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VCE Specialist Mathematics ½

Reciprocal Functions [9.1]
Homework

Admin Info & Homework Outline:

Student Name

Questions You Need Help For

Compulsory Questions Pg 2-Pg 19

Supplementary Questions Pg 20-Pg 28

Tech Pg 29-Pg 32

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Section A: Compulsory Questions (97 Marks)

Sub-Section [9.1.1]: Sketching Reciprocal Functions

Question 1 (5 marks)

a. State the 𝑥-intercept and 𝑦-intercept of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 4. (2 marks)

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b. Sketch the graph of 𝑔(𝑥) = 2𝑥−4. Label all asymptotes with their equations and any axial intercepts with their
coordinates. (3 marks)

SM12 [9.1] - Reciprocal Functions - Homework 2

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Question 2 (6 marks)

a. Find the coordinates of the turning point and the 𝑥-intercepts of the graph of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 3. (3 marks)

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b. Hence, sketch the graph of 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 −2𝑥−3. Label all asymptotes with their equations and the turning point
with its coordinates. (3 marks)

SM12 [9.1] - Reciprocal Functions - Homework 3

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Question 3 (4 marks)

a. State the coordinates of the turning point of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 2)2 + 2. (1 mark)

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b. Hence, sketch the graph of 𝑔(𝑥) = (𝑥+2)2 +2. Label the turning point with its coordinates and any asymptotes
with their equations. (3 marks)

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SM12 [9.1] - Reciprocal Functions - Homework 4

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Sub-Section [9.1.2]: Find Properties of Rational Functions

Question 4 (5 marks)

𝑥 2 +3𝑥+5 𝑐
a. Use polynomial long division to express 𝑓(𝑥) = in the form (𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏) + . (3 marks)
𝑥+1 𝑥+1

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b. Hence, state the equations of the oblique and vertical asymptotes of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥). (2 marks)

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SM12 [9.1] - Reciprocal Functions - Homework 5

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Question 5 (4 marks)

𝑥 2 −4
a. State the domain of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥−2
. (1 mark)

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b. Simplify the expression for 𝑓(𝑥) and state the coordinates of the point of discontinuity. (3 marks)

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SM12 [9.1] - Reciprocal Functions - Homework 6

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Question 6 (5 marks)

𝑥+𝑎
Consider the function 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 −9.

a. For what value(s) of 𝑎 will the graph have only one vertical asymptote? (2 marks)

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b. For what value of 𝑎 will the graph have an 𝑥-intercept at 𝑥 = 5? (1 mark)

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c. For what value of 𝑎 will the graph have a 𝑦-intercept at (0, −1)? (2 marks)

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SM12 [9.1] - Reciprocal Functions - Homework 7

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Sub-Section [9.1.3]: Sketching Rational Functions

Question 7 (7 marks)

2𝑥−8
Consider the function 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥+1)(𝑥−3).

a. State the equations of all asymptotes of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥). (2 marks)

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b. Find the coordinates of all axial intercepts. (2 marks)

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c. Sketch the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥). Label all features found in parts a. and b. (3 marks)

SM12 [9.1] - Reciprocal Functions - Homework 8

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Question 8 (8 marks)

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Consider the function 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 2 + 𝑥+1.

a. State the equations of the vertical and oblique asymptotes. (2 marks)

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b. Find the coordinates of the 𝑦-intercept. (1 mark)

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c. Find the coordinates of the 𝑥-intercept(s). (2 marks)

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d. Sketch the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑔(𝑥). Label all asymptotes and intercepts. (3 marks)

SM12 [9.1] - Reciprocal Functions - Homework 9

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Sub-Section: Problem Solving

Question 9 (4 marks)

A rational function is formed from a polynomial division that results in an oblique asymptote at 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 3 and a
constant remainder. The function has a vertical asymptote at 𝑥 = 2 and passes through the point (4, 9).

a. Determine the equation of the function. (2 marks)

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b. Find the exact coordinates of the 𝑥-intercepts of the function. (2 marks)

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SM12 [9.1] - Reciprocal Functions - Homework 10

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Question 10 (5 marks)

𝑥 2 −𝑥−2
Consider the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 +𝑎𝑥−6.

a. Find all possible values of 𝑎 for which the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) has a point of discontinuity. (2 marks)

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b. For the positive value of a found in part a., find the coordinates of the point of discontinuity and the equation
of the vertical asymptote. (3 marks)

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SM12 [9.1] - Reciprocal Functions - Homework 11

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Question 11 (8 marks)

𝑥 3 −4𝑥
Consider the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 −1
.

