributes of other people with which we are uncomfortable. We assume that they are like
us, and in doing so we allow ourselves to ignore those attributes they have with which
we are uncomfortable.
23. Provocation or Free-Floating- when a person feels stressed, his/her way to
avoid dealing with the real issues is to provoke others into some kind of reaction. The
attention can be put on the other person and away from the originator’s stress.
24. Reaction Formation- Reaction Formation occurs when a person feels an urge
to do or say something and then actually does or says something that is effectively the
opposite of what he/she really wants. It also appears as a defense against a feared
social punishment. If I fear that I will be criticized for something, I very visibly act in a way
that shows I am personally a long way from the feared position.
25. Rationalization- when something happens that we find difficult to accept, then
we will make up a logical reason why it has happened. We rationalize to ourselves. We
also find it very important to rationalize to other people, even those we do not know.
26. Regression- regression involves taking the position of a child in some
problematic situation, rather than acting in a more adult way. This is usually in response
to stressful situations with greater levels of stress potentially leading to more overt
regressive acts. Regressive acts behavior can be simple and harmless, such as a
person who is sucking a pen, or may be more dysfunctional, such as crying or using
petulant arguments.
27. Repression- repression involves placing uncomfortable thoughts in relatively
inaccessible areas of the subconscious mind. Thus when things occur that we are
unable to cope with now, we push them away, either planning to deal with them another
time or hoping that the will fade away on their accord.
28. Self-harming- the person physically deliberately hurts himself/herself in some
way or otherwise puts themselves at high risk of harm.
29. Somatization-somatization occurs where a psychological problem turns into
physical and subconscious symptoms. This can range from simple twitching to skin
rashes, heart problems and worse.
30. Sublimation-it is the transformation of unwanted impulse into something less
harmful. Thus can simply be a distracting release or may be a constructive and valuable
piece of work.

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Anxiety disorder

Is a psychological disorder that involves excessive levels of negative emotions, such as

nervousness, tension worry, fright and anxiety? It is a generalized felling of apprehension,
fear, or tension that may be associated with a particular object or situation or may be free
floating, not associated with anything specific.
Anxiety

Is defined as a pleasant emotional state for which the cause is either not readily identified or
perceived to be uncontrollable or unavoidable.
Fear

It is an emotional and psychological response to a recognized external threat or a response

to a real danger or threat.

Types of anxiety disorder 1. Generalized Anxiety Disorder -

This order involves excessive unrealistic worry and tension, even if there is little or nothing to
provoke the anxiety, accordingly symptoms include restlessness or feeling keyed up difficult
concentrating irritability, muscle tension and jitteriness, deep disturbance, unwanted, intrusive
worries.
2. Obsessive- Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

-people with OCD are plagued by constant thought or fear that cause them to perform certain
rituals or routines , the disturbing thought are called OBSESSION- are anxiety provoking
thoughts that will not go away, of becoming contaminated by a handshake ,or of having
unknowingly hurt someone in a traffic accident.
3. Panic Disorder

- this disorder keeps recurring attack to a person of intense fear or panic , often with feelings
of impending doom of death .people with this condition have feelings of terror that strikes
suddenly and repeatedly with no warning.
4. Post - Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD )

- is a condition that can develop following a traumatic and or terrifying events , such as a
sexual or physical assault , the unexpected death of a love one , or a natural disaster .
People with PTSD often have lasting and frightening thoughts and memories of the events,
and tend to be emotionally numb.
5. Specific Phobias

-is an intense fear of a specific object or situation, such as snake, height, or flying. PHOBIA is
an exaggerated, unrealistic fear of a specific situation, activity, or object.

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6. Social Anxiety Disorder

- This also called SOCIAL PHOBIA. It involves overwhelming worry and self-consciousness
about every social situation. The worry often center on a fear being judged by other or
behaving in a way that might cause embarrassment or lead to ridicule.
Three types of anxiety according to Freud

1. Reality Anxiety - reality anxiety refers to fear of real danger of the external world
2. Neurotic anxiety -neurotic anxiety refers to fear that instincts will get out of control and
cause the person to do something for which he or she will be punished.
3. Moral anxiety - moral anxiety is the fear of the conscience. People with well-developed
superegos tend to feel guilty when they do something that is contrary to the moral code by
which they have been raised.

ACTIVITIES AND EXERCISES ( from week 9 – 13 )

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IDENTIFICATION, identify the answer that correspond to each question. Write your
answer on the space provided before the numbers

_____1. Victims of the delusional disorder believe that they are possessed with extra
ordinary power, knowledge or ability.

_____2.It is a personality disorder with manifestation of social isolation and lack of desire
for close personal relationship.

______3. A group of disorder characterized by loss of contact with reality, marked

disturbances of thought and perception, and bizarre behavior.

_____4.If a person has difficulty with some phase of sexual response cycle of experience
pain with sexual intercourse .he\she may have:

______5. It refers to the display of the bare buttocks while bending down by the pulling
down of trousers and underwear. This act is more often done for the sake of humor and\or
mockery than for sexual excitement.

______6.Masochism refers to the getting of pleasure. Often sexual, from being hurt or
shamed. One who perform masochistic acts referred to as.

______7. Ronald has schizophrenia. One of the notable phrases he usually spoke was
“Santa Claus is coming to get me “what type of schizophrenia does Ronald have?

______8. This syndrome is a mental disorder characterized by symptoms that mimic

physical disease with no identifiable physical cause.

______9. This disorder includes four recognized varieties such as psychogenic amnesia,
psychogenic fugue, multiple personality, and depersonalization disorder. What is the type
of disorder?

______10. If a person believes that he/she has done something terribly wrong he/she is
suffering a disease called folie a deux which is otherwise known as:

Enumeration

1-6. What are the six (6) types of Anxiety Disorder?

