ZOOM INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL
PHYSICS
AN INVESTIGATORY
PROJECT
STUDENT’S PARTICULAR
NAME: JAYA KUMARI
CLASS: XI
SEC: D
STREAM: SCIENCE
SUB: PHYSICS
INVESTIGATORY PROJECT
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CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Jaya Kumari, a student
of class XI sec. D roll no. 27 has
successfully completed the physics
investigatory project for class XI practical
examination in the year of 2025-26. It is
further certified that that this investigatory
project is the individual work of the
candidate.
_______________
(Signature of internal examiner)
_____________
(signature of external examiner)
____________
(Signature of principle)
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Despite my efforts and hard works
this activity file would not have been
possible without the kind support
and help of many individuals. I would
like to thank our principle sir Mr. Raj
Paulson Shekhar and my school for
providing me with the facilities,
required for doing this investigatory
project work. I am highly indebted to
our physics teacher Prakash Mahato
for his valuable guidance which has
sustained my efforts in all the stages
of this Investigatory Project work. I
would also like to extend my
appreciation and gratitude towards
my parents and friends without
whom this Investigatory Project work
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would not have been completed on
time.
INDEX
[Link] CONTENT PAGE NO.
NAME
1. Aim 6
2. Apparatus 6-7
3. Theory 7
4. procedure 7-8
5. Diagram 8
6. Observatio 9
ns
7. Calculation 9-11
5
s
8. Result 12
9. Precautions 12-13
10. Source of 13
error
11. Bibliograph 14
y
12. Thank you 15
EXPERIMENT
AIM:
To study the variation of the volume
of a gas with pressure at constant
temperature using doctor’s syringe.
6
APPARATUS:
Doctor’
s syringe
Rubber
tubing
Pressur
e gauge(optional)
Therm
ometer
Water
bath or constant temperature
environment
Balloon
s
THEORY:
7
Boyle’s law states that, at constant
temperature, the volume of a gas is
inversely proportional to the
pressure. Mathematically, this is
expressed as:
P1V1=P2V2
Where P1 and P2 are the initial and
final pressure, and V1 and V2 are
the initial and final volumes.
PROCEDURE:
1. We
should blow up a balloon to a
fixed size and attach it to a
syringe.
2. After
that we should record the initial
pressure (using a pressure sensor
or manometer) and volume (by
measuring the circumference or
diameter) of the balloon.
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3. Then
we should slowly inflate the
balloon by pushing the syringe
plunger, while keeping the
temperature constant.
4. We
should record the pressure and
volume at regular intervals.
5. We
should keep repeating the
process for multiple balloons to
ensure accurate results.
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DIAGRAM:
Sl Initial Initial Final Final P1* P2*V
no. volume pressur volume pressur V1 2
(V1) e(P1) (V2) e(P2)
10
(ml) (atm) (ml) (atm)
1. 40 1.00 20 2 40. 40.0
00 0
2. 40 1.00 30 1.33 40. 39.9
00 0
3. 40 1.00 25 1.60 40. 40.0
00 0
4. 40 1.00 35 1.14 40. 39.9
00 0
5. 40 1.00 16 2.50 40. 40.0
00 0
OBSERVATION TABLE:
CALCULATIONS:
Here:
P1V1=P2V2
P1=1.00atm
V1=40ml
Then for each case:
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1. In
Serial no. 1:
V2=20ml
V1=40
P2= 2.00atm
P1=1.00
P1V1=1.00 x 40=40.00
P2V2= [Link] x 20=40.00
2. In
serial no.2:
V2=30ml
V1=40
P2=1.33atm
P1=1.00
P1V1=1.00 x 40=40.00
P2V2=1.33 x 30=39.90
3. In
serial no.3:
V2= 25ml
V1= 40 ml
P2= 1.60atm
12
P1=1.00atm
P1V1= [Link] x 40=40.00
P2V2= 1.60 x 25=40.00
4. In
serial no. 4:
V2=35ml
V1=40ml
P2=1.14atm
P1=1.00atm
P1V1=40.00
P2V2=39.90
5. In
serial no. 5
V2=16ml
V1=40ml
P2=2.50atm
P1=1.00atm
P1V1=40.00
P2V2= 40.00
RESULT:
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The product of pressure and volume
remains nearly constant, confirming
that the pressure of a gas is
inversely proportional to its volume
at constant temperature. Therefore,
Boyle’s law is verified using Doctor’s
syringe.
PRECAUTIONS:
1. CONT
ROL TEMPERATURE: We should
ensure that the temperature
remains constant when the
experiment is conducted.
2. CHEC
K APPARATUS FOR LEAKS: We
should verify that the apparatus is
air tight before starting the
experiment.
3. CALIB
RATE INSTRUMENTS: We
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should ensure that the presence
and volume sensors are
accurately calibrated.
4. USE
IDEAL GAS ASSUMPTION: We
should aware of the assumptions
of ideal gas behaviour and
consider deviations if necessary.
5. REPEA
T MEASUREMENTS: We have
taken multiple readings to ensure
the accuracy and account for any
instrumental fluctuations.
SOURCES OF ERROR:
1. NON-
CONSTANT TEMPERATURE: If
the temperature changes during
the experiment, it can affect the
pressure and volume readings.
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2. LEAKS
IN THE APPARATUS: Leaks can
cause pressure changes, affecting
the accuracy of the results.
3. INACC
URATE MEASUREMENTS:
Incorrect readings of pressure and
volume can lead to error.
4. NON-
IDEAL GAS BEHAVIOUR: Real
gas may deviate from ideal gas
behaviour, especially at high
pressures or low temperatures.
5. INSTR
UMENTAL ERRORS: Errors in
pressure or volume sensors, or
calibration issues, can affect the
results.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. CHATGPT
2. GOOGLE
3. FRIENDS
4. TEACHERS
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THANK
YOU
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