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F Distribution Critical Values for ANOVA

The document provides a table of critical values for the F distribution used in ANOVA, with separate tables for p = 0.05 and p = 0.01 significance levels. It outlines the procedure for determining the critical F-ratio based on the obtained F-ratio and associated degrees of freedom. An example illustrates how to use the table to assess the significance of the F-ratio.

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80 views5 pages

F Distribution Critical Values for ANOVA

The document provides a table of critical values for the F distribution used in ANOVA, with separate tables for p = 0.05 and p = 0.01 significance levels. It outlines the procedure for determining the critical F-ratio based on the obtained F-ratio and associated degrees of freedom. An example illustrates how to use the table to assess the significance of the F-ratio.

Uploaded by

roopinipraveena24
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Table of critical values for the F distribution (for use with ANOVA):

How to use this table:


There are two tables here. The first one gives critical values of F at the p = 0.05 level of significance.
The second table gives critical values of F at the p = 0.01 level of significance.
1. Obtain your F-ratio. This has (x,y) degrees of freedom associated with it.
2. Go along x columns, and down y rows. The point of intersection is your critical F-ratio.
3. If your obtained value of F is equal to or larger than this critical F-value, then your result is
significant at that level of probability.
An example: I obtain an F ratio of 3.96 with (2, 24) degrees of freedom.
I go along 2 columns and down 24 rows. The critical value of F is 3.40. My obtained F-ratio
is larger than this, and so I conclude that my obtained F-ratio is likely to occur by chance with a p<.05.

Critical values of F for the 0.05 significance level:


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1 161.45 199.50 215.71 224.58 230.16 233.99 236.77 238.88 240.54 241.88
2 18.51 19.00 19.16 19.25 19.30 19.33 19.35 19.37 19.39 19.40
3 10.13 9.55 9.28 9.12 9.01 8.94 8.89 8.85 8.81 8.79
4 7.71 6.94 6.59 6.39 6.26 6.16 6.09 6.04 6.00 5.96
5 6.61 5.79 5.41 5.19 5.05 4.95 4.88 4.82 4.77 4.74
6 5.99 5.14 4.76 4.53 4.39 4.28 4.21 4.15 4.10 4.06
7 5.59 4.74 4.35 4.12 3.97 3.87 3.79 3.73 3.68 3.64
8 5.32 4.46 4.07 3.84 3.69 3.58 3.50 3.44 3.39 3.35
9 5.12 4.26 3.86 3.63 3.48 3.37 3.29 3.23 3.18 3.14
10 4.97 4.10 3.71 3.48 3.33 3.22 3.14 3.07 3.02 2.98
11 4.84 3.98 3.59 3.36 3.20 3.10 3.01 2.95 2.90 2.85
12 4.75 3.89 3.49 3.26 3.11 3.00 2.91 2.85 2.80 2.75
13 4.67 3.81 3.41 3.18 3.03 2.92 2.83 2.77 2.71 2.67
14 4.60 3.74 3.34 3.11 2.96 2.85 2.76 2.70 2.65 2.60
15 4.54 3.68 3.29 3.06 2.90 2.79 2.71 2.64 2.59 2.54
16 4.49 3.63 3.24 3.01 2.85 2.74 2.66 2.59 2.54 2.49
17 4.45 3.59 3.20 2.97 2.81 2.70 2.61 2.55 2.49 2.45
18 4.41 3.56 3.16 2.93 2.77 2.66 2.58 2.51 2.46 2.41
19 4.38 3.52 3.13 2.90 2.74 2.63 2.54 2.48 2.42 2.38
20 4.35 3.49 3.10 2.87 2.71 2.60 2.51 2.45 2.39 2.35
21 4.33 3.47 3.07 2.84 2.69 2.57 2.49 2.42 2.37 2.32
22 4.30 3.44 3.05 2.82 2.66 2.55 2.46 2.40 2.34 2.30
23 4.28 3.42 3.03 2.80 2.64 2.53 2.44 2.38 2.32 2.28
24 4.26 3.40 3.01 2.78 2.62 2.51 2.42 2.36 2.30 2.26
25 4.24 3.39 2.99 2.76 2.60 2.49 2.41 2.34 2.28 2.24
26 4.23 3.37 2.98 2.74 2.59 2.47 2.39 2.32 2.27 2.22
27 4.21 3.35 2.96 2.73 2.57 2.46 2.37 2.31 2.25 2.20
28 4.20 3.34 2.95 2.71 2.56 2.45 2.36 2.29 2.24 2.19
29 4.18 3.33 2.93 2.70 2.55 2.43 2.35 2.28 2.22 2.18
30 4.17 3.32 2.92 2.69 2.53 2.42 2.33 2.27 2.21 2.17
31 4.16 3.31 2.91 2.68 2.52 2.41 2.32 2.26 2.20 2.15
32 4.15 3.30 2.90 2.67 2.51 2.40 2.31 2.24 2.19 2.14
33 4.14 3.29 2.89 2.66 2.50 2.39 2.30 2.24 2.18 2.13
34 4.13 3.28 2.88 2.65 2.49 2.38 2.29 2.23 2.17 2.12
35 4.12 3.27 2.87 2.64 2.49 2.37 2.29 2.22 2.16 2.11
36 4.11 3.26 2.87 2.63 2.48 2.36 2.28 2.21 2.15 2.11
37 4.11 3.25 2.86 2.63 2.47 2.36 2.27 2.20 2.15 2.10
38 4.10 3.25 2.85 2.62 2.46 2.35 2.26 2.19 2.14 2.09
39 4.09 3.24 2.85 2.61 2.46 2.34 2.26 2.19 2.13 2.08
40 4.09 3.23 2.84 2.61 2.45 2.34 2.25 2.18 2.12 2.08
41 4.08 3.23 2.83 2.60 2.44 2.33 2.24 2.17 2.12 2.07
42 4.07 3.22 2.83 2.59 2.44 2.32 2.24 2.17 2.11 2.07
43 4.07 3.21 2.82 2.59 2.43 2.32 2.23 2.16 2.11 2.06
44 4.06 3.21 2.82 2.58 2.43 2.31 2.23 2.16 2.10 2.05
45 4.06 3.20 2.81 2.58 2.42 2.31 2.22 2.15 2.10 2.05
46 4.05 3.20 2.81 2.57 2.42 2.30 2.22 2.15 2.09 2.04
47 4.05 3.20 2.80 2.57 2.41 2.30 2.21 2.14 2.09 2.04
48 4.04 3.19 2.80 2.57 2.41 2.30 2.21 2.14 2.08 2.04
49 4.04 3.19 2.79 2.56 2.40 2.29 2.20 2.13 2.08 2.03