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7-9- The three (3) types of Anxiety Disorder according to Freud.

10-15- Give me the six (6) types of Delusional Disorder.

16-30- Give at least fifteen (15) list of Coping Mechanism.

WEEK 9-13

Delusional Disorder: False Belief

-is something referred to as PARANOIA; delusion are false, something even

preposterous, beliefs that are not part of the person culture. One might think he is Jesus
Christ.
20
Types of delusional disorder 1. Persecutory Type ( delusion of persecution)

The person of this type believes that he\she is being threatened or

mistreated by others.
2. Grandiose Type ( delusion of grandeur )

Victims of this disorder believed that they are extra ordinary important
people or are possessed with extraordinary power, knowledge or ability.
3. Jealous Type

This delusional centers on the suspected unfaithfulness of spouse or

sexual partner. This delusion is more common than others.
4. Erotomanic Type

This is a type of delusional disorder where a person has an erotic

delusion that he\she is loved by another person, especially by someone famous
or of higher status.
5. Somatic Type

The false beliefs focuses on a delusional physical abnormality or

disorder. The somatic delusion relates to the patient’s body. No matter what the mirror
says, a person suffering from this type of delusional beliefs his\her body is under attack.
The attack can be form bug, or bad odors, or just the beliefs that there is something
terribly wrong with his\her body. Mood disorders
are disorders characterized by extreme and unwanted disturbances in feeling or
mood. These are major disturbances in one’s condition or emotion, such as depression
and mania. It is otherwise known as EFFECTIVE DISORDER.

TYPES OF MOOD DISORDER

1. BIPOLAR DISORDER
In bipolar disorder, formerly known as MANIC DEPRESSION, there are swing in
mood from elation (EXTREME HAPPINESS) to depression (EXTREME SADNES) with
no discernable external cause.
TWO TYPES OF BIPOLAR

A. MANIC PHASE - DURING the manic phase of this disorder, the patient may
show excessive, unwarranted excitement or silliness, carrying jokes too far. They may
also show poor judgement and recklessness and may be argumentative. Manic may
speak rapidly, have unrealistic ideas, and jump from subject. They may not be able to
sleep or sit still for very long.
B. Depressive episode - the other side of the bipolar coin is the depressive
episode. Bipolar depressed patient often sleep more than usual and are lethargic.
During bipolar depressive episodes, a patient may also show irritability and
withdrawal.
2. Depressive disorder

depressive disorder is when a person experience extended, unexplainable period

of sadness
21
THREE TYPES OF DEPRESSIVE DISORDER

A. Major depressive disorder - a person suffering from major depressive disorder is

in a depressed mood for the most of the day, nearly every day or has lost interest
or pleasure in all, or almost all activities for a period of at least two weeks.
B. Single episode - single episode depression is like major depression only it strikes
in one dramatic episode.
C. Recurrent - recurrent depression is an extended pattern of depressed episodes.
Depressed episodes can include any of the features of a major depressive disorder.

4. PERSONALITY DISORDER

are chronic maladaptive cognitive behavioral patterns that are thoroughly

integrated into the individuals personality and that are troublesome to others or whose
pleasure sources are either harmful or illegal.
SCHIZOPHRENIA

- is a group of disorder characterized by loss of contact with reality, marked

disturbances of thought and perception, and bizarre behavior. At some phase.
DELUSION or HALLUCINATION almost always occurs.

SCHIZOPHRENIC HALLUCINATION

1. TACTILE (touch) - people with schizophrenia often have the sensation that there are
things (like bugs or insects) crawling across their skin.
2. Visual (sight) - this kind of hallucination causes the person to see things that are not
really there.
3. Auditory (hearing) - this is the most common type of hallucination people with
auditory hallucination hear voices and sound that others cannot hear.
4. Olfactory (smell) - the person experiencing an olfactory hallucination smells things
(usually foul smelling things) that others do not smell.
5. Command (hearing) - when a voice commands the person to do something he\she
would not ordinarily do.
CHARATERIZED OF SCHEZOPHRENIA

1. DISTURBANCE OF THOUGHT AND ATTENTION- people suffering schizophrenia

often cannot think logically and as the result of this they cannot write a story, because
every word they down might make sense, but are meaningless in relation to each other,
and they cannot keep their attention to the writing. The principal disturbances in the
schizophrenia though processes in multiple delusion. This is divided into two
subcategories.
A. PERSECUTORY DELUSION - the schizophrenic believes that he\she is being
talked about, spied upon, or his\her death being planned.
B. DELUSION OF REFERENCE - the schizophrenic give personal importance to
completely unrelated incident, object or people.
22
2. DISTURBANCES OF PERCEPTION - during acute schizophrenic episodes people
say that the world appears different to them, their bodies appear longer, colors seem
more intense and they cannot recognized themselves in a mirror.
3. DISTURBANCES OF AFFECT - person to fail show normal emotion. This symptoms
is easiest described as an excessive lack of correlation between what an individual is
saying and what emotion they are expressing.
4. WITHDRAWAL FROM REALITY - the individual becomes absorbed in his inner
thoughts and fantasies. The self- absorption may be so intense that the individual may
not know the month or day or the place where he is staying.
5. DELUSION AND HALLUCINATION - IN THE MOST cases it is accompanied by
delusions. Delusion are inflexible misleading beliefs. They appear as a result of
exaggerating or distortions of reasoning, as well as false interpretation of things and
events

The following are the kind of schizophrenia:

1. PARANOID SCHIZOPHRENIA. -if a person is paranoid schizophrenia, he or she:

A. Is very suspicious of others,
B. Has great schemes of persecution at the root of the behavior,
C. Has hallucination and delusion which are also the symptoms of this type of
schizophrenia,
D. Displays the psychotic symptoms.

