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CBSE Notes Class 9 Science Chapter 6 Tissues
CBSE Notes Class 9 Science Chapter 6
- Tissue
Tissues are groups of similar cells that perform a common function. For
example, blood, muscle, and Phloem are all tissues that are specialized for
particular tasks. In essence, tissues are clusters of cells designed to work
together to achieve maximum e!ciency in their functions.
1.0
Download CBSE Class 9 Science Chapter 6 Tissue:
Free PDF
Students can now download CBSE Class 9 Science Chapter 6 Tissues notes in a
free PDF format, created to make complex biology topics simple and easy to
[Link] notes are designed according to the latest CBSE syllabus
and include all key concepts like plant and animal tissues, their types, structure,
and functions.
Class 9 Maths Chapter 6 Revision Notes: Download PDF
2.0
Plant Tissues
Plants are stationary so they require more supportive tissue for obtaining
structural strength.
Most of these tissues are dead and hence they provide more mechanical
strength and they require less energy for their maintenance.
The growth of plants is limited to certain regions. In these certain regions,
growing tissues are present, which have the capacity to divide throughout
life.
Also Read: Plant Tissue and its Classification
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Classification of Plant Tissues
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Chapter-wise CBSE Notes for
Class 9 Science:
Class 9 Science Chapter 1 - Matter in
Our Surroundings Notes
Class 9 Science Chapter 2 - Is Matter
Around Us Pure? Notes
Class 9 Science Chapter 3 - Atoms
and Molecules Notes
Class 9 Science Chapter 4 -
Structure of the Atom Notes
Class 9 Science Chapter 5 -
Fundamental Unit of Life Notes
Class 9 Science Chapter 6 - Tissues
Notes
Class 9 Science Chapter 7 - Motion
Notes
Meristematic tissue
These are living tissues which are capable of division throughout life. These Class 9 Science Chapter 8 - Force
tissues are found in growing regions of plants. and Laws of Motion Notes
Cells have thin cell walls, and are compactly packed with no intercellular
Class 9 Science Chapter 9 -
space. Cells contain dense cytoplasm and do not have vacuoles.
Gravitation Notes
Cells contain prominent and large nucleus.
Class 9 Science Chapter 10 - Work
Classification of meristematic tissue
and Energy Notes
(i) Apical meristem - It is present at the growing tips of shoot and roots. They
are responsible for increase in the length of shoot and root. Class 9 Science Chapter 11 - Sound
Notes
(ii) Intercalary meristem - These are present at the base of leaf or internode (on
either side of the node).They are responsible for the growth in length of plant
organs. Class 9 Science Chapter 12 -
Improvement In Food Resources
(iii) Lateral meristem (cambium) - It lies on the lateral sides of stem and root or Notes
occurs along the sides of the longitudinal axis of the plant. It helps in increasing
the diameter (girth) of the plant, hence helps in secondary growth.
Chapter-wise NCERT Solutions for
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Class 9 Science:
Chapter 1: Matter In Our
Surroundings
Chapter 2: Is Matter Around Us Pure?
Chapter 3: Atoms and Molecules
Chapter 4: Structure of the Atom
Chapter 5: Fundamental Unit of Life
Chapter 6: Tissues
Chapter 7: Motion
Chapter 8: Force and Laws of Motion
Chapter 9: Gravitation
Chapter 10: Work and Energy
Permanent tissue
They are formed by division and di#erentiation of meristematic tissue. Chapter 11: Sound
They are composed of those cells which have lost the power of division
Chapter 12: Improvement in Food
(temporarily or permanently) and attain a permanent shape, size and
Resources
function.
Cells may be living or dead. Permanent tissues are of two types, simple
permanent tissue and compound or complex permanent tissue.
1. Simple Permanent Tissue
Simple permanent tissue is made of one cell type and serves functions like
support and storage.
The most common type is Parenchyma, which consists of loosely arranged
living cells with thin cell walls.
It often stores food or contains Chlorophyll for photosynthesis, called
Chlorenchyma.
Aerenchyma—a type of Parenchyma with air cavities—helps the plant float in
aquatic plants.
Collenchyma is another simple permanent tissue that provides flexibility and
mechanical support to plants.
It allows the bending of plant parts like tendrils and climbers without
breaking.
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Lastly, sclerenchyma is made of dead cells, giving plants a hard, sti#
structure.
It is found in stems, seed coverings, and other tough plant parts.
2. Complex Permanent Tissue
Complex permanent tissue consists of more than one type of cell.
Examples include Xylem and Phloem, which transport water, nutrients, and
food throughout the plant.
The xylem comprises tracheids, vessels, xylem parenchyma, and fibers, while
the Phloem comprises sieve cells, companion cells, and phloem
parenchyma.
These tissues work together to support the plant's survival in a terrestrial
environment.
Xylem or wood : Xylem is made up of four types of cells.
Tracheids : Tracheids are elongated cells with tapering ends. Since tracheids
do not have open ends like the vessels, the water has to pass from cell to cell
via the pits. Tracheids are the chief water conducting elements in non-
flowering plants. i.e. gymnosperms.