50 4.03 3.18 2.79 2.56 2.40 2.29 2.20 2.13 2.07 2.03
51 4.03 3.18 2.79 2.55 2.40 2.28 2.20 2.13 2.07 2.02
52 4.03 3.18 2.78 2.55 2.39 2.28 2.19 2.12 2.07 2.02
53 4.02 3.17 2.78 2.55 2.39 2.28 2.19 2.12 2.06 2.02
54 4.02 3.17 2.78 2.54 2.39 2.27 2.19 2.12 2.06 2.01
55 4.02 3.17 2.77 2.54 2.38 2.27 2.18 2.11 2.06 2.01
56 4.01 3.16 2.77 2.54 2.38 2.27 2.18 2.11 2.05 2.01
57 4.01 3.16 2.77 2.53 2.38 2.26 2.18 2.11 2.05 2.00
58 4.01 3.16 2.76 2.53 2.37 2.26 2.17 2.10 2.05 2.00
59 4.00 3.15 2.76 2.53 2.37 2.26 2.17 2.10 2.04 2.00
60 4.00 3.15 2.76 2.53 2.37 2.25 2.17 2.10 2.04 1.99
61 4.00 3.15 2.76 2.52 2.37 2.25 2.16 2.09 2.04 1.99
62 4.00 3.15 2.75 2.52 2.36 2.25 2.16 2.09 2.04 1.99
63 3.99 3.14 2.75 2.52 2.36 2.25 2.16 2.09 2.03 1.99
64 3.99 3.14 2.75 2.52 2.36 2.24 2.16 2.09 2.03 1.98
65 3.99 3.14 2.75 2.51 2.36 2.24 2.15 2.08 2.03 1.98
66 3.99 3.14 2.74 2.51 2.35 2.24 2.15 2.08 2.03 1.98
67 3.98 3.13 2.74 2.51 2.35 2.24 2.15 2.08 2.02 1.98
68 3.98 3.13 2.74 2.51 2.35 2.24 2.15 2.08 2.02 1.97
69 3.98 3.13 2.74 2.51 2.35 2.23 2.15 2.08 2.02 1.97
70 3.98 3.13 2.74 2.50 2.35 2.23 2.14 2.07 2.02 1.97
71 3.98 3.13 2.73 2.50 2.34 2.23 2.14 2.07 2.02 1.97
72 3.97 3.12 2.73 2.50 2.34 2.23 2.14 2.07 2.01 1.97
73 3.97 3.12 2.73 2.50 2.34 2.23 2.14 2.07 2.01 1.96
74 3.97 3.12 2.73 2.50 2.34 2.22 2.14 2.07 2.01 1.96
75 3.97 3.12 2.73 2.49 2.34 2.22 2.13 2.06 2.01 1.96
76 3.97 3.12 2.73 2.49 2.34 2.22 2.13 2.06 2.01 1.96
77 3.97 3.12 2.72 2.49 2.33 2.22 2.13 2.06 2.00 1.96
78 3.96 3.11 2.72 2.49 2.33 2.22 2.13 2.06 2.00 1.95
79 3.96 3.11 2.72 2.49 2.33 2.22 2.13 2.06 2.00 1.95
80 3.96 3.11 2.72 2.49 2.33 2.21 2.13 2.06 2.00 1.95
81 3.96 3.11 2.72 2.48 2.33 2.21 2.13 2.06 2.00 1.95
82 3.96 3.11 2.72 2.48 2.33 2.21 2.12 2.05 2.00 1.95
83 3.96 3.11 2.72 2.48 2.32 2.21 2.12 2.05 2.00 1.95
84 3.96 3.11 2.71 2.48 2.32 2.21 2.12 2.05 1.99 1.95
85 3.95 3.10 2.71 2.48 2.32 2.21 2.12 2.05 1.99 1.94
86 3.95 3.10 2.71 2.48 2.32 2.21 2.12 2.05 1.99 1.94
87 3.95 3.10 2.71 2.48 2.32 2.21 2.12 2.05 1.99 1.94
88 3.95 3.10 2.71 2.48 2.32 2.20 2.12 2.05 1.99 1.94
89 3.95 3.10 2.71 2.47 2.32 2.20 2.11 2.04 1.99 1.94
90 3.95 3.10 2.71 2.47 2.32 2.20 2.11 2.04 1.99 1.94
91 3.95 3.10 2.71 2.47 2.32 2.20 2.11 2.04 1.98 1.94
92 3.95 3.10 2.70 2.47 2.31 2.20 2.11 2.04 1.98 1.94
93 3.94 3.09 2.70 2.47 2.31 2.20 2.11 2.04 1.98 1.93
94 3.94 3.09 2.70 2.47 2.31 2.20 2.11 2.04 1.98 1.93
95 3.94 3.09 2.70 2.47 2.31 2.20 2.11 2.04 1.98 1.93
96 3.94 3.09 2.70 2.47 2.31 2.20 2.11 2.04 1.98 1.93
97 3.94 3.09 2.70 2.47 2.31 2.19 2.11 2.04 1.98 1.93
98 3.94 3.09 2.70 2.47 2.31 2.19 2.10 2.03 1.98 1.93
99 3.94 3.09 2.70 2.46 2.31 2.19 2.10 2.03 1.98 1.93
100 3.94 3.09 2.70 2.46 2.31 2.19 2.10 2.03 1.98 1.93