2. RESIDUAL SCHIZOPHRENIA -it is usually

A. Expressed through a person having no motivation or interest in everyday life.

B. Advised when an individual has been through at least one episode of
schizophrenia (6 months) but the recover.

3. DISORGANIZED SCHIZOPHRENIA (HEBEPHRENIC SCHIZOPHRENIA) -THIS

schizophrenia is characterized by:

A. Person in coherent verbally and to his\her feeling

B. Expressing emotion that are not appropriate to the situation.

4. CATATONIC SCHIZOPHRENIA -a person diagnosed with catatonic schizophrenia is:

A. Extremely withdrawn, negative, isolated, and has obvious psychomotor
disturbances ,
B. the subject may be almost immobile or exhibit agitated purposeless movement
C. Symptoms can include catatonic stupor and waxy flexibility.
D.
23
5. UNDIFFERENTIATED SCHIZOPHRENIA - the symptoms of more than one of the
above mentioned types of schizophrenia, but without clear predominance of a
particular set of diagnostic characteristic.

Schizophrenia develops through any of the following causes:

1. GENETIC CAUSES - usually lie in a person having immediate relatives with a history
of schizophrenia or other psychiatric diseases (bipolar, disorder, and depression).
2. PRENATAL CAUSES -causal factors are though to initially come together in early
neurodevelopment to increase the risk of later developing schizophrenia .one curious
finding is that people diagnosed with schizophrenia are more likely to have been born in
winter or spring.
3. ENVIRONMENTAL \SOCIAL CAUSE - there is considerable evidence indicating that
stress may trigger episodes of schizophrenia psychosis.
4. SUBSTANCE ABUSE CAUSE - in a recent study of people with schizophrenia and a
substance abuse disorder, over a ten years period “substantial proportion were above
cutoffs selected by dual diagnosis clients as indicators of recovery.

SEXUAL DISORDER

SEXUAL DYSFUNCTIONS

Are disorder related to a particular phase of the sexual response cycle. Sexual
disorders include problems of sexual identity, sexual performances, and sexual aim.
Types of Sexual Dysfunction

A. DYSFUNCTIONS OF SEXUAL DESIRE (occurs during the excitement phase):

1. Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder - it is marked by lack or no sexual drive or

interest in sexual activity. It is characterized by a persistent, upsetting loss of sexual
desire.
2. Sexual Aversion Disorder - it is characterized by a desire to avoid genital contact
with a sexual partner. It refers to persistent feelings of fear, anxiety, or disgust about
engaging in sex.

B. DYSFUNCTIONAL OF SEXUAL AROUSAL (occurs during the arousal\plateau

phase):

24
1. Male erectile disorder - it refers to the inability to maintain or achieved an erection
(previously called as IMPOTENCE).
2. Female sexual arousal disorder - it refers to none responsiveness to erotic
stimulation both physically and emotionally ( previously called as FRIGIDITY).

C. DYSFUNCTIONAL OF ORGASM (OCCURS DURING THE ORGASMIC PHASE)

1. Premature ejaculation -it is the unsatisfactory brief period between the beginning or
sexual stimulation and the occurrence of the ejaculation.
2. Male orgasmic disorder - it refers to the inability to ejaculate during sexual
intercourse.
3. Female orgasmic disorder - it refers to the difficulty in achieving orgasm. Either
manually or during sexual intercourse.

D. Sexual pain disorder:

1. VAGINISMUS -it is the involuntary muscle spasm at the entrance to the vagina that
prevents penetration and sexual intercourse.
2. Dyspareunia - it refers to the painful coitus that may have either an organic or
psychological basis.

E. HYPER SEXUALITY.
1. NYMPHOMANIA (or futor uterinus) - a female psychological disorder
characterized by an over active libido and an obsession with sex (etymology of the word
NYMPH)
2. SATYRIASIS - in males the disorder is called satyriasis and the etymology is STYR.

COMMON FORMS OF THE PARAPHILLA ARE:

A. Exhibitionism - this is also known as flashing, is behavior by a person that involves

the exposure of private parts of his\her body to another person in a situation when they
would not normally be exposed.

TYPES OF EXPOSURE

1. Flashing - it is the displayed of bare breasts and\or buttocks by a woman with an

upand-down lifting of the shirt and\or bra or a person exposing and\or stroking hid or
her genitals.
25
2. Mooning -refers to the display of the bare buttocks while bending down by the pulling
down of trousers and underwear. This act is more than often done for the sake of
humor and\or mockery than for sexual excitement.
3. Anasyrma - lifting up of the skirt when not wearing underwear, to expose genital.
4. Martymachlia - is a paraphilia which involves sexual attraction to having other watch
the execution of a sexual act.

B. Fetishism- people with a fetish experience sexual urges and behavior which are
associated with non-living object for example, the object of the fetish could be an article
of female clothing, like female underwear.

Types of Fetishism

1. Sexual Transvestic Fetishism (tranvestism) - like most paraphilia, TRANSVESTIC

FETISHISM begins in adolescence usually around the onset of puberty.
2. Foot fetishism - it is a pronounced fetishistic sexual interest in human feet. It is also
one of the most common fetishistic interests among humans.
3. Tickling fetishism - a sexual fetish related to gaining a specific sexual thrill from
either tickling a sex partner or being subjected to tickling themselves, usually to the point
of helpless laughter.
4. Wet and messy fetish (WAM) - a form of sexual fetishism that has a person getting
aroused by substances applied on the body like mud, shaving foam, custard pudding,
chocolate sauce, etc. It could also involves wet clothes, or any combination of the above.

ACTIVITIES and EXERCISES (week 9-13)

IDENTIFICATION, identify the answer that correspond to each question. Write your
answer on the space provided before the numbers

______1. Victims of the delusional disorder believe that they are possessed with extra
ordinary power, knowledge or ability.

______2. It is a personality disorder with manifestation of social isolation and lack of

desire for close personal relationship.

