6 ELEMENTS OF ORGANIZATION

1. SPECIALIZATION- grouping of activities and segregation of line, staff, and auxiliary functions. ( arranging the personnel
according to their respective expertise.
 Example; let's see It graduate ang police personnel dapat ibutang siya sa cybercrime. If the
police officer is a graduate of criminology course, you put them in a line function na criminal
investigation or patrol. So the arrangement of our personnel is according to their expertise
of various field, we can arrange them into basically the line auxiliary and the staff is what
we called specialization.)
2. HIERARCHY OF AUTHORITY- the prerogative or right to command and control the behavior of employees in lower
positions within an organizational hierarchy.
 ( It means na if chief of police ka, you have the authority to give order or to give command or control the behavior
of your subordinates. Ang subordinates class is kana naa sa lower level sa imo rank).
3. SPAN OF CONTROL - the maximum number of subordinates at a given position that a superior can supervise effectively.
 ( Example; you are the team leader, pila man or what are the maximum numbers of mga
tawo nga imo ma supervise. Kay if ang usa ka supervisor hatagan ug 200 personnel to
supervise that is very difficult to do but if you just give one supervisor and can effectively
supervise 10 individuals or maximum of 10, then that means na 10 lang Ang personnel na
pwede niyang ma undertake under the span of control.
4. DELEGATION OF AUTHORITY- conferring of an amount of authority by a superior position onto a lower-level position.
( From the word delegate, what you do is to pass over or to confirm your authority to a particular subordinate who is in lower
level position.
 Example: Chief of police, you delegate your authority to your deputy it means delegation of
authority but class do not forget na in the delegation of the authority, the person to whom
authority is delegated becomes responsible to the superior for doing the assign job.
Meaning responsable ka ana na task kay ikaw man Ang gihatagan sa authourity or
katungod. You are responsible to the superior for doing the assign job pero di nao kalimtan
na Ang delegators remains accountable for the accomplishment of the job within the
guidelines and qualities standard of the agency. What does it mean? that means na even
you delegated already your authority, your accountability as a superior will still remain.
Again, ikaw na gihatagan ug authority or katungod, you are responsible to the superior for
doing the assign job pero on the other hand Ang superior pud is still accountable for the
accomplishment or the result of the performance of the job, so accountable ka pa rin.
5. UNITY OF COMMAND - means one superior or "boss"
 meaning usa lang Ang supervisor or there is only one supervisor or boss. Everyone will
answer on one boss or one superior only. Remember, if you can see this in your board exam
" no person can serve two masters at the same time".
6. FORMAL COMMUNICATION - process of sharing understanding and information on common subjects. More precisely,
it is an intercourse between, through or more people by means of words, letters, symbols, or gestures for the purpose of
exchanging information.

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF POLICING

( let us re-acquite ourselves sa historical perspective ng policing or law enforcement) . Ang formal
policing is nag start sa Greece, Greek people

The term "POLICE" was derived from the following:

1. "POLITEIA" (Greek word) used to describe the group of civil officers governing the city and not necessarily the armed
men guarding or policing the city.
2. "POLITIA" (Romans) which means civil administration.
3. "POLICE" (French) used it to those authorized people who enforce the law.
4. " PULIS" - Filipinos further translated the term POLICE in a way for it to be compatible in the manner they pronounce
and spell words.

THANES POLICING SYSTEM

 a type of internal police force where landowners throughout the kingdom were responsible to police their own territory.
Landowners were empowered to, arrest offenders and deliver them to the King and, settle civil litigations.
 this talks about the landowners, the authority of the landowners to arrest OFFENDERS and
deliver them before the king in order to settle civil litigations.

TYTHINGMEN
 every male over twelve (12) years old joined nine (9) of his neighbors to form TYTHINGMEN. They performed police
works and anyone who failed to join and perform this duty was severely fined. This policing system was a carried out under a
system of mutual pledge. Policing responsibility lies on the hands of the citizens.
 Ty means pang napulo. Example, if your income is 10 pesos, nag ikanapuno na peso should
be given to him. What happens in tythingmen? Meaning, one male over 12 years old plus
nine, pila na? equal 10. You are now forming called tythingmen. So in every 10 people, there
 should be I mean the ten people should be considered tythingmen who will perform police
works and anyone who failed to join and perform this duty was severely fined. Meaning if
your not going to perform your duty you will be fined buot ipasabot there is a penalty.
Pledge means promise.

