OSRM DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
College of Engineering and Technology Set-1
SRM Institute of Science and Technology
Kattankulathur - 603203
INTERNAL ASSESSMENT II [CLAI T2]
ANSWER KEY
Program: [Link] Datc: 13/10/2023
Course Code & Title:21CYB101J & Chemistry Duration: 08.00 09.00AM
Year &Sem: IYear & ISem Max. Marks: 30 marks
Part - A(10 x 1 =10 Marks)
Answer ALL the Questions
1, (b) Decreases
2. (c)0
3. (d)All the above
4. (c) BH,
5. (d) Frictional energy
6. (b) AH
7. (c) Energised electrons moving to the other end
8. (b) 1.24 V
9. (a)Titanium
10. (a)Anode undergoes oxidation
Part- B(2 x 10 =20 Marks)
11. (2) i. What is electron affinity? What are the factors influencing it and arrange Br, F, I and CI in
the order of increasing electron affinity. (4 Marks)
Electron affinity [2Marks]
Order of increasing electron affinity [2Marks]
The amount of energy released when a neutral atom in its gaseous state accepts an electron
and gets converted into a negatively charged ion is known as electron affinity.
Since fluorine has a smaller size than chlorine, the electron-electroni repulsion is very high,
which resists the addition of any further electron to the atom. Thus the electron affinity
follows the order.
lodine < bromine< fluorine < chlorine
ii. According to Pearson's rule distinguish between
A)Hard acid and soft acid B) Hard base and soft base (6 Marks)
Hard acidand soft acid Any 3 |3 Marks]
Hard base and soft base Any 3 |3 Marks]
HARD-sOFT ACIDS & BASES
CHARACTERISTIOcs & DIFFERENCEs
HARD ACID SOFT ACID
Small ionic radius Large ionic radius
High positive chargo Low posltivo chargo
Low glactronogativity Intermodiale lectronegativity
ighenargy LUMC) Low onemy LUMO
HARD BASE SOFT BASC
Small radlus Large radlus
High elactrongotivity ioterdiate alocronogotlvity
Wouk polarlzalbility High polarizability
High energy HOMO Low unorov HOO
(OR)
(b) i. Calculate the Gibbs free energy for a reaction which involves the change in enthalpy as
19.07 Kcal and change in entropy as 90 cal/K at 293K (4 Marks)
Formula [1Mark]
Calculation (3Marks)
AG= AH-TAS;
here AH= 19.07 kcal and AS = 90 cal/K,
AG= 19.07 Kcal -293(90 cal/K)
= 19.07 Kcal - 26.37 Kcal
=-7300 cal = -7.3 Kcal.
The Gibbs free energy change is -7.3 Kcal
ii Derive Nernst equation and give its applications (6 Marks)
Derivation |4Marks]
Any one application | 2Marks]
The Nernst Equation is derived from the Gibbs free energy under standard
E = E°reduction conditions.
E°oxidation (1)
AG is also related to E under general conditions (standard or not) via
AG=-nFE (2)
with
n is the number of electrons transferred in the reaction (from balanced reaction),
F is the Faraday constant (96,500 C/mol), and
E is potential difference.
Under standard conditions, Equation 2 is then
AG° = - nFE°. (3)
Hence, when E° is positive, the reaction is spontaneous and when E° is negative, the reaction
is non-spontaneous. From thermodynamics, the Gibbs energy change under non-standard
conditions can be related to the Gibbs energy change under standard Equations via
AG = AGO + RTInQ (4)
Substituting AG=-nFE and AG° =- nFE° into Equation
4, we have:
-nFE = nFE + RTInQ
(5)
Divide both sides of the Equation above by -nF, we have
E = E® RT/nF In Q (6)
Equation 6 can be rewritten in the form of logi:
E = EO 2.303RT/nF log1oQ (7)
At standard temperature T = 298 K, the 2.303RTF2.303RTF term equals 0.0592 Vand
Equation 7 can be rewritten:
E-E°-0.0592V/n log1o (8)
The Equation above indicates that the electrical potential ofa cell depends upon the reaction
quotient Q of the reaction. As the redox reaction proceeds, reactants are consumed, and thus
concentration of reactants decreases. Conversely, the products concentration increases due to
the increased in products formation. As this happens, cell potential gradually decreases until
the reaction is at equilibrium, at which AG=0. At equilibrium, the reaction quotient Q=Keq.