26
______3. A group of disorder characterized by loss of contact with reality, marked
disturbances of thought and perception, and bizarre behavior.

______4.If a person has difficulty with some phase of sexual response cycle of
experience pain with sexual intercourse .he\she may have:

______5. It refers to the display of the bare buttocks while bending down by the pulling
down of trousers and underwear. This act is more often done for the sake of humor and\or
mockery than for sexual excitement.

______6. Masochism refers to the getting of pleasure. Often sexual, from being hurt or
shamed. One who perform masochistic acts referred to as.

______7. Ronald has schizophrenia. One of the notable phrases he usually spoke was
“Santa Claus is coming to get me “what type of schizophrenia does Ronald have?

______8. This syndrome is a mental disorder characterized by symptoms that mimic

physical disease with no identifiable physical cause.

______9.This disorder includes four recognized varieties such as psychogenic amnesia,

psychogenic fugue, multiple personality, and depersonalization disorder. What is the type
of disorder?

______10. If a person believes that he/she has done something terribly wrong he/she is
suffering a disease called folie a deux which is otherwise known as:

Multiple Choice. Select the best answer encircle the letter of your answer that
correspond to the given question.
1. These are the sum total ways in which people deal with minor to major stress and
trauma. What types mechanism that emphasis to the question?
A. Coping mechanism C. Defense mechanism
B. Acting mechanism D. None of the above

2. This refers to the anxiety and fears that defines as an unpleasant emotional state for
which either uncontrollable or unavoidable.
A. Anxiety disorder C. Fear
B. Anxiety D. Emotion

3. This disorder involves excessive, unrealistic, worry and tension, even if there’s a little
or nothing to prove the anxiety, what this types of anxiety disorder?
A. Panic disorder C. Acrophobia
B. Post - traumatic stress disorder D. Generalized Anxiety Disorder

4. This is the types of anxiety disorder. EXCEPT: A. Panic disorder C.

Emotional Disorder
27
 B. Obsessive - Compulsive disorder D. Post- Traumatic Disorder

5. The person of this type believes that they being threatened or mistreated my others,
what type of delusional disorder is this.
A. Jealous type C. delusional disorder
B. Delusion of persecution D. delusion of grandeur

6. Reality anxiety refers to fear of real dangers in the external world, what types of this
anxiety according to Freud?
A. Reality anxiety C. Social Anxiety
B. Neurotic anxiety D. Moral Anxiety

7. This type of mood disorder is formerly known as manic depression,

A. Manic phase C. Depressive Episode
B. Guilt delusion D. None of the above

8. People with dependent disorder typically exhibits a pattern of needy and submissive
behavior, and rely on others to make decisions for them. All of these are types of
manifestation that refers to dependent personality disorder EXCEPT:
A. They have severe and disabling emotional dependency on others
B. They have difficulty in making decision without a great deal of advice and
reassurance from other. C. Both A and B D. None of the above

9. This types of schizophrenic hallucination that causes the person to see things that are
not really there.
A. Tactile (touch ) C. Visual ( sight )
B. Auditory ( hearing ) D. command

10. These are the two types of disturbances of thought and attention who
emphasize the people suffering schizophrenia are cannot think logically and they
cannot write a story because every word they write down might make sense.
EXCEPT:
A. Visual ( sight ) C. persecutory delusion
B. Both A and C D. C Only

11. It is also known as the arousal phase or initial excitement phase that refers to
the first stage of the human sexual response cycle. What types of sexual dysfunction
is this.
A. Excitement phase C. plateau phase B. Orgasmic phase D.
resolution phase C.
28
Four (4) Major Categories of WAM

4.1 MESSY - the applying of largely opaque substances not usually used in this fashion.
This includes food, shaving cream and mud. A major subdivision of food play striking
people with cream pies much like in silent comedy films. The category also includes
wrestling in mud, oil or gelatin.
4.2 WET - the major varieties are of images of people in completely soaked clothing,
usually involving full clothing ensemble.
4.3 QUICKSAND - images of people sinking in quicksand. In drawn images, the stage
where female characters sink up to their chest and their breast are up in responses in a
favorite.
4.4 UNDERWATER - also called AQUAPHILLA. It involves images of people swimming
or posing underwater. Some subsets of this category are underwater fashion (models
posing underwater, often while fully clothed), scuba, rubber, simulated drowning, and
underwater sex.
4.5 PYGMALIONISM - it is a sexual deviation whereby a person has sexual desire for
statues.
4.6 INCENDIARISM - it is a sexual deviation whereby a person’s derives sexual pleasure
from setting fire.
B. FROTTEURISM (FROTTAGE) - frotteurism is the act of obtaining sexual arousal
and gratification by rubbing ones genitals against others in public places or crowds or
sexual urges are related to the touching or rubbing of their body against a
nonconsenting unfamiliar woman.
C. Pedophilia -is used to refer to child sexual abuse which comes from the Greek word
(pedophilia) (pais), “child” and (philia), “friendship”. It is also called “pedophilic behavior.
D. Masochism - sexual masochism involves acts in which a person derives sexual
excitement from being humiliated, beaten, bound or otherwise abused.
E. Sadism - the tendency to derive pleasure, especially sexual gratification, from inflicting
pain, suffering, or humiliation on others.
F. Voyeurism (peeping tom) - the practice of gaining sexual pleasure from watching
others when they are naked or engaged in sexual activity.
G. Scatologia, also called Coprolalia, deviant sexual practice in which sexual pleasure
is obtained through the compulsive use of obscene language. The affected person
commonly satisfies his desires through obscene telephone calls, usually to strangers.
Such telephone encounters may be extremely frightening to the recipients, and this
reaction may play a part in the arousal of the scatologist, who often masturbates
during the call. Some sexual graffiti also may be related to this deviation.

