UNIT 6: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

TOPIC VOCABULARY IN CONTRAST

WORDS ENGLISH MEANING EXAMPLE VIETNAMESE
MEANING
1. artificial made by people, often as an artificial lake (adj) nhân tạo, giả
/,ɑ:ti'fi∫l/ a copy of something (hoa, đồ dùng)
natural
2. false /'fɔ:ls/ not real, but made to false eyelashes/ (adj) giả
look or seem real teeth
2. natural as found in nature and Floods and earthquakes (adj) tự nhiên
/'næt∫rəl/ not involving anything are natural disasters.
made or done by people
3. physical relating to the body physical exercise/fitness/ (adj) liên quan tới
/'fizikl/ strength/disabilities cơ thể
4. true right and not wrong; Is it true that Mariana (adj) thật
/truː/ correct and Mark are getting married?
5. accurate correct, exact, and The figures they have used are (adj) chính xác
/ˈæk.jə.rət/ without any mistakes just not accurate.
6. method a particular way of doing The new teaching methods (n) phương pháp
/ˈmeθ.əd/ something encourage children to think
for themselves.
7. way a particular choice, I like the way you've (n) cách thức
/weɪ/ opinion, belief, done your hair.
or action, especially
from among
several possibilities
8. engine a machine that uses My car's been having (n) động cơ chạy
/ˈen.dʒɪn/ the energy from liquid engine trouble recently. bằng nhiên liệu
fuel or steam to
produce movement
9. machine a piece of equipment Don't forget to put (n) máy móc
/məˈʃiːn/ with several moving the towels in the
parts that uses machine ( washing machine) b
power to do a efore you go out.
particular type of work
10. motor a device that changes The pump is powered by (n) động cơ chạy
/ˈməʊ.tər/ electricity or fuel into a small electric motor. bằng pin
movement and makes
a machine work.
11. aim a result that your plans My main aim in life is to be a (n) mục tiêu
/eɪm/ or actions are intended good husband and father.
to achieve:
12. cause /kɔːz/ the reason why The police are (n) nguyên nhân
something, especially still trying to establish the
something bad, cause of the fire.
happens
13. reason the cause of The reason for the disaster was (n) lý do
/ˈriː.zən/ an event or situation or engine failure, not human error.
something
that provides an excuse
or explanation
14. estimate to guess or calculate the c They (v) ước lượng
/ˈes.tɪ.meɪt/ ost, size, value, etc. of estimate (that) the journey
something will take at least two weeks.

15. calculate to judge the number or a The cost of (v) tính toán
/ˈkæ[Link]ə.leɪt/ mount of something by the damage caused by
using the the recent storms has been
information that you calculated as/at over £5
already have, and million.
adding, taking away,
multiplying, or
 dividing numbers
16. electric relating to electricity Our electric bill for July was (adj) liên quan đến
/iˈ[Link]ɪk/ $115 điện
17. electronic using, based on, or used an electronic keyboard/game (adj) liên quan đến
/ˌ[Link]ˈtrɒn.ɪk/ in a system of thiết bị điện
operation that involves th
e control of
electric current by
various devices
18. invent to design and/or create so The first safety razor was (v) phát minh
/ɪnˈvent/ mething that has never invented by company
been made before founder King C. Gillette in
1903.

19. discover to find information, Who discovered America? (v) khám phá
/dɪˈskʌv.ər/ a place, or
an object, especially for
the first time
20. research a detailed study of His researches in (v) (n) nghiên cứu
/rɪˈsɜːtʃ/ a subject, especially in the field of disease
/ˈriː.sɜːtʃ/ order to discover (new) i prevention produced
nformation or reach a unexpected results.
(new) understanding
21. experiment a test done Some people believe that (n) thí nghiệm
/ɪkˈsper.ɪ.mənt/ in order to learn experiments on animals
something or should be banned.
to discover if
something works or
is true
22. progress movement to an Technological progress has (n) tiến bộ
/ˈprəʊ.ɡres/ improved or more been so rapid over the last
few years
 developed state, or to
a forward position
22. development the process in which The documentary traced the (n) sự phát triển
/dɪˈvel.əp.mənt/ someone or development of popular (sự thay đổi, lớn
something grows or music through the ages. lên, đạt được
changes and becomes những thành tựu to
more advanced lớn)
23. modern existing in the present modern life (adj) hiện đại
/ˈmɒd.ən/ or a recent time, or
using or based on
recently developed
ideas, methods, or styles
24. new /njuː/ recently created or What have (adj) mới
having started to exist they decided to name the
recently new baby?
25. industry the companies and The city needs to attract (n) công nghiệp
/ˈɪn.də.stri/ activities involved in more industry.
the process of
producing goods for
sale, especially in
a factory or special area
26. factory a building or set a car/shoe/textile factory (n) nhà máy
/'fæktəri/ of buildings where large
amounts of goods are
made using machines
27. award to give money or a prize Carlos was awarded (n) giải thưởng
/ə'wɔ:d/ following an official first prize in the essay
decision competition
28. reward something given in There's a reward (n) phần thưởng
/ri'wɔ:d/ exchange for good for whoever
behaviour or good finishes first.
work, etc.
29. take place (especially of accidents a An accident involving over (n) diễn ra
/teɪk pleɪs/ nd other unexpected ten vehicles has occurred in the
= occur /əˈkɜːr/ events) to happen east-bound lane.

