Energy Department.
Faculty of Engineering, Mataria, Helwan University
Energy Conservation and Management, ENE405
كلية الهندسة ـ المطرية
Energy Sources
Three categories:
Fossil fuels
Renewable sources
Nuclear sources.
Burning fuel releases energy stored as heat.
- Fossil Fuels
Power Generation
- Fossil Fuels
Good availability, Large supplies are still available.
Most reliable source of energy
Simple combustion process can directly generate electricity.
Large amounts of energy are produced by a single station.
Power plants that utilizes gas are very efficient.
Relatively Cheap.
Easily distributed and transported.
Income from sale can help the economy of the country.
- Fossil Fuels
Probable contributor to global warming.
Takes too long to reproduce itself, non renewable.
Coal create a huge amount of smoke when burned.
Cause of acid rain.
Produces emissions, they are not at all environment friendly
Destruction of huge places because of their mining
Price swings based on politics of oil regions.
Hydroelectric Energy
Dam
Hydroelectric Energy
Dam
-Hydroelectric Energy
Inexhaustible source.
The plant is simple in construction, robust and required low
maintenance.
It can be put in the service instantly.
Minimal environmental impact. Quit neat and clean.
Viable source--relatively useful levels of energy production.
-Hydroelectric Energy
Smaller models depend on availability of fast flowing streams
or rivers, hydrology dependent.
They are site specific, the plant can not be built in anywhere.
High investment costs
Run-of-the-River plants can impact the mobility of fish and
other river-life. NOTE: Building a fish ladder can lessen this
negative aspect of hydroelectric power.
In some cases, displacement of local populations.
-Solar Energy
-Solar Energy
-Solar Energy
-Solar Energy
Is completely renewable source.
Inexhaustible fuel source. No pollution.
Reduce costs to stabilize the environment.
Makes absolutely no noise at all.
Very low running cost.
Solar powered homes and buildings received a reduced utility
bill of at least 40-80%.
Often an excellent supplement to other renewable sources.
Is used for powering items as diverse as solar cars and satellites.
-Solar Energy
Very diffuse source means low energy production--large numbers of
solar panels (and thus large land areas) are required to produce
useful amounts of heat or electricity.
• Only areas of the world with lots of sunlight are suitable for solar
power generation.
• High initial investment.
• Low power density.
• No solar at night & cloud days. Unreliable.
• Expensive battery, DC equipment are expensive.
-Wind Energy
-Wind Energy
• Inexhaustible fuel source.
• No pollution.
• Often an excellent supplement to
other renewable sources.
-Wind Energy
• Very diffuse source means low energy
production--large numbers of wind
generators (and thus large land areas) are
required to produce useful amounts of heat
or electricity.
• Only areas of the world with lots of wind are
suitable for wind power generation.
• Relatively expensive to maintain.
-Biomass Energy
-Biomass Energy
-Biomass Energy
-Biomass Energy
Theoretically inexhaustible fuel source.
Minimal environmental impact.
Alcohols and other fuels produced by biomass
are efficient, viable, and relatively clean-
burning.
Available throughout the world.
-Biomass Energy
Could contribute a great deal to global warming and
particulate pollution if directly burned.
Still an expensive source, both in terms of producing
the biomass and converting it to alcohols.
On a small scale there is most likely a net loss of
energy.
The center of the earth can reach 6000 oC
-Geothermal Energy
Hot spring
Geyser
•Crust is heated by the decay of radioactive elements.
•Some of the heat reaches the surface and manifests
itself in geysers and hot springs.
-Geothermal Energy
• Theoretically inexhaustible energy source
• No pollution
• Often an excellent supplement to other renewable
sources
• Does not require structures such as solar panels or
windmills.
• Can be directly used to heat or produce electricity
(thus very cheap)
-Geothermal Energy
• Not available in many locations
• Not much power per vent
• Squashing two nuclei into one
• Tritium and Deuterium
• Relatively powerful energy source
• There is 1 deuterium atom in every 6500 hydrogen
atoms in ordinary seawater
• Tritium can be bred from lithium, an element
common in the earth's crust.
• The fuel for fusion reactions are readily available.
• Deuterium and Tritium are virtually inexhaustible.
• Does not emit harmful toxins into the atmosphere.
• Fusion has no nuclear waste.
• Scientists have not yet been able to contain a fusion
reaction long enough to be a net energy gain.
• Many countries are phasing out fusion research
because of the failure to reach a breakthrough
• Nuclear fission involves the splitting of a heavy
element into lighter elements.
• Relatively little fuel is needed.
• The fuel is relatively inexpensive and available in
trace amounts around the world.
• Fission is not believed to contribute to global
warming or other pollution effects.
• Possibility of nuclear meltdown from uncontrolled
reaction leads to nuclear fallout with potentially
harmful effects on civilians.
• Waste products can be used to manufacture weapons
• High initial cost because plant requires containment
safeguards
• Potential Energy
• Kinetic Energy
• Heat Energy
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Thank You
•Any questions ?