I. Recent Examples on the Web The comedy touched third rails — the Holocaust,

pedophilia, necrophilia, terrorist acts, to name a few — that shocked the audience but

never felt cheap.— Richard Ruelas, azcentral, "Comedian Louis C.K. talked about 'it' on

a Phoenix stage. But mostly he did his comedy," 23 Feb. 2020 The focus on Jackson’s
29
claims of necrophilia are one of two main issues that jurors will consider as early as next

week.— Nate Gartrell, The Mercury News, "‘I never thought I’d be aroused by a

deceased or comatose individual’: Antioch man admits to sex assault, not murder," 19

Sep. 2019

J. COPROPHILIA -] This word is first recorded in the period 1930–35. Other

words that entered English at around the same time include: DNA, acoustic
phonetics, boondoggle, old school tie, presetcopro- is a combining form meaning
“dung,” used in the formation of compound words. Other words that use the affix
copro- include: coprolalia, coprolite, coprology, coprophagous, coprophobia;
philia is a combining form used in the formation of compound words that have
the general sense “unnatural attraction” (necrophilia), “tendency” (hemophilia);
philia also forms abstract nouns that correspond to adjectives ending in philic or
-philous or nouns ending in -phile. Other words that use the affix philia include:
ailurophilia, chromophilia, mysophilia, spasmophilia, xenophilia

K [Link], sexual attraction of a human toward a nonhuman animal, which may

involve the experience of sexual fantasies about the animal or the pursuit of real sexual
contact with it (i.e., bestiality). Sex between humans and animals is illegal in many
countries. (See also human sexual behaviour: Legal regulation.)

[Link]

Noun

(uncountable)

1. (sexuality) undinism, a fetish for or sexual dependency on either the smell and/or taste
of urine, or the sight and sound of someone urinating.

Origin

From uro- + -philia.

[Link] is the primary sexual attraction to the elderly. A person with such a
sexual preference is a gerontophile. The word gerontophilia was coined in 1901 by
psychiatrist Richard von Krafft-Ebing.[1][2] It derives from Greek: geron, meaning "old
person" and philie, meaning "love".[3] Gerontophilia is classified as a paraphilia, but is
not mentioned in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
or International Classification of Diseases.[1]
The prevalence of gerontophilia is unknown.[1] A study of pornographic search terms on
a peer-to-peer network reported that 0.15% had gerontophilic themes.[4] Sex offenders
with elderly victims do not necessarily have gerontophilia. There are other possible
motivations for these offenses, such as rage or sadism, or the increased vulnerability of
elderly as a social group,[5] which are factors that may not involve a sexual preference
for the elderly. There are no studies showing that most such offenders are gerontophiles.
In one small study, two of six sex offenders against the elderly evinced gerontophilic
30
tendencies.[6] Gerontophilia can also be expressed with consenting elderly partners in a
legal context.[1][7]
Research on gerontophilia is limited to a small number of case studies, beginning with a
paper by French physician Charles Féré in 1905. Féré described a 27-year-old man who
rejected an arranged marriage with a 20-year-old "beauty" in favor of a 62-year-old
woman.[1] Such studies commonly report that the subject had an early sexual
experience with a much older woman.[6]

N. Mysophilia: Mysophilia refers to sexual urges, arousal or fantasies involving touching

soiled underwear or foul smells. More detailed information about the symptoms, causes,
and treatments of Mysophilia

O. Hypoxyphilia-. sexual fantasy involving arousal obtained by reduction of oxygen flow to

the brain. It is a paraphilia usually involving one person alone (i.e., autoerotic asphyxia)
but occasionally involving sexual partners (i.e., asphyxophilia). Methods and tools used to
achieve arousal include, among others, strangulation by rope, smothering by means of a
plastic bag over the head, hanging, and breathing in an anesthetic. Highly dangerous,
hypoxyphilia results in numerous fatalities.

GENDER IDENTITY DISORDER (transsexualism)

-gender identity disorder exist when a person experience confusion, vagueness or

conflict in his\her feelings about his\her own sexual identity. It is condition in which the
individual feels trapped in a body of the wrong sex. A person who is anatomically male
feels that he is actually a woman who somehow was given the wrong body is an example
of this.

Category of sexual abnormalities

1. heterosexual - a person who is sexually or romantically attracted to people of the

opposite sex : a heterosexual person
2. Homosexual - person who is sexually or romantically attracted to people of their
same sex : a gay person and especially a male gay person

Kinds of homosexual

A. overt - person who is sexually or romantically attracted to people of their same sex
: a gay person and especially a male gay person

31
B. Latent - is an erotic attraction toward members of the same sex that is not
consciously experienced or expressed in overt action. This may mean a hidden
inclination or potential for interest in homosexual relationships, which is either
suppressed or not recognized, and which has not yet been explored, or may never be
explored.
The term was originally proposed by Sigmund Freud. Some argue that latent
homosexuality is a potentially iatrogenic effect (that is, it is not present until suggested by
a therapist).[1] Others argue that the term latent is not truly applicable in the case of
homosexual urges, since they are often not in the unconscious or unexpressed category,
but rather exist in the conscious mind and are (often violently) repressed on a conscious
level.
3. infANTOSEXUAL - sexual desire towards immature person. Pedophilia-person who
have a compulsive desire to have sexual intercourse with a child of either sex.

4. Bestosexual - Bestiality Sexual ... An act expanding the definition of the crime of
Rape, Reclassifying the same as a crime against person .Amending for the ..

5. Autosexual (self gratification or masturbation) - Simply put, being autosexual is

feeling a sexual attraction toward yourself, as sex and relationship expert Carmel
Jones explains. The term is often also brought up with “autoromantic,” which refers to a
romantic attraction to yourself, whereas “autosexual” is just the sexual component.

Autosexuality could look like a person who prefers to masturbate instead of having
sexual intercourse with another person, explains Megwyn White, director of education for
Satisfyer.