Vessels or tracheae : Very long tube-like structures formed by a row of cells
placed end to end. Vessels are present in flowering plants i.e. angiosperms
only. The transverse walls between the vessels are completely dissolved to
form continuous channels or water-pipes. Tracheids and vessels help in long
distance conduction of water and minerals vertically upward from the root
system to various parts of the plant. Tracheids and vessels also provide
mechanical support.
Xylem fibre : These are dead and lignified sclerenchymatous cells which are
mainly supportive in function.
Xylem parenchyma : It is formed of living parenchymatous cells which helps
in storage of food and radial conduction of water and minerals.
Phloem : It is also made up of four types of cells
Sieve tubes : Sieve tubes are slender, tube-like structures composed of
elongated thin-walled cells, placed end to end. Their end walls are
perforated by numerous pores and are called sieve plates. Wall of the sieve
tube is perforated.
Companion cells : These are associated with sieve tubes. These are smaller
cells having dense cytoplasm and prominent nucleus. The companion cells
help the sieve tubes in the conduction of food material.
Phloem parenchyma : These are living and thin walled cells which helps in
sideways conduction of food. It stores various materials like resin, latex and
mucilage.
Phloem fibre : Phloem fibres are dead sclerenchymatous cells. Phloem or
bast fibres of some plants are the source of commercial fibres e.g. Jute,
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Hemp, Flax.
Protective tissue
1. Epidermis
It is the outermost layer of all organs of the plant body which is formed from
parenchymal cells. In epidermal cells outer walls are thicker than inner walls.
It is mostly single layer but in desert plants it is multilayered for protection
against water loss.
It protects the internal tissue from mechanical injuries and entry of germs.
2. Cork or phellem
Cork is the peripheral tissue of old stems and roots of woody trees and is
formed due to activity of cork cambium or phellogen (secondary lateral
meristem).
Cork cambium (phellogen) produces new cells on its both sides, thus
forming cork (phellem) on the outer side and the secondary cortex or
phelloderm on the inner side.
It is made up of dead cells with thick walls but no intercellular spaces.
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Animal Tissues
Every animal, whether it is unicellular or multicellular, is capable of performing all
vital functions such as respiration, ingestion, excretion and reproduction. Types
of animal tissue: Based on the location and function, the animal tissues are
classified into four type
Also Read: Animal Tissue and its Type
1. Epithelial Tissue
Word epithelium is composed of two words Epi-upon, Thelio-grows. (Means
- A tissue which grows upon another tissue is called epithelium).
It is the simplest tissue. It is the protective tissue of an animal's body.
It covers most organs and cavities within the body. It also forms a barrier to
keep di#erent body systems separate.
Epithelial cells are closely packed and have a small amount of cementing
material, so there are very little intercellular spaces present between the
cells.
Due to absence or less of intercellular spaces; blood vessels, lymph vessels
and capillaries are unable to pierce this tissue, so blood circulation is absent
in epithelium.
Hence cells depend for their nutrients on the underlying connective tissue.
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Types of epithelial tissue on the basis of shapes and functions
Type : Squamous epithelium (scale like)
Description : Flattened cells, extremely thin.
Common locations : Walls of blood vessels, air sacs of lungs, esophagus,
lining of mouth.
Function : Di#usion
Type : Cuboidal epithelium
Description : Cube-like cells may have microvilli at its free surface.
Common locations : Lining of kidney tubules, ducts of salivary glands. It also
forms the germinal epithelium of gonads.
Function : Secretion, absorption, mechanical support, excretion.
Type : Columnar (Pillar like)
Description : Tall slender cells ; may have microvilli at its free surface.
Common locations : Inner lining of intestine, part of respiratory tract lining.
Function : Secretion, absorption.
Modification of columnar epithelium
Glandular epithelium
Description : Tall, slender cells, some cells from the free surface invaginate
inside to form secretory cells – goblet cells.
Common location : Lining of intestine & glands, trachea, bronchi.
Function : Secretion of mucus and other secretions.
Ciliated columnar epithelium
Description : Tall , slender cells which possess cilia.
Common location : Lines the nasal passages, oviducts, terminal bronchioles.
Function : Protection, movement of substances in a particular direction for
e.g. of mucus in nasal passages, egg in oviduct.
2. Connective tissue - The cells of connective tissue are loosely spaced and
embedded into a non cellular matrix. The matrix may be solid (as in bone),
soft (as in loose connective tissue), or liquid (as in blood).
Loose connective tissue
Loose connective tissue is a mass of widely scattered cells whose matrix is a
loose weave of fibres. Many of the fibres are strong protein fibres called
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collagen.
Loose connective tissue is found beneath the skin and between organs.
It is a binding and packing material whose main purpose is to provide support
to hold other tissues and organs in place.
Adipose tissue
It consists of adipose cells (Adipocytes) filled with fat globules in loose
connective tissue.
Each adipose cell stores a large droplet of fat that swells when fat is stored
and shrinks when fat is used to provide energy.
Adipose tissue pads and insulates the animal body.
