UNDERSTANDING
THE SELF
MARJORIE N. SUNIGA
Instructor I
MMSU-CIT
COLLEGE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY Department of Industrial Technology
• Lesson 1. Philosophy and
the Question: “Who am I?”
THE SELF • Lesson 2: The Social Self:
FROM The Self as Product of
Modern Society
VARIOUS • Lesson 3: The Self as
PERSPECTIVES Embedded in Relationships
and through Spiritual
Development in Confucian
Thought
Lesson 1. Philosophy and
the Question: “Who am I?”
Learning Outcomes:
• Defined the meaning of philosophy
• Distinguished the different philosophers and
philosophies about the self
• Formulated one’s own philosophy
COLLEGE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY Department of Industrial Technology
Meaning of PHILOSOPHY
• From the Greek words “philo” which
means love and “Sophia” which
means wisdom
• An active pursuit of wisdom
• A human search for meaning in life
Philosophical Perspectives About the Self
• An unexamined life is not worth
living.
• Well-known for his proverb “Know
thyself”
• Man must live a morally good life
or happiness.
Improve the quality of the soul or moral
life
SOCRATES Improvement of the soul can be achieved
through the quest for wisdom and truth
COLLEGE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY Department of Industrial Technology
Philosophical Perspectives About the Self
• The self is the one that thinks,
reflects, and acts on what is right.
• True happiness springs from
goodness or living out a morally
good life (Castell& Borchert,
1988)
SOCRATES
COLLEGE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY Department of Industrial Technology
Philosophical Perspectives About the Self
• Every man is dualistic.
• BODY- imperfect and
impermanent
• SOUL- perfect and
permanent
SOCRATES
COLLEGE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY Department of Industrial Technology
Philosophical Perspectives About the Self
• The self is an immortal
soul.
• Man is essentially a soul
imprisoned in a body.
• Reason, physical appetite
and spirit or passion-
three components of the
PLATO soul
COLLEGE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY Department of Industrial Technology
Philosophical Perspectives About the Self
• To attain happiness, the
self, therefore, must be
intellectually, emotionally
and biologically balanced.
PLATO
COLLEGE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY Department of Industrial Technology
Philosophical Perspectives About the Self
• The self owed its origin to
God.
• True happiness is for the
self to love.
• Our issue is misplaced
ST. love.
AUGUSTINE
COLLEGE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY Department of Industrial Technology
Philosophical Perspectives About the Self
• Human is created
through image and
likeness of God and we
are created as a good
individual.
ST.
AUGUSTINE
COLLEGE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY Department of Industrial Technology
Philosophical Perspectives About the Self
• Human is created
through image and
likeness of God and we
are created as a good
individual.
ST.
AUGUSTINE
COLLEGE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY Department of Industrial Technology
Philosophical Perspectives About the Self
• “all our self-knowledge is
dependent on our
experience of the world
around us.”
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AQUINAS
COLLEGE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY Department of Industrial Technology
Philosophical Perspectives About the Self
SELF
Body Soul Spirit
-in -composed -can
contact of the commune
with the mind, with God
world emotion
and will
[Link]
AQUINAS
COLLEGE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY Department of Industrial Technology
Philosophical Perspectives About the Self
• “I think therefore I am” –
Cogito ergo sum
• the act of being self-
conscious- is in itself proof
that there is self
RENE
DESCARTES
COLLEGE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY Department of Industrial Technology
Philosophical Perspectives About the Self
• The self is nothing but a
collection of different
perceptions.
• “There is no self”
• The idea of personal identity
DAVID HUME is a result of imagination
COLLEGE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY Department of Industrial Technology
Philosophical Perspectives About the Self
• Tabula Rasa –Mind is like a
blank sheet
• The self is reliant on our
consciousness of it.
• Our physical body is
integrated in our personal
self.
JOHN LOCKE
COLLEGE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY Department of Industrial Technology
Philosophical Perspectives About the Self
• 2 Kinds of SELF:
1. Empirical Self- what makes
the self unique
2. Transcendental Self or -
the self is an activity or
organizing principle
that actively interprets,
constructs and gives
IMMANUEL meaning to collections
KANT of sensory data.
COLLEGE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY Department of Industrial Technology
Philosophical Perspectives About the Self
• We all have an inner and an
outer self which together
form our consciousness.
• WE construct our self.
IMMANUEL
KANT
COLLEGE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY Department of Industrial Technology
Philosophical Perspectives About the Self
• The self is composed of the
ID, EGO and SUPEREGO.
• ID(unconscious)- desires
• EGO (conscious)- rational
• SUPEREGO- moral aspects,
SIGMUND conscience
FREUD
COLLEGE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY Department of Industrial Technology
Philosophical Perspectives About the Self
• “The self is the way people
behave”.
• The self is basically our
behavior
GILBERT RYLE
COLLEGE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY Department of Industrial Technology
Philosophical Perspectives About the Self
• “The self is the brain”
• The mental state of the mind
can impact the physical
conditions of the self.
PATRICIA AND PAUL
CHURCHLAND
COLLEGE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY Department of Industrial Technology
Philosophical Perspectives About the Self
• “The self is embodied
Subjectivity”.
• All the knowledge of
ourselves and our world is
based on subjective
experiences
MAURICE • The self can never be truly
MERLAEU-PONTY objectified
COLLEGE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY Department of Industrial Technology
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