Autosexuality is often associated with narcissism, but experts agree that’s not an
accurate way of thinking about autosexuality. “This is not the same as narcissistic
personality disorder, as narcissists require admiration and attention from others and lack
empathy,” White explains. Instead, “people who identify as autosexual are able to
have relationships with others but have a preference for sex with themselves.”
TYPES OF MATURBATION

1. GERONTOPHILIA - is an “erotic age orientation” in which one is most strongly

aroused by the elderly, and so it is at the opposite end of the spectrum from pedophilia.
In fact, perhaps the most bizarre theory concerning its etiological (or clinical) origins was
put forth, without any supporting data, by the British psychiatrist T. C. Gibbens in 1982.
This inventive author argued that gerontophiles are likely to have underlying pedophilic
tendencies as well, with both paraphilias stemming from a phobia of pubic hair.

2. NECROPHILIA - also known as necrophilism, necrolagnia, necrocoitus, necrochlesis,

and thanatophilia, is sexual attraction towards or a sexual act involving corpses.

3. INCEST - is the crime of two members of the same family having sexual intercourse,
for example a father and daughter, or a brother and sister.

32
Sexual abnormalities

1. sodomy - buggery (British English) is generally anal or oral sex between people or
sexual activity between a person and a non-human animal (bestiality), but it may also
mean any non-procreative sexual activity.[1][2][3] Originally, the term sodomy, which
is derived from the story of Sodom and Gomorrah in the Book of Genesis,[4] was
commonly restricted to anal sex.[5][6] Sodomy laws in many countries criminalized
the behavior.[6][7] In the Western world, many of these laws have been overturned or
are not routinely enforced.

2. Uranism - a homosexual condition especially when involving physically normal males.

3. Frottage (frotteurism) - the paraphiliac practice of achieving sexual stimulation or

orgasm by touching and rubbing against a person without the person's consent and
usually in a public place. — called also frottage.

4. Partialism - is a sexual interest with a focus on a specific part of the body. This can
be any part of the body, such as the hair, breasts, or buttocks. The most common
form of partialism is podophilia, in which a person becomes sexually aroused by feet.

VICTIMOLOGY

-victimology is the study of crime victims. It’s a subset of criminology, the study of
crime. People who study victimology, or victimization, examine the psychological effects
of crimes on the victims, the interactions between victims and the criminal justice system
and the relationships between victims and offenders. Modern theories of victimology try
to explain why some are more likely than other to become victims of a crime.

33
 THEORIES OF VICTIMOLOGY

Various theories of victimology exist, each with the aim of explaining why certain
people become victims of crimes, and why others do not. Some people view some
theories in a negative light, believing that to conjecture as to the causes of
victimization is tantamount to blaming the victim for crime, at least
[Link] lifestyle/exposure theory is a model of victimology that posits that the
likelihood an individual will suffer a personal victimization depends heavily upon the
concept of life style. Most victims are victimised at night. The lifestyle theory is
constructed upon several premises. The most important of the premises are:

• The uneven distribution of criminal victimization across space and time. This
translates to the occurrence of high-risk places and high-risk times.
• Offenders do not constitute a representative sample of the general population. This
translates to the occurrence of high-risk persons.
• Lifestyle determines the likelihood of personal victimization through the intervening
variables of exposure and association.
• People are not equally exposed to high-risk places and times, and they vary in the
degree to which they associate with high-risk persons. This translates to a persons
lifestyle influencing the exposure and association with low-risk persons.[1]

1. Victim Precipitation Theory

"According to victim precipitation theory, some people may actually initiate the
confrontation that eventually leads to their injury or death."

Examples:

"In 1971, Menachem Amir suggested female rape victims often contribute to their
attacks by... pursuing a relationship with the rapist."

"A woman may become the target of domestic violence when she increases her
job status and her success results in a backlash from a jealous spouse or partner."

Victim Impulsivity:

34
 "A number of research efforts have found that both male and female victims have
an impulsive personality that might render them abrasive and obnoxious,
characteristics that might incite victimization."

"It is possible that impulsive people are not only antagonistic and therefore more
likely to become targets, but they also are risk takers who get involved in
dangerous situations and fail to take precautions."

2. Lifestyle Theory

"Some criminologists believe people may become crime victims because their
lifestyle increases their exposure to criminal offenders."

Examples:

"Single women who drink frequently and have a prior history of being sexually
assaulted are most likely to be assaulted on [college] campus."
"People who belong to groups that have an extremely risky life—homeless,
runaways, drug users—are at high risk for victimization; the more time they are
exposed to street life, the greater their risk of becoming crime victims."

3. Deviant Place Theory

"The more often victims visit dangerous places, the more likely they will be
exposed to crime and violence. Victims do not encourage crime, but are victim
prone because they reside in socially disorganized high-crime areas where
they have the greatest risk of coming into contact with criminal offenders,
irrespective of their own behavior or lifestyle."

4. Routine Activities Theory

"...the volume and distribution of predatory crime (violent crimes against a person
and crimes in which an offender attempts to steal an object directly) are closely
related to the interaction of three variables that reflect the routine activities of the
typical American lifestyle:"

1.

"The availability of suitable targets, such as homes containing easily saleable

goods."

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 2. 3.

"The absence of capable guardians, such as police, homeowners, neighbors,

friends, and relatives." "Even the most desperate criminal might hesitate to attack
a well-defended target." "[A]n undefended yet attractive target (not referring to
sexual) becomes an irresistible objective for motivated criminals."

4.

5.

"The presence of motivated offenders, such as a large number of unemployed

teenagers."

Three areas within of study within victimology include the following:

Victim Precipitation Theory

The victim precipitation theory suggests that the characteristics of the victim precipitate
the crime. That is, a criminal could single out a victim because the victim is of a certain
ethnicity, race, sexual orientation, gender or gender identity.