Critical values of F for the 0.01 significance level:


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1 4052.19 4999.52 5403.34 5624.62 5763.65 5858.97 5928.33 5981.10 6022.50 6055.85
2 98.50 99.00 99.17 99.25 99.30 99.33 99.36 99.37 99.39 99.40
3 34.12 30.82 29.46 28.71 28.24 27.91 27.67 27.49 27.35 27.23
4 21.20 18.00 16.69 15.98 15.52 15.21 14.98 14.80 14.66 14.55
5 16.26 13.27 12.06 11.39 10.97 10.67 10.46 10.29 10.16 10.05
6 13.75 10.93 9.78 9.15 8.75 8.47 8.26 8.10 7.98 7.87
7 12.25 9.55 8.45 7.85 7.46 7.19 6.99 6.84 6.72 6.62
8 11.26 8.65 7.59 7.01 6.63 6.37 6.18 6.03 5.91 5.81
9 10.56 8.02 6.99 6.42 6.06 5.80 5.61 5.47 5.35 5.26
10 10.04 7.56 6.55 5.99 5.64 5.39 5.20 5.06 4.94 4.85
11 9.65 7.21 6.22 5.67 5.32 5.07 4.89 4.74 4.63 4.54
12 9.33 6.93 5.95 5.41 5.06 4.82 4.64 4.50 4.39 4.30
13 9.07 6.70 5.74 5.21 4.86 4.62 4.44 4.30 4.19 4.10
14 8.86 6.52 5.56 5.04 4.70 4.46 4.28 4.14 4.03 3.94
15 8.68 6.36 5.42 4.89 4.56 4.32 4.14 4.00 3.90 3.81
16 8.53 6.23 5.29 4.77 4.44 4.20 4.03 3.89 3.78 3.69
17 8.40 6.11 5.19 4.67 4.34 4.10 3.93 3.79 3.68 3.59
18 8.29 6.01 5.09 4.58 4.25 4.02 3.84 3.71 3.60 3.51
19 8.19 5.93 5.01 4.50 4.17 3.94 3.77 3.63 3.52 3.43
20 8.10 5.85 4.94 4.43 4.10 3.87 3.70 3.56 3.46 3.37
21 8.02 5.78 4.87 4.37 4.04 3.81 3.64 3.51 3.40 3.31
22 7.95 5.72 4.82 4.31 3.99 3.76 3.59 3.45 3.35 3.26
23 7.88 5.66 4.77 4.26 3.94 3.71 3.54 3.41 3.30 3.21
24 7.82 5.61 4.72 4.22 3.90 3.67 3.50 3.36 3.26 3.17
25 7.77 5.57 4.68 4.18 3.86 3.63 3.46 3.32 3.22 3.13
26 7.72 5.53 4.64 4.14 3.82 3.59 3.42 3.29 3.18 3.09
27 7.68 5.49 4.60 4.11 3.79 3.56 3.39 3.26 3.15 3.06
28 7.64 5.45 4.57 4.07 3.75 3.53 3.36 3.23 3.12 3.03
29 7.60 5.42 4.54 4.05 3.73 3.50 3.33 3.20 3.09 3.01
30 7.56 5.39 4.51 4.02 3.70 3.47 3.31 3.17 3.07 2.98
31 7.53 5.36 4.48 3.99 3.68 3.45 3.28 3.15 3.04 2.96
32 7.50 5.34 4.46 3.97 3.65 3.43 3.26 3.13 3.02 2.93
33 7.47 5.31 4.44 3.95 3.63 3.41 3.24 3.11 3.00 2.91
34 7.44 5.29 4.42 3.93 3.61 3.39 3.22 3.09 2.98 2.89
35 7.42 5.27 4.40 3.91 3.59 3.37 3.20 3.07 2.96 2.88
36 7.40 5.25 4.38 3.89 3.57 3.35 3.18 3.05 2.95 2.86
37 7.37 5.23 4.36 3.87 3.56 3.33 3.17 3.04 2.93 2.84
38 7.35 5.21 4.34 3.86 3.54 3.32 3.15 3.02 2.92 2.83
39 7.33 5.19 4.33 3.84 3.53 3.31 3.14 3.01 2.90 2.81
40 7.31 5.18 4.31 3.83 3.51 3.29 3.12 2.99 2.89 2.80
41 7.30 5.16 4.30 3.82 3.50 3.28 3.11 2.98 2.88 2.79
42 7.28 5.15 4.29 3.80 3.49 3.27 3.10 2.97 2.86 2.78
43 7.26 5.14 4.27 3.79 3.48 3.25 3.09 2.96 2.85 2.76
44 7.25 5.12 4.26 3.78 3.47 3.24 3.08 2.95 2.84 2.75
45 7.23 5.11 4.25 3.77 3.45 3.23 3.07 2.94 2.83 2.74
46 7.22 5.10 4.24 3.76 3.44 3.22 3.06 2.93 2.82 2.73
47 7.21 5.09 4.23 3.75 3.43 3.21 3.05 2.92 2.81 2.72
48 7.19 5.08 4.22 3.74 3.43 3.20 3.04 2.91 2.80 2.72