PHRASAL VERBS

WORDS ENGLISH MEANING EXAMPLE VIETNAMES

E MEANING
1. break down If a machine or vehicle Our car broke down and we Hỏng
breaks down, it stops had to push it off the road.
working
2. carry out Perform experiment The hospital is carrying Tiến hành
out tests to find out
what's wrong with her.
3. come off to happen as planned, or I tried telling a (= succeed) :
to succeed few jokes but they didn't thành công
come off (= no
one laughed).

4. come on Develop or make progress Come on, Helen, you cố lên, phát
can tell me. I won't triển, tiến bộ
tell anyone.
5. come up with to suggest or think of She's come up with nghĩ ra
an idea or plan some amazing scheme to
double her income.
6. cut off the act of stopping the The US has announced a cut cô lập, cắt
supply of something off of military aid to nguồn cung
the country. cấp cái gì
(điện, nước)
7. find out Discover information Visit our website to find out tìm ra
more.
8. give off to produce heat, light, That tiny radiator doesn't tỏa ra
a smell, or a gas give off much heat.
9. narrow down to make a number or list of We narrowed the list of can thu hẹp
things smaller, by removing didates down from ten to thr
the things that are least ee.
important, necessary,
or suitable
10. plug in to become connected to The keyboard plugs in at the cắm điện
a piece of electrical back of the computer.
equipment or to the main
electricity supply
11. put through to connect a person using Could you put me nối máy
a phone to the person through to customer servies,
they want to speak to please?
12. turn into to change or develop from Rain in the morning will chuyển thành
one thing to another turn into snow during
the afternoon
13. turn off to stop a piece of equipment Will you turn the tắt
working temporarily by television off, please?
pressing a button or
by moving a switch
14. work out if something works out to It'll work out cheaper to tìm ra cách
something, you calculate that travel by bus. giải quyết
it will be a particular amount

PHRASES AND COLLOCATIONS

WORDS ENGLISH MEANING EXAMPLE VIETNAMES
E MEANING
make an attempt at sth/ It amazes me they can even make an nỗ lực ở cái gì /
v_ing attempt at competing with some of việc gì
the bigger rugby nations.
 make an attempt to do However, when they make an nỗ lực để làm
Attempt attempt to do so, he mocks them as gì
being dumb.
attempt to do Cecilia didn't attempt to reply. nỗ lực làm gì
in an attempt to do Principles of tissue engineering are trong sự nỗ lực
used today in an attempt làm gì
to reconstruct damaged human
tissue.
Average on average On average they have eight years' trung bình
experience.
in the beginning In the beginning he was so great lúc đầu
at the beginning of sth That was at the beginning of this phần đầu của
Beginning
year. cái gì
beginning with Use 'an' before words beginning bắt đầu với
with a vowel.
at/on the bottom of sth The car on the bottom of the lake ở dưới
Bottom was hooked in and hoisted on to the cùng/đáy của
bank. cái gì
be the cause of sth Could they be the cause of the là nguyên nhân
problem, by contaminating the của cái gì
Cause water?
find/look for the cause of The experts would look for any tìm nguyên
sth pathology or other nhân của cái gì
evidence of the cause of death.
come to/reach the Or he could come to the đi đến kết luận
conclusion that conclusion that he didn't want to go là
out with an injury
Conclusion
in conclusion In conclusion, I would like to say kết luận
that being a ruminator does have
some upside.
 do/perform/conduct/ It is supposed to carry out an thực hiện thí
carry out an experiment on experiment for the Strategic nghiệm trên cái
sth Defense Initiative next month, gì
gathering data on the appearance of
rocket plumes in space.
experiment with Try this experiment with a group of thí nghiệm với
sth/ v_ing your friends or family and see what cái gì /việc gì
happens.
in fact In fact, it is up for a Crunchies trên thực tế
Fact
award this year for Best Interent
application
as a matter of fact But as a matter of fact, the students thực tế là
have to learn autonomy during this
period.
the fact of the matter is Fact of the matter is that these sự thật của vấn
that should have been the best of đề là
times for farmers.
face the fact(s) that I just had to face the fact that not đối mặt với sự
everyone is cut out to be a stay at thật rằng
home mom.
with the introduction of This year Apple came in sự giới thiệu/ ra
first with the introduction of its đời của cái gì
Introduction iPad tablet computer.

an introduction to sth/sb He didn't turn into a handsome một sự giới

prince but what an introduction thiệu về ai / cái
to the Kimberley. gì
make a phone call Just make a phone call to the Gọi điện
support line and you've got it
solved.
 Phone call receive a phone call Once I recieved a phone call for nhận một cuộc
someone who used to have my gọi
number, and they were convinced i
was this dude named Frederic and i
had to tell them repeatedly it wasn't
me.
Photo(graph) take a photo of sth/sb While they were parked, the chụp ai/ chụp
woman decided she would cái gì
take a photo of Willard Bay.
Research do/perform/conduct/carry Experimental cognitive thực hiện
out research on/into sth psychologists carry out research on nghiên cứu về
reasoning behaviour. cái gì

