UNIT 5
Interview Skills: Concept and Process - Interview Preparation Techniques - Types of Interview
Questions–Pre-interview Planning, Opening Strategies, Answering Strategies- Interview through
Tele-conference & Video-conference - Mock Interviews. Activities on Group Discussion
(GD): Types of GD and GD as a part of a Selection Procedure- Dynamics of Group Discussion-
Myths of GD - Intervention, Summarizing - Modulation of Voice, Body Language, Relevance,
Fluency and Organization of Ideas– Do’s and Don’ts-GD Strategies – Exercises for Practice.
Interview Skills: Concept and Process
Concept of Interview Skills:
Interview skills are the set of techniques, strategies, and behaviors that help individuals
successfully navigate job interviews and demonstrate their qualifications, experience, and
suitability for a position. It involves understanding the process from both the interviewer's and
interviewee's perspective. The key to mastering interview skills lies in preparation,
communication, confidence, and the ability to present oneself effectively. This skill set not only
involves answering questions competently but also engaging with the interviewer in a way that
demonstrates professionalism, emotional intelligence, and adaptability.
Process of an Interview:
An interview generally follows a structured process. It begins with the introduction, where both
parties (interviewer and interviewee) introduce themselves. The interviewer then presents a
series of questions based on the candidate's resume, experience, and the job description. The
interviewee's responses should reflect their competencies, experiences, and how they align with
the job requirements. Towards the end of the interview, the interviewer may give the candidate
an opportunity to ask questions. The interview process concludes with a wrap-up, where the next
steps in the hiring process are discussed.
Effective communication, appropriate behavior, and positive body language are essential
throughout the interview process. Candidates should always prepare to explain their skills,
experience, and values clearly and convincingly while maintaining professionalism.
Interview Preparation Techniques
Effective interview preparation is a key factor in succeeding in job interviews. Preparation
should begin as soon as the interview is scheduled and should continue until the moment the
interview begins.
1. Research the Company: Candidates must gather information about the company, its values,
its culture, its products or services, and its industry standing. This knowledge allows candidates
to tailor their responses and demonstrate genuine interest in the company and its goals.
2. Understand the Job Description: Candidates should carefully study the job description and
match their skills and experiences with the job requirements. This allows them to highlight
relevant qualifications and experience during the interview.
3. Practice Common Interview Questions: Practicing responses to common interview
questions such as "Tell me about yourself," "What are your strengths and weaknesses?" and
"Why do you want to work here?" can help candidates become more comfortable with the format
and reduce nervousness.
4. Prepare Questions for the Interviewer: Candidates should come up with insightful
questions that demonstrate their interest in the role and organization. This not only shows
preparedness but also signals engagement and initiative.
5. Mock Interviews: Engaging in mock interviews with a friend, mentor, or career coach is an
excellent way to practice. This allows candidates to receive feedback on their responses, body
language, and overall presentation.
6. Dress Appropriately: Appearance matters in an interview. Dressing in a manner that is
professional and aligned with the company culture can leave a positive impression. The attire
should be modest, clean, and comfortable.
Types of Interview Questions
Interviews can feature a wide range of questions, each designed to assess different aspects of a
candidate’s suitability for the position. The following are common types of interview questions:
1. Behavioral Questions: These questions assess how candidates have responded to specific
situations in the past. They are often phrased as "Tell me about a time when..." and are designed
to predict future behavior based on past performance.
2. Technical Questions: These questions assess the candidate's knowledge of specific technical
skills required for the job. They are commonly asked in fields such as engineering, IT, and
finance.
3. Situational Questions: Situational questions test how candidates would handle hypothetical
situations. For example, "What would you do if you were working on a project with a tight
deadline?"
4. General Questions: General questions may include inquiries such as "Tell me about
yourself," "Why do you want this job?" or "What are your long-term career goals?" These
questions help interviewers gauge a candidate’s motivations, fit for the role, and career
trajectory.
5. Competency-Based Questions: These questions focus on evaluating a candidate’s core
competencies such as problem-solving, leadership, and communication skills. These questions
often require examples that demonstrate the candidate’s proficiency in certain areas.
