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Bacterial Classification Overview

The document provides an overview of bacterial classification based on morphological and physiological characteristics, including Gram staining and spore formation. It discusses various bacterial types such as cocci, bacilli, and anaerobes, along with methods for identification like biochemical tests and numerical taxonomy. Additionally, it covers nomenclature and computer identification techniques for bacteria.

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Affum Emmanuel
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6 views18 pages

Bacterial Classification Overview

The document provides an overview of bacterial classification based on morphological and physiological characteristics, including Gram staining and spore formation. It discusses various bacterial types such as cocci, bacilli, and anaerobes, along with methods for identification like biochemical tests and numerical taxonomy. Additionally, it covers nomenclature and computer identification techniques for bacteria.

Uploaded by

Affum Emmanuel
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

CLASSIFICATION

Orderly arrangement of bacteria


into groups according to common
characteristics

BAHS 101
Introduction to Microbiology
Lecture 2

Department Medical Laboratory Sciences


School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, UG
Morphological types
Additional characteristics

• Spores

• Staining reaction - Gram & acid


fast

• Presence and location of flagella


Early names

• Bacillus anthracis

• Bacillus diphtheriae(corynebacteria)
Gram stain

G +ve G -ve
COCCI
Spherical or almost spherical
• G +ve
• Streptococci- long or short chains

• Staphylococci & Micrococci- mainly clusters


with few short chains

• Sarcina- cubical packets

• G –ve
• Neisseria – usually in pairs
Anaerobes
• G+ve
• Peptostreptococci –Ano2 Streps
• Peptococcus -Ano2 Staph

• G-ve
• Veillonella –small cocci in pairs
Anaerobic Jar
Bacilli(rods)
• Non-spore formers
• Corynebacteria –chinese characters
//\\\ club-shaped

–Listeria

–Lactobacteria
–Bifidobacteria
Bacilli 2
• Spore-formers
–Bacillus- aerobic
–Clostridia- anaerobic

• Acid-fast bacilli (AFB)


–Mycobacteria
–Nocardia- weakly acid-fast
Gram –ve rods
• Aerobic • Anaerobic

• Proteus • Bacteriodes
• Salmonella • Fusobacteria
• Pseudomonas
• Escherichia
• etc
G –ves 2
• Curved rods • Spiral
organisms
• Vibrio
• Campylobacter • Borrelia
• Treponemes
• Leptospira
Physiological classification
• Studied by doing biochemical tests in
the Lab.

• These could be easily detected and


used to identify bacteria more
specifically

• To be discussed under identification


Numerical taxonomy
• Determine 50 – 200 characters of a large
number of strain
• Note results as +ve or –ve
• Use formula to calculate similarities

• S = Ns >< 100
Ns +Nd
DNA Composition
• Genome size- molecular wt of bacteria
DNA
• Guanine +Cytosine content
Range of 25-75% for all bacteria
• Cl. tetani 30-32
• Staphylococcus 32-34
• Neisseria 48-50
• Pseudomonas 66-68
Nomenclature
(name of the bacteria)

• Generic name- Capital eg Clostridia

• Specific name- may be descriptive eg


albus=white
– Staph albus

– Subtyping - differentiation of species


into strains
Nomenclature 2
• Types
–Immunological differentiation
–eg Streptococcus Group A

–Vibrio cholerae ( ogawa)


Computer identification

Do several tests,

enter results into


a computer

Name comes up

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