This theory does not only involve hate crimes directed at specific groups of people. It
might also involve occupations or activities. For example, someone who is opposed to
his or her views may target a political activist. An employee may target a recently
promoted employee if he or she believes they deserved the promotion.

Lifestyle Theory

Lifestyle theory suggests that certain people may become the victims of crimes because
of their lifestyles and choices. For example, someone with a gambling or substance
addiction could be as an “easy victim” by a con artist.

Walking alone at night in a dangerous area, conspicuously wearing expensive jewelry,

leaving doors unlocked and associating with known criminals are other lifestyle
characteristics that may lead to victimization.

Deviant Place Theory

There is some overlap between the lifestyle theory and the deviant place theory. The
deviant place theory states that an individual is more likely to become the victim of a
crime when exposed to dangerous areas. In other words, a mugger is more likely to
target a person walking alone after dark in a bad neighborhood. The more frequently a
person ventures into bad neighborhoods where violent crime is common, the greater the
risk of victimization.

There is also some overlap between the deviant place theory and socioeconomic
approaches to victimization. Low-income households are more likely to be located in or
near dangerous areas of town, and individuals from poor socioeconomic backgrounds
are less capable of moving away from these dangerous areas.

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Victimology, threat assessment and criminal behavior are just a few of the topics you will
study in Grand Canyon University’s Bachelor of Science in Justice
Studies degree program. This program is offered by the College of Humanities and
Social Sciences and provides a solid framework that students can draw from as they
pursue rewarding careers in the criminal justice field. Begin your academic journey today
by visiting our website or clicking on the Request More Information on this page.

What Is Forensic Psychology and What Is Victimology?

Forensic psychology, simply put, is where psychology and the criminal justice system
meet. Those with forensic psychology jobs use the scientific principles of psychology to
perform a wide variety of roles, such as assisting crime scene investigators, counseling
inmates at correctional facilities, consulting with defense attorneys and prosecutors,
helping design crime-prevention programs, and more.

Victimology is the scientific study of the psychological effects of crime and the
relationship between victims and offender. It examines victim patterns and tendencies;
studies how victims interact with the police and the legal system; and analyzes how
factors of class, race, and sexual orientation affect the perception of the victim by
different constituents, including the public, the court system, and the media.

How Does Victimology Help the Practice of Forensic Psychology?

The field of victimology is providing forensic psychology professionals with new

understandings they can apply to multiple areas of the criminal justice system.
Victimology is helping improve:

Crime Prevention

Certain risk factors can make you more likely to be a victim of crime. These include
everything from your age to your income level—and those risk factors can change
depending on the type of crime. Victimology studies these risk factors and forensic
psychology professionals use the research to help government agencies and nonprofits
develop programs aimed at decreasing the risks of crime among high-risk groups.

Law Enforcement

Often, a member of law enforcement is the first person a victim interacts with after a
crime. Forensic psychology professionals can use victimology research to help prepare
law enforcement professionals for encounters with victims, training them on how to
respond with appropriate empathy while also obtaining vital details about the crime.
Forensic psychology professionals can also use research on victim risk factors to help
local police and law enforcement agencies better serve vulnerable communities. In
addition, some forensic psychology professionals choose victim specialist positions within
state and federal government that specifically deal with victims. This isn’t a counseling
role, but rather an opportunity to provide assistance and resources to victims in need.

Corrections

When dealing with convicted criminals, forensic psychology professionals regularly

address the relationship between a criminal and his or her victim. Victimology gives these
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psychology professionals a better understanding of those relationships and the
psychological impact of crime, which can help them provide more effective feedback and,
ultimately, reduce recidivism.

Criminal Prosecution

The victim of a crime is often a witness in the trial of the accused. In cases where the
victim isn’t required to appear in court, but is allowed to provide testimony, forensic
psychology professionals can use victimology research to guide forensic interviews
designed to ensure the accuracy of testimony. In cases where the victim will appear in
court, forensic psychology professionals can help defense attorneys, prosecutors, and
court officers relate appropriately to these victims. They can also help attorneys choose
effective cross-examination questions.

Types Of Victimization

Who is a Victim?

A victim is a person who suffers direct or threatened physical, emotional or financial harm
as a result of an act by someone else, which is a crime.

Types of Victimization (click term to view definition)

• Sexual Misconduct
• Rape
• Sexual Touching
• Sexual Harassment
• Stalking
• Physical Assault/Battery
• Dating/Relationship/Domestic Violence
• Theft
• Threat of Harm

Sexual Misconduct is an umbrella term that includes any non-consensual sexual activity
that is committed by force or fear or mental or physical incapacitation, including through
the use of alcohol or drugs. Sexual misconduct can vary in its severity and consists of a
range of behavior, including rape, statutory rape (sexual contact with a person under 18
years old), sexual touching, sexual exploitation, sexual harassment, and conduct
suggestive of attempting to commit any of the aforementioned acts.

Engaging in any sexual activity, clear consent must be given.

Rape - Rape is the sexual penetration (however slight) of the victim’s vagina, mouth, or
rectum without consent. Rape involves penetration with (a) the use of force/fear or the
threat of force/fear; or (b) with a person who is otherwise incapable of giving consent,

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including situations where the individual is under the influence of alcohol or drugs and
this condition was or should have reasonably been known to the accused.

Sexual Touching- Sexual touching, also known as sexual battery, is the act of making
unwanted and sexually offensive contact (clothed or unclothed) with an intimate body part
of another person or action, which causes immediate apprehension that sexual touch will
occur. Intimate body parts include sexual organs, the anus, the groin, breasts or buttocks
of any person. Sexual touching includes situations in which the accused engages in the
contacts described with a person who is incapable of giving consent.