𝑅(𝑥)
a. Express 𝑓(𝑥) in the form 𝑄(𝑥) + 𝐷(𝑥), where the degree of 𝑅(𝑥) is less than the degree of 𝐷(𝑥). (2 marks)

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b. State the equations of all asymptotes. (1 mark)

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c. Find the coordinates of all axial intercepts. (2 marks)

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d. Sketch the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥), labelling all asymptotes and intercepts. (3 marks)

SM12 [9.1] - Reciprocal Functions - Homework 12

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Question 12 (5 marks)

A rational function has a horizontal asymptote at 𝑦 = 2, its only vertical asymptote at 𝑥 = 3, its only 𝑥-intercept at
(−1, 0), and a point of discontinuity at 𝑥 = −4.

a. Determine the equation of the function in its original form. That is, before the point of discontinuity factor is
cancelled. (3 marks)

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b. Show that the 𝑦-intercept of the function 𝑖𝑠 (0, −2/3). (2 marks)

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SM12 [9.1] - Reciprocal Functions - Homework 13

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Question 13 (4 marks)

𝑥−𝑎
Consider the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 +9.

a. Describe the number and type of asymptotes for the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥). (2 marks)

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b. Find the value of 𝑎 such that the graph passes through the point (4, 25). (2 marks)

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SM12 [9.1] - Reciprocal Functions - Homework 14

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Question 14 (5 marks)

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Consider the function 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑥.

a. State the equations of all asymptotes of the graph. (1 mark)

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b. Find the coordinates of the 𝑥-intercept. (1 mark)

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c. Sketch the graph, labelling the intercept and showing the asymptotic behaviour clearly. (3 marks)

SM12 [9.1] - Reciprocal Functions - Homework 15

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Sub-Section: Tech Free ‘Final Boss’

Question 15 (8 marks)

𝑥 2 +𝑎𝑥+𝑏
The graph of the rational function 𝑓(𝑥) = has the following properties:
𝑥+𝑐

The asymptotes of the graph intersect at the point (1, −2).

The graph passes through the origin, (0, 0).

a. Use this information to find the values of 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐. (4 marks)

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b. Find the coordinates of all axial intercepts of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥). (1 mark)

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SM12 [9.1] - Reciprocal Functions - Homework 16

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c. Sketch the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥), labelling all asymptotes and axial intercepts. (3 marks)

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SM12 [9.1] - Reciprocal Functions - Homework 17

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Sub-Section: Tech Active ‘Final Boss’

Question 16 (14 marks)

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Consider the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 2 + .
𝑥+1

a. State the equations of the asymptotes of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥). (1 mark)

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b. State the coordinates of the turning points of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥). Classify them. (2 marks)

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c. Find the coordinates of the axial intercept. (1 mark)

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d. A line perpendicular to the oblique asymptote passes through the local minimum turning point of the graph of
𝑓(𝑥). Find the equation of this line. (3 marks)

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SM12 [9.1] - Reciprocal Functions - Homework 18

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e. This perpendicular line from part d. intersects the other branch of the graph of 𝑓(𝑥) at a point 𝑃. Find the
coordinates of 𝑃. (2 marks)

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f. Find the shortest distance from the origin to the oblique asymptote. (2 marks)

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g. A new function is defined by 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥). Find the equation of the horizontal asymptote of the graph of
𝑦 = 𝑔(𝑥). Explain your answer by comparing it to the oblique asymptote of 𝑓(𝑥). (3 marks)

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SM12 [9.1] - Reciprocal Functions - Homework 19

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Section B: Supplementary Questions (48 Marks)

Sub-Section: Exam 𝟏 Questions

Question 17 (6 marks)

𝑥 3 +8
Consider the function 𝑓(𝑥) = .
𝑥 2 −4

a. Show that the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) has a point of discontinuity and find its coordinates. (3 marks)

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b. Find the equations of the oblique and vertical asymptotes of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥). (3 marks)

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SM12 [9.1] - Reciprocal Functions - Homework 20

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Question 18 (7 marks)

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Consider the function 𝑔(𝑥) = 1 − (𝑥−1)2.

a. Find the equations of the horizontal and vertical asymptotes of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑔(𝑥). (2 marks)

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b. Find the coordinates of any axial intercepts. (2 marks)

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c. Sketch the graph of 𝑆, labelling all asymptotes and intercepts. (3 marks)

SM12 [9.1] - Reciprocal Functions - Homework 21

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Question 19 (7 marks)

2𝑥+5
A function is defined by the rule 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥+1
.