49 7.18 5.07 4.21 3.73 3.42 3.20 3.03 2.90 2.79 2.71
50 7.17 5.06 4.20 3.72 3.41 3.19 3.02 2.89 2.79 2.70
51 7.16 5.05 4.19 3.71 3.40 3.18 3.01 2.88 2.78 2.69
52 7.15 5.04 4.18 3.70 3.39 3.17 3.01 2.87 2.77 2.68
53 7.14 5.03 4.17 3.70 3.38 3.16 3.00 2.87 2.76 2.68
54 7.13 5.02 4.17 3.69 3.38 3.16 2.99 2.86 2.76 2.67
55 7.12 5.01 4.16 3.68 3.37 3.15 2.98 2.85 2.75 2.66
56 7.11 5.01 4.15 3.67 3.36 3.14 2.98 2.85 2.74 2.66
57 7.10 5.00 4.15 3.67 3.36 3.14 2.97 2.84 2.74 2.65
58 7.09 4.99 4.14 3.66 3.35 3.13 2.97 2.84 2.73 2.64
59 7.09 4.98 4.13 3.66 3.35 3.12 2.96 2.83 2.72 2.64
60 7.08 4.98 4.13 3.65 3.34 3.12 2.95 2.82 2.72 2.63
61 7.07 4.97 4.12 3.64 3.33 3.11 2.95 2.82 2.71 2.63
62 7.06 4.97 4.11 3.64 3.33 3.11 2.94 2.81 2.71 2.62
63 7.06 4.96 4.11 3.63 3.32 3.10 2.94 2.81 2.70 2.62
64 7.05 4.95 4.10 3.63 3.32 3.10 2.93 2.80 2.70 2.61
65 7.04 4.95 4.10 3.62 3.31 3.09 2.93 2.80 2.69 2.61
66 7.04 4.94 4.09 3.62 3.31 3.09 2.92 2.79 2.69 2.60
67 7.03 4.94 4.09 3.61 3.30 3.08 2.92 2.79 2.68 2.60
68 7.02 4.93 4.08 3.61 3.30 3.08 2.91 2.79 2.68 2.59
69 7.02 4.93 4.08 3.60 3.30 3.08 2.91 2.78 2.68 2.59
70 7.01 4.92 4.07 3.60 3.29 3.07 2.91 2.78 2.67 2.59
71 7.01 4.92 4.07 3.60 3.29 3.07 2.90 2.77 2.67 2.58
72 7.00 4.91 4.07 3.59 3.28 3.06 2.90 2.77 2.66 2.58
73 7.00 4.91 4.06 3.59 3.28 3.06 2.90 2.77 2.66 2.57
74 6.99 4.90 4.06 3.58 3.28 3.06 2.89 2.76 2.66 2.57
75 6.99 4.90 4.05 3.58 3.27 3.05 2.89 2.76 2.65 2.57
76 6.98 4.90 4.05 3.58 3.27 3.05 2.88 2.76 2.65 2.56
77 6.98 4.89 4.05 3.57 3.27 3.05 2.88 2.75 2.65 2.56
78 6.97 4.89 4.04 3.57 3.26 3.04 2.88 2.75 2.64 2.56
79 6.97 4.88 4.04 3.57 3.26 3.04 2.87 2.75 2.64 2.55
80 6.96 4.88 4.04 3.56 3.26 3.04 2.87 2.74 2.64 2.55
81 6.96 4.88 4.03 3.56 3.25 3.03 2.87 2.74 2.63 2.55
82 6.95 4.87 4.03 3.56 3.25 3.03 2.87 2.74 2.63 2.55
83 6.95 4.87 4.03 3.55 3.25 3.03 2.86 2.73 2.63 2.54
84 6.95 4.87 4.02 3.55 3.24 3.03 2.86 2.73 2.63 2.54
85 6.94 4.86 4.02 3.55 3.24 3.02 2.86 2.73 2.62 2.54
86 6.94 4.86 4.02 3.55 3.24 3.02 2.85 2.73 2.62 2.53
87 6.94 4.86 4.02 3.54 3.24 3.02 2.85 2.72 2.62 2.53
88 6.93 4.86 4.01 3.54 3.23 3.01 2.85 2.72 2.62 2.53
89 6.93 4.85 4.01 3.54 3.23 3.01 2.85 2.72 2.61 2.53
90 6.93 4.85 4.01 3.54 3.23 3.01 2.85 2.72 2.61 2.52
91 6.92 4.85 4.00 3.53 3.23 3.01 2.84 2.71 2.61 2.52
92 6.92 4.84 4.00 3.53 3.22 3.00 2.84 2.71 2.61 2.52
93 6.92 4.84 4.00 3.53 3.22 3.00 2.84 2.71 2.60 2.52
94 6.91 4.84 4.00 3.53 3.22 3.00 2.84 2.71 2.60 2.52
95 6.91 4.84 4.00 3.52 3.22 3.00 2.83 2.70 2.60 2.51
96 6.91 4.83 3.99 3.52 3.21 3.00 2.83 2.70 2.60 2.51
97 6.90 4.83 3.99 3.52 3.21 2.99 2.83 2.70 2.60 2.51
98 6.90 4.83 3.99 3.52 3.21 2.99 2.83 2.70 2.59 2.51
99 6.90 4.83 3.99 3.52 3.21 2.99 2.83 2.70 2.59 2.51
100 6.90 4.82 3.98 3.51 3.21 2.99 2.82 2.69 2.59 2.50