TUN POLICING SYSTEM

 this policing system required all male residents to guard the town preserve peace and order, protect the life and property of
the people and suppress other factors affecting peace and order. Tun was the forerunner of the word "town".
 In tun policing system, the responsibility of guarding the peace and order and the protection
of life and property in a particular community is within the shoulder of all male residents
meaning tanan na lalaki na residente is responsibilidad nila in making or keeping the peace
and protection of ;life and property. Again, kung lalaki ka dapat responsibilidad nimo na mo
contribute in the maintenance of peace and order, kalinaw.

HUE AND CRY POLICING SYSTEM

 Complainant or victim will go to the middle of the community and shout to call all residents to assemble. Once heard, male
residents will automatically assemble to go after the criminal and apprehend him.
 Mao ni Ang pinakasikat before the hue and cry. Here, in this policing system what will
happen is that your the victim of that certain pasabot kung biktima ka ana na krimen all you
have to do is run in the middle of the community modagan ka sa tunga community and you
will shout. The shouting there class is a signal to all male residents in that community to
assemble. Pag-assemble nila, Ang tanan na male or lalaki na residente will pursue and
apprehend the criminal.

SHIRE- REEVE SYSTEM

 King William Norman divided the kingdom into 55 military districts as Shire-reeves.
 the shire-reeve system po was being implemented during king William Norman regime. king
William Norman durn those time, what he did was divide this king Dom to 55 military
districts and he called it shire-Reeves.
 SHIRE- use to refer a district
 (meaning distrito or district)
 REEVE- used to refer to the ruler of the district who made laws, rendered judgment, and imposed penalties.
 this the ruler of the district meaning one will maintain peace, rendered judgment, and at
the same time imposed penalty.)

COURT LEET
 The head of the court which was appointed by the King to be responsible in keeping peace and order in a specific area. It was
under the responsibility of local officials who could petition to remove him if he did not perform his job properly.
 So the court leet I appointed by a certain king and the purpose for that appointed king is to
keep the peace and order in the community but if the King fail to perform his duty, the local
official of that specific community has the power to file a petition towards the King for his
removal).

LEGIS HENRIE
 Imposed the following features: law violations were classified as offenses against the King; policemen were considered as
public officials. The police and he citizens were given the power to conduct arrest.
 Grand Jury was created to inquire on the facts of the law.
 Legis Henrie is established by King Henry the first. In legis Henrie it has several, features,
first, aw violations were classified as offenses against the Kingpolicemen were considered as
public officials; The police and he citizens were given the power to conduct arrest; Grand
Jury was created to inquire on the facts of the law. And diri na nagsugod ang ginatawag
NATO na innovation and development of policing legis Henrie.

KEEPERS OF THE PEACE-

 it requires the appointment of knights to keep the King's peace. The knights were posted on bridges and gates to check the
people entering and leaving town or cities.
 When we say knights, these are ato mga soldiers, soldiers of the king, mountain soldiers. To
protect the king they established the keepers of the gate.

MAGNA CARTA (GREAT CHARTER)

 Became a law upon the demand of the Knights of the Round Table. It declared the following: No freemen shall be taken or
imprisoned, disposed, outlawed or bowed except by legal judgment of his peers; No person shall be tried for murder unless
there is proof of the body of the victim; there should be national and local government as well as the national and local
legislation.
  In simpler explanaton, the magna carta is actually a law that was being established due to
the effort what we called Knights of the Round Table. What knights of the Round Table? Ang
knights of the round table class is refers to an organization or group of people, fellowship or
soldier assembling. Sila Ang MGA knights or soldier ni king Arthur of Great Britain. S
panahon ni King Arthur NAA assembly or fellowship of the knights Ang tawag ana is knights
of the Round Table. Ang declaration is mao ni, first, No freemen shall be taken or
imprisoned, disposed, outlawed or bowed except by legal judgment of his peers; No person
shall be tried for murder unless there is proof of the body of the victim; there should be
national and local government as well as the national and local legislation.)

STATUTE OF 1925
 it began the closing of the gates of London during sunset. This started the observation of the curfew hours. (
 The statute of 1925 is the forerunner I mean the beginning of what we called right now as
curfew, meaning diri nagsugod si curfew na until now we are still excersing it. Note nigawas
sa board exam 2020)

JUSTICE OF THE PEACE

 this was a position given to a respected citizen, who has the power to arrest, pursue and imprison offenders.
 This is a type of system class na kung asa ahmm the person who is respected in the
community is given the authority or the power to make arrest, pursue and imprison
offenders. Again, this authority and power is highly applicable only to the respected citizen
in the community).