Also, at equilibrium, AG=0 and AG=-nFE, so E-0.
Therefore, substituting Q=Keq and E=0 into the Nernst Equation, we have:
0=E°-RT/nF In Keq (9)
At room temperature, Equation 9 simplifies into (notice natural log was converted to log
base 10):
0=E°-0.0592V/n log1o Keq (10)
This can be rearranged into:
logKeq=nE°0.0592/V (11)
The Equation above indicates that the equilibrium constant Keq is proportional to the
standard potential of the reaction. Specifically, when:
K>1,E>0, reaction favors products formation.
K<l,E°<0, reaction favors reactants formation.
12. (a) i. Give an account of Hydrogen evolution type of wet corrosion (4 Marks)
Diagram [2Marks]
Explanation with equation [2 Marks]
Mechanism of wet corrosion by
hydrogen evolution
D o f A c a d i c soutis
electiolj
Fe
(iugc) (lar se.
Srull Cathoc
What is the expression for the solubility product constant of common salt? What factors
afect the value of Ksp? (6 Marks)
Explanation [3Marks]
Expression |IMarkl
Factors [2 Marks]
The chemical formula of common salt is NaCI. When dissolved in polar solvents, one
sodium chloride molecule dissociates into one sodium cation and one chloride anion.
This equilibrium reaction can be represented as follows.
NaCl Nat +CI
Therefore, the solubility product constant can be expressed as:
Ksp = [Na[Cr]
The common-ion effect (the presence of a common ion lowers the value of Ksp).
The diverse-ion effect (if the ions of the solutes are uncommon, the value of Kspwill
be high).
The presence of ion-pairs.
(OR)
(b) i. What is Internal energy? Give its relation with enthalpy. (SMarks)
Internal energy (2Mark]
Relation with enthalpy [3Marks]
The developed heat (either absorbed or released) equals the change in enthalpy when a
process starts at constant pressure. The total of internal energy, written by U, and the
product of volume and pressure, denoted by PV, is enthalpy change, expressed in the
following manner:
H-U+PV
Enthalpy can also be thought of as a state function composed entirely of the state
functions P,T, and U. It is usually demonstrated by the difference in enthalpy (H) of a
process between its initial and final states.
AH=AU+PAV
According to the following equation, the flowof heat (9) at constant pressure in a process
equals the change in enthalpy.
AH-gA
As we discussed above,
H=U+PV
where, H is the enthalpy,
U
is the internal energy,
P is the pressure and V is the volume.
Consider a process that takes place at constant pressure and only allows pressure-volume
work(w-PAV):
The change in enthalpy is then given by:
AH=AU+A(PV)=AH=AU+PAVand,
AU=qP+w»AU=qP-PAV
Replacing AU by its expression in the expression of AH
we get:
AH-qP at constant pressure.
ii. What is the Cell Potential of the electrochemical cell in which the cell reaction is:
Pb² + Cd ’ Pb+ Ca²* Given that E cell = 0.277 volts, temperature= 25°C, [Cd]=0.02
M, and [Pb]= 0.2 M.
Formula
Calculation
[IMark]
|3 Marks]
Result
[IMarks]
Since the temperature is equal to 25°C, the Nernst equation can be written as follows:
Ecell E'cell -(0.0592/n) logioQ
Here, two moles of electrons are transferred in the reaction. Therefore, n=2.
The reaction quotient () is given by [CdV[Pb] = (0.02M