Common questions

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With degrees of freedom (5,30), the critical value of F at the 0.05 significance level can be found in the table and compared with 3.20. Since 3.20 is smaller than the critical value of 2.92, the result would not be significant at the 0.05 level .

A researcher might choose the 0.01 significance level over the 0.05 level to reduce the risk of Type I errors (false positives), ensuring that only results with strong evidence are considered statistically significant. This is especially critical in experiments where the consequences of a false positive are severe .

If the calculated F-ratio is larger than the critical value from the F distribution table, it indicates that the result is statistically significant at the specified level of probability (e.g., p<0.05), suggesting that the observed data is unlikely due to chance .

Obtaining an F-ratio that is smaller than the critical value means that the observed variance is not significantly different from what would be expected by chance, and the null hypothesis should not be rejected at that significance level .

The degrees of freedom for the numerator and denominator affect the shape and critical value of the F distribution. Typically, higher degrees of freedom in both increase the power of the test, leading lower critical F-values, thus easier to attain statistical significance .

F distribution tables provide a standardized reference to assess the significance of results. They are essential because they adjust for degrees of freedom, allowing researchers to determine if their results are due to chance or a real effect, thereby supporting rigorous decision-making in hypothesis testing .

As the degrees of freedom increase, critical F-values generally decrease. This indicates that with higher degrees of freedom, a smaller F-ratio is needed to achieve statistical significance, reflecting the increased precision and reduced error variance in the data .

To determine the critical F-value for a given F-ratio at the 0.05 level of significance, locate your degrees of freedom on the F distribution table. Go along the x (numerator) columns and down the y (denominator) rows. The intersection gives the critical F-value .

The critical values of F are larger at the 0.01 level of significance compared to the 0.05 level, reflecting stricter criteria for significance. This means that it is more difficult to reject the null hypothesis at the 0.01 level because it requires a larger F-ratio to achieve significance .

F-ratio critical values are used to determine whether the observed variability among group means is significantly greater than random variability. If the calculated F-ratio exceeds the critical value, the null hypothesis is rejected, indicating a statistically significant difference among groups .

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