WORD PATTERNS
WORDS EXAMPLE VIETNAMESE
MEANING
1. cause something to do World Peace's injury may cause nguyên nhân ...
Bryant to reinvent himself yet again this
season.
2. consider somebody for Because they haven't been reviewed yet, I cân nhắc ai đó cho việc gì
something couldn't consider them for the Top 10.
3. discuss something with I look forward to an opportunity thảo luận vấn đề với ai
somebody to discuss this with you further in the
future.
4. explain something to It can be quite difficult to explain giải thích điều gì cho ai đó
somebody this to someone with learning disabilities
5. intend to do, doing I can honestly say that I've never been on có ý định làm gì
a diet and never intend to go on one.
6. know about something Parents say they didn't know about the $8- biết về điều gì
million project until it was approved.
7. know of somebody Finally, let me say that I know of many biết nhiều về
marriages that have survived infidelity.
8. look at When the bus comes to a stop nhìn
you look at the building and realize where
you are.
9. look for He plans to travel and look for a position tìm kiếm
as a part-time university instructor.
10. look forward to + V-ing Thank you for a lovely holiday and mong đợi
we look forward to travelling with you
again.
11. plan to do It is our plan to create jobs now and lên kế hoạch để
sustain economic growth for years to
come.
12. manage to do How did you manage to take notes while cố gắng xoay xở để làm,
participating in all of those activities? thanh công
13. possible to do It will no longer be possible to convince có thể làm gì
the oppressed that they are powerless.
14. result of something The requirement to file is the result of a kết quả của
tax law change that occurred in 2006.
15. wonder about If you are below a certain age, you may Băn khoăn về điều gì
something hear this and wonder about it sometimes

WORD FORMS

1. appear /əˈpɪər/ (v) hóa ra, có vẻ, dường như

2. appearance /əˈpɪə.rəns/ (n) vẻ bề ngoài
3. apparent(ly) /əˈpær.ənt/ (adj) (adv) rõ ràng, dễ hiểu, hiển nhiên
4. build /bɪld/ (v) xây dựng
5. building /ˈbɪl.dɪŋ/ (n) tòa nhà
6. discover /dɪˈskʌv.ər/ (v) phát hiện, khám phá
7. discovery /dɪˈskʌv.ər.i/ (n) sự phát hiện
8. explain /ɪkˈspleɪn/ (v) giải thích
9. explanation /ˌ[Link]əˈneɪ.ʃən/ (n) lời giải thích
10. (un)important /ˌʌn.ɪmˈpɔː.tənt/ (adj) (không) quan trọng
11. importance /ɪmˈpɔː.təns/ (n) sự quan trọng
12. introduce /ˌɪ[Link]əˈdʒuːs/ (v) giới thiệu
13. introduction /ˌɪ[Link]əˈdʌk.ʃən/ (n) lời giới thiệu, sự ra đời…
14. introductory /ˌɪ[Link]əˈdʌk.tər.i/ (adj) để giới thiệu, mở đầu
15. observe /əbˈzɜːv/ (v) quan sát
16. observer /əbˈzɜː.vər/ (n) người quan sát
17. observation /ˌɒb.zəˈveɪ.ʃən/ (n) sự quan sát,
18. psychology /saɪˈkɒl.ə.dʒi/ (n) tâm lý học
19. psychological /ˌsaɪ.kəlˈɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl/ (adj) thuộc về tâm lý
20. psychologist /saɪˈkɒl.ə.dʒɪst/ (n) nhà tâm lý học
21. research /rɪˈsɜːtʃ/ /ˈriː.sɜːtʃ/ (v) nghiên cứu
22. researcher /rɪˈsɜː.tʃər/ (n) nhà nghiên cứu
23. revolution /ˌrev.əˈluː.ʃən/ (n) cách mạng
24. revolutionary /ˌrev.əˈluː.ʃən.ər.i/ (adj) mang tinh cách mạng
25. science /ˈsaɪ.əns/ (n) khoa học
26. scientist /ˈsaɪən.tɪst/ (n) nhà khoa học
27. (un)scientific /ˌʌ[Link]ɪənˈtɪf.ɪk/ (adj) (không) có tính khoa học
28. (un)scientifically /ʌnˌsaɪənˈtɪf.ɪ.kəl.i/ (adv) (không) một cách khoa học
29. technology /tekˈnɒl.ə.dʒi/ (n) công nghệ
30. technical /ˈtek.nɪ.kəl/ (adj) thuộc về kĩ thuật
31. technician /tekˈnɪʃ.ən/ (n) chuyên viên kĩ thuật
32. technological /ˌtek.nəˈlɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl/ (adj) liên quan đến công nghệ
33. technique /tekˈniːk/ (n) kĩ thuật
34. wood /wʊd/ (n) gỗ
35. wooden /ˈwʊd.ən/ (adj) bằng gỗ