Sexual Exploitation- Sexual exploitation is the taking advantage of a nonconsenting

person or situation for personal benefit or gratification or for the benefit of anyone other
than the alleged victim; and the behavior does not constitute rape, sexual touching or
sexual harassment. Sexual exploitation includes, but is not limited to:

· Photographing or making audio or video recordings of sexual activity without consent;

· Dissemination of images or recordings without consent of the participant(s);
· Allowing others to observe sexual activity without the knowledge or consent of the
partner;
· Voyeurism (peeping tom);
· Knowingly transmitting a sexually transmitted infection or HIV to another student;
· Prostituting another person;
· Giving alcohol or other drugs to another student with the intention of rending him or her
incapable of giving consent.

Sexual Harassment- Sexual Harassment is any unwelcome sexual conduct or behavior

that creates an intimidating, hostile or offensive working or educational environment. A
comprehensive list of prohibited behaviors can be found in the Tiger Lore.

Stalking- Stalking is prohibited. It is willful, malicious and repeated following of a person

or harassing behaviors against another person, putting the person in reasonable fear for
his or her personal safety, or the safety of his or her family. This includes use of notes,
mail, gifts, communication technology (e.g. voicemail, text messages, internet and social
networking sites - using any electronic or telecommunication is also known as
cyberstalking) to harass or convey a threat. This offense may also be treated as a type of
sexual misconduct in certain situations.

Physical Assault/Battery - Physical assault or battery is prohibited. It is to touch or

strike a person against his or her will or to threaten violence against that person.

Dating/Relationship/Domestic Violence- Dating/Relationship/Domestic Violence is

prohibited. This type of violence may be emotional, verbal, physical and/or sexual abuse
by an intimate partner, family members or parties in a dating relationship.

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Theft - Theft is the unlawful and unauthorized removal of any personal property for ones
own use.

Threat of Harm – Conveyances of threats, which result in, or may result in, harm to any
person by willful and deliberate means is prohibited.

For other types of crimes please contact the Department of Public Safety at
209.946.2537.

(d) Victimology in a more wider contextJohn P. J. Dussich 4 in his article

Victimology - past, present and future presented at 131 st International Senior
Seminar as Visiting Experts’ Papers, described the following key concepts of
Victimology in a wider context as follows-. 4 Associate Professor, Criminology
Department, California State University U.S.A 27

1. “Victim” has its roots in the early religious notions of suffering, sacrifice and death.
This concept of “victim” was well known in the ancient civilizations, especially in
Babylonia, Palestine, Greece, and Rome. In each of these civilizations the law mandated
that the victim should be recognized as a person, who deserved to be made whole again
by the offender.

2. “Crime victim” is a person who has been physically, financially or emotionally injured
and/or had their property taken or damaged by someone committing a crime.1

3. “Victimogenesis” refers to the origin or cause of a victimization, the constellation of

variables which, caused a victimization to occur.

4. “Victim Precipitation” a victimization where the victim causes, in part or totally, their
own victimization.

5. “Vulnerability” is a physical, psychological, social, material or financial condition

whereby a person or an object has a weakness which could render them a victim if
another person or persons would recognize these weaknesses and take advantage of
them.

6. “General Victim” is a person who has been physieafiy, financially or emotionally

injured and/or had their property taken or damaged by someone, an event, an
organization or a natural phenomenon.

7. “Victimization” refers to an event where persons, communities and institutions are

damaged or injured in a significant way. Those persons who are impacted by persons
or events suffer a violation of rights or significant disruption of their well-being. 28

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8. “Victimology” is an academic scientific discipline which studies data that describes
phenomena and causal relationships related to victimizations. This includes events
leading to the victimization, the victim’s experience, its aftermath and the actions taken
by society in response to these victimizations. Therefore, Victimology includes the
study of the precursors, vulnerabilities, events, impacts, recoveries, and responses by
people, organizations and cultures related to victimizations.
9. “Abuse of Power” is the violation of a national or international standard in the use of
organized powerful forces such that persons are injured physically, mentally,
emotionally, economically, or in their rights, as a direct and intentional result of the
misapplication of these forces.

10. “Victim Assistance, Support or Services” are those activities which are
applied in response to victimizations with the intention of relieving suffering and
facilitating recovery. This includes offering information, assessments, individual
interventions, case advocacy, system advocacy, public policy and programme
development.

RATING GUIDE
(This Rating Guide will be utilized in scoring individual output and performance. Take
time to read and understand the content of the rating guide.)

NEEDS
CRITERIA EXCELLENT SATISFACTORY
IMPROVEMENT
CONTEXT / IDEAS
Include verifiable The ideas are full, There are ideas but There is no idea and
ideas and detailed and well not detailed and collaboration at all.
elaboration of elaborated. slightly elaborated.
answers. (10 Points) ( 8 Points) (6 Points)

ORGANIZATION
The ideas are well The ideas are slightly The ideas have not
Include chronological
organized and organized and has organized and
presentation of ideas.
presented. good presentation. presented.
(5 Points) ( 4 points) (2 Points)
GRAMMAR AND There are no grammar There are slight There are lots of
PUNCTUATION errors, an grammar errors, has grammar errors and
Include correctness excellent choice of good choice of words poor choice of words.
of grammar, choice words and and some misuse of Punctuation marks are
of words and use of punctuation marks are punctuation marks. inappropriately used.
appropriate appropriately used. (2 Points)
punctuation marks. (5 Points) (3 points)

TOTAL SCORE

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Rated by: _______________________________ Date Rated: ___________ Score:
_______

Activities and exercises

Week 14 -18

Essay : elaborate or explain the question below. Write your answer below the
question

1. Distinguish Cannon- bard from James lange theory of emotion. ( 10pts)

2. Clearly describe or compare depression from frustration and conflict from stress.
(10pts)

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3. Differentiate between anxiety disorder from fear.(10pts)

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