Fluid / vascular connective tissue
It is a special type of connective tissue which maintains link among di#erent
parts of the body.
It receives materials from certain parts of the body and transports them to
the other parts. It constitutes the transport system of animals.
It consists of two basic components – blood and lymph. Blood Blood is a
connective tissue of cells separated by a liquid matrix called plasma.
It lacks fibers in its matrix.
Blood constitutes 55 percent of plasma and 45 percent blood corpuscles.
Plasma contains water, salts, sugars, lipids, amino acids etc.
Blood corpuscles are of 3 types :
(i) Red blood cells or erythrocytes.
(ii) White blood cells or leukocytes
(iii) Platelets or thrombocytes.
Lymph
Lymph is actually filtered blood which is similar to blood in composition
except that it is devoid of RBC, platelets and some blood protein.
WBC are present in abundance in lymph. Due to the absence of hemoglobin,
lymph is colorless.
Fibrous / dense regular connective tissue
This tissue consists mainly of fibers. The fibers are of 2 types :
(1) Collagen white fibers The dominance of the (white inelastic) collagen
fibers contributes to the considerable mechanical strength of white fibrous
tissue.
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(2) Elastin yellow fibers
It can stretch upto one and a half times their length then snap back to its
original length when relaxed.
Skeletal connective tissue
It mainly consists of bones and cartilages that provide a strong supportive
framework for the body.
In these connective tissues, the matrix contains numerous fibers and in some
cases, deposits of insoluble calcium salts.
Bone It is a rigid connective tissue that has a matrix of collagen fibers and salt
of calcium and phosphorous compounds, giving it greater rigidity and
strength.
Most of the skeletal system is bone. Haversian systems are the structural
units of mammalian bone. It consists of Haversian canals, Haversian lamellae
and osteocytes.
Muscular Tissue
Muscular tissue is distinguished from other tissues by its unique ability to
contract & relax and thereby perform mechanical work.
It is responsible for movement of body organs and locomotion of the body.
The structural unit of muscular tissue is the muscle cells which because of its
elongated shape is also called muscle fibre.
The contractility is due to the presence of contractile proteins (actin &
myosin) in the muscle fibre.
Type of Muscle Skeletal Muscle Cardiac Smooth Muscle
Tissue Tissue Muscle Tissue Tissue
Attached to
bones of the
skeleton. In the Walls of hollow
case of facial internal
muscles, structures,
attached to includingBlood
Location in other tissues Wall of the Vessels Stomach
body including skin- heart only Intestines Gall
hence also bladder Urinary
muscles Bladder Airways
expression". to the lungs Iris of
called as " of eye
facial
expression”.
Voluntary or
Voluntary Involuntary Involuntary
involuntary
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involuntary
Present, Absent,
Present, Striated Nonstriated
Striations
Striated muscle muscle muscle
Cell Nuclei Many nuclei One One
Elongated
Cylindrical and Spindle shaped
Cell Shape cylindrical and
branched and unbranched
unbranched
Nervous Tissue
The nervous tissue, containing densely packed cells called nerve cells or
neurons, is present in the brain, spinal cord and nerves.
The neurons are specialized for conduction of nerve impulses.
They receive stimuli from within or outside the body and conduct impulses
(signals) which travel from one neuron to another neuron.
Nerve impulses allow us to move our muscles when we want to.
The functional combination of nerve and muscle tissue is fundamental to
most animals.
This combination enables animals to move rapidly in response to stimulus.
Each neuron has the following 2 parts
(i) Cyton or cell body : Contains a central nucleus and cytoplasm with
characteristic deeply stained particles called Nissl's granules (i.e. clumps of
ribosomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum).
(ii) Cell Processes
(a) Dendrites : These may be one to many, generally short and branched
cytoplasmic processes. Dendrites are a#erent processes because they
receive impulse from a receptor or other neuron and bring it to the cyton.
(b) Axon : It is a single generally long e#erent process which conducts
impulse away from cyton to other neurons. Longest cell in the body is the
neuron because the axon can be more than one meter long. Axon has uniform
thickness but it has terminal thin branches called telodendria. Terminal end
buttons or synaptic knobs occur at the end of telodendria.
Also Read: Muscular and Nervous Tissues
5.0
Key Features of CBSE Class 9 Science Chapter 6
Tissue
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Complete Topic Coverage: Covers all major types of plant and animal
tissues including meristematic, permanent, epithelial, connective, muscular,
and nervous tissues.
Easy-to-Understand Language: Concepts are explained in simple terms,
making it easier for students to grasp even the most technical topics.
Detailed Diagrams & Illustrations: Includes well-labelled diagrams and
flowcharts to visually support the learning process and aid better retention.
Aligned with CBSE Curriculum: Prepared as per the latest NCERT textbook
and CBSE syllabus to ensure 100% relevance for exam preparation.
Downloadable PDF Format: Easily downloadable, allowing students to
access CBSE Notes o&ine anytime, anywhere.
Ideal for Quick Revision: Perfect for revising the entire chapter in a short
time, especially during exams or class tests.
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