𝑏
a. Express 𝑓(𝑥) in the form 𝑎 + and state the equations of the asymptotes. (3 marks)
𝑥+1

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b. Find the rule for the inverse function 𝑓 −1 (𝑥). (2 marks)

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c. State the domain and range of 𝑓 −1 (𝑥). (2 marks)

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SM12 [9.1] - Reciprocal Functions - Homework 22

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Sub-Section: Exam 𝟐 Questions

Question 20 (1 mark)

𝑥−2
The graph of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 −4 has:

A. A vertical asymptote at 𝑥 = 2 and a point of discontinuity at 𝑥 = −2.

B. A vertical asymptote at 𝑥 = −2 and a point of discontinuity at 𝑥 = 2.

C. Vertical asymptotes at 𝑥 = 2 and 𝑥 = −2.

D. A vertical asymptote at 𝑥 = −2 and no point of discontinuity.

Question 21 (1 mark)

3𝑥 2 −2𝑥+1
The equation of the oblique asymptote of the graph of 𝑦 = is:
𝑥+1

A. 𝑦 = 3𝑥 − 2

B. 𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 1

C. 𝑦 = 3𝑥 − 5

D. 𝑦 = 3𝑥 − 4

Question 22 (1 mark)

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The graph of 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 −𝑘 has exactly one vertical asymptote. The value of 𝑘 is:

A. 𝑘 > 0

B. 𝑘 < 0

C. 𝑘 = 0

D. 𝑘 = 1

SM12 [9.1] - Reciprocal Functions - Homework 23

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Question 23 (1 mark)

1−4𝑥+6𝑥 2
As 𝑥 → −∞, the graph of 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 2 +𝑥
approaches the line:

A. 𝑦 = 0

1
B. 𝑦 =
2

C. 𝑦 = 2

D. 𝑦 = 3

Question 24 (1 mark)

2
The range of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = is:
𝑥 2 +3

A. ℝ \ {0}

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B. (0, 3]

2
C. [3 , ∞)

2
D. (−∞, 0) ∪ [ , ∞)
3

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SM12 [9.1] - Reciprocal Functions - Homework 24

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Sub-Section: Extended Response Questions

Question 25 (9 marks)

The amount, 𝐴(𝑡) grams, of a substance in a chemical reaction at time 𝑡 minutes (𝑡 ≥ 0) is modelled by the
10𝑡 2 +30
function 𝐴(𝑡) = 𝑡 2 +𝑡+3
.

a. What is the initial amount of the substance? (1 mark)

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b. What is the limiting amount of the substance in the long term? (1 mark)

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c. Find the minimum amount of the substance present and the time at which it occurs, correct to two decimal
places. (2 marks)

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d. The amount of a second substance, 𝐵(𝑡) grams, is modelled by 𝐵(𝑡) = 𝑡 + 6. Find the time when the amounts
of substance 𝐴 and substance 𝐵 are equal, correct to two decimal places. (2 marks)

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SM12 [9.1] - Reciprocal Functions - Homework 25

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e. Sketch the graphs of 𝑦 = 𝐴(𝑡) and 𝑦 = 𝐵(𝑡) on the same set of axes for 0 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 8. (3 marks)

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Question 26 (14 marks)

𝑥 2 −6𝑥+8
Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥−𝑘
, where 𝑘 is a real constant.

a. Find the values of 𝑘 for which the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) has a point of discontinuity. (2 marks)

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b. Let 𝑘 = 1. Find the coordinates of the turning points of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥). (2 marks)

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c. Let 𝑘 = 1. For what values of 𝑚 will the line 𝑦 = 𝑚 intersect the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) twice? (2 marks)

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SM12 [9.1] - Reciprocal Functions - Homework 27

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d. Let 𝑘 = 3. The normal to the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) at the point where 𝑥 = 2 intersects the vertical asymptote of
the graph. Find the coordinates of this point of intersection. Do not differentiate by hand. (4 marks)

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e. Find the values of 𝑘 for which the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) has no turning points. Do not differentiate by hand.
(4 marks)

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SM12 [9.1] - Reciprocal Functions - Homework 28

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Section C: Tech Solutions

Question
Solutions
Number

16

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20

21

22

23

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25

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