STAR CHAMBER COURT

 a special court that tried offenders against the state. Later on, it became both a court of law to determine civil rights and a
court of revenue to enrich treasury.

BEGINNING OF POLICING (1829)

During our time class, naa mi gitawag na Peelian Principles, the peelian principles, the peelian principles,
these are the springboard in the making of the principles of contemporary law enforcement. Mao ang nag
established ani is has the title or gitaaawag or known as the Father of the Modern policing because we
adapted their principles in our modern policing na si Sir Robert Peel ang nagbuhat and because of that Sir
Robert Peel is considered as the Father Of Modern Policing because siya ang nag established to what
we called peelian principles. Before, wala'y mga police and the one who established the formal
organization is sir robert peel. The first police na na established ni peel is gitawag niya PEELERS in
recognition to his family names. He also called if Blue Devils, because the police naiya na-organizeed
was wearing blue uniform. And lastly, he called them bobbies. Those are the previous names of our police
by sir robert peel. Then ang formal name ani nila is called London Metropolitan Police. Write this down
to you notes class, the London Metropolitan Police first office was established in Great Scotland Yard na
gitawag na karon Scotland yard as the place where the headquarters was built. And this is where the
formal structure begin.

NOTABLE PEOPLE IN THE HISTORY OF THE POLICING

HENRY FIELDING
 Chief Magistrate of London who established the so-called Bow Street Runners in 1753.
 Bow Street Runners served writs and arrested offenders on the authority of the magistrates, traveling nationwide to
apprehend offenders. (
 Si Henry Fielding and John Fielding, this was the person before Sir Robert Peel na who
contributed a lot in policing. Si Henry fielding established the Bow Street Runners wherein
their responsibilities is to arrest offenders or the authority of the magistrate. Bout ipasabot
sa magistrate is mga judge

JOHN FIELDING
 the successor of Henry Fielding. He was nicknamed as the Blind Beak for his extraordinary capacity to recognize 3, 000
different criminals by the sound of their voice.
 He created the Bow Street Patrol.
 Si John fielding successor of Henry Fielding na gitawag siya blind beak because John is blind
but he has this unique ability to recognize 3, 000 different criminals by only listening to
their voice. Imagine 3, 000 criminals ang ma identify niya through paminaw sa tingog lang.
 And that made him called Blind beak. Now, kung si Henry Fielding established Bow street
Runners, John Fielding established Bow Street Patrol.

EVOLUTION OF POLICING SYSTEM IN THE PHILIPPINE SETTING

( We were imprisoned by the spanish regime for 333 years na we were colonized by the spain. )

A. PRE-SPANISH PERIOD
 The forerunner of the contemporary police system was the practice of barangay chieftain to select abled bodied young men to
protect their barangay during the night.
 (Now, ang forerunner ng policing system nato is ang barangay chieftain it's from the
practice of barangay chieftain to select abled bodied young men to protect their barangay
during the night. So, our contemporary policing system nato is gagikan kung asa ang
kapitan or the chieftain ng village is magpili siya mga kusgan na lalaki to guard the village
or to guard the barangay during the night.

B. SPANISH PERIOD
 CARABINEROS DE SEGURIDAD PUBLICO (Mounted Police) - 1712
 this was armed and considered as the mounted police who later discharged the duties of a port, harbor and river
police.
 it was given special commission by royal decree of December 20, 1842 and it was called CUERPO DE
SEGURIDAD PÚBLICA (corps of crabbiness fo public security).

 CUARDRILLOS OR GUADRILLEROS (January 8, 1836)

 a body of rural police organized in each town established by royal decree. It mandates that 5% of the able bodied
male inhabitants each province where to enlisted in this police organization for 3 years.

 GUARDIA CIVIL ( February 12, 1852)

 created by royal decree, to partially relieve the Spanish peninsula troops of their works in policing towns. Semi-
military police unit. It is considered a body of Filipino policemen organized originally in each of the provincial
capitals of the province of Luzon under the alcalde Mayor.

C. JAPANESE OCCUPATION
1. Kempetai (pag-abot mga hapon naa mga kempetai, ang mga police during japanese era is
kempetai)
2. Metropolitan Constabulary ( And then it is where after the kempetai, MC or Metropolitan Constabulary
was established)

D. AMERICAN OCCUPATION UNTIL THE WOLD WAR II BROKE OUT

(pag-abot sa mga americano, it is where our policing system was slowly developed)
1. Insular Police Force ( November 30, 1890)
2. Insular Constabulary ( July 18, 1901)
3. Manila Police Department (MPD) - July 31, 1901