Pre-interview Planning, Opening Strategies, and Answering Strategies
Pre-interview Planning: The most important pre-interview preparation involves ensuring that
all logistics are taken care of. This includes confirming the interview time, location, and format
(e.g., in-person, telephonic, or video). The candidate should plan their journey to the interview
location, allowing extra time for potential delays. Also, reviewing their resume and
understanding every detail on it is essential, as interviewers may ask questions about anything
listed.
Opening Strategies: The opening of an interview sets the tone for the entire conversation.
Candidates should start with a firm handshake (in-person), introduce themselves with
confidence, and express gratitude for the opportunity. An elevator pitch about one’s career
background and why they are interested in the role should be prepared beforehand.
Answering Strategies: While answering questions, candidates should use the STAR method
(Situation, Task, Action, Result) to structure responses to behavioral questions effectively. It is
essential to be concise and focused on the key aspects of each answer. Avoid speaking negatively
about previous employers or colleagues and instead emphasize positive experiences and learning
from past situations.
Interview through Tele-conference & Video-conference
With the rise of remote work and digital communication, virtual interviews have become more
common. A tele-conference interview is typically done over the phone, while a video-conference
interview uses platforms like Zoom or Skype.
Preparation for Tele-conference: For a phone interview, candidates should find a quiet
location with minimal distractions, ensure their phone is fully charged, and have a copy of their
resume and notes nearby for quick reference. It's important to speak clearly and maintain a
positive tone throughout the conversation.
Preparation for Video-conference: Video-conference interviews require additional preparation.
Ensure the lighting is good, the background is neutral and professional, and the internet
connection is stable. Candidates should dress professionally from head to toe, as camera angles
can reveal more than just the face. It is also critical to maintain eye contact by looking into the
camera rather than the screen.
Mock Interviews
Mock interviews simulate real interview situations and are an excellent way to practice. These
exercises help candidates become more comfortable with the interview format, improve their
speaking skills, and get feedback on areas for improvement. Mock interviews can be conducted
with a career coach, mentor, or even a friend.
Activities on Group Discussion (GD)
Types of Group Discussions: Group Discussions (GDs) are often part of the selection process
for many organizations, especially in corporate settings. Common types of GDs include:
1. Topic-based GDs: The group discusses a specific topic or issue, such as current events,
societal issues, or industry trends.
2. Case-based GDs: The group is presented with a scenario or case study to analyze and
provide solutions to.
3. Role-play GDs: Participants are assigned roles to play in a simulated situation.
GD as a Part of a Selection Procedure: Group Discussions assess communication skills,
teamwork, leadership potential, and problem-solving abilities. Candidates are judged not only on
their knowledge of the topic but also on their ability to communicate ideas effectively and work
collaboratively with others.
Dynamics of Group Discussion: Effective GD participants are those who listen attentively,
contribute relevant ideas, and foster a cooperative environment. It is essential to stay on topic
and allow others to speak.
Myths of GD:
1. Loud voices win: Speaking loudly does not guarantee a win; clarity, relevance, and idea
organization are more important.
2. Speaking the most makes one a leader: Leadership in GD is about guiding the
discussion and encouraging others to participate, not dominating the conversation.
3. Knowledge of the topic is the only factor: While knowledge is essential, effective
communication, teamwork, and leadership are equally important.
Intervention, Summarizing: Intervening in a GD should be done politely and when necessary.
It helps to steer the discussion back to the topic if it goes off-track. Summarizing key points
towards the end can help consolidate ideas and demonstrate leadership.
Modulation of Voice, Body Language, Relevance, Fluency, and Organization of Ideas: A
participant should speak clearly, modulate their voice, and ensure that their body language is
confident yet approachable. Relevance and fluency are key, as are the organization of ideas.
Do’s and Don’ts in GD:
Do's:
o Listen actively and wait for your turn.
o Contribute meaningful ideas.
o Respect others' opinions.
o Maintain a positive attitude.
Don’ts:
o Interrupt others.
o Get personal or emotional.
o Dominate the conversation.
o Speak without thinking.
GD Strategies and Exercises for Practice: Some strategies to excel in GDs include preparing
on a wide range of topics, practicing mock GDs, and working on articulation and body language.
Exercises such as reading newspapers, discussing current events, and engaging in debates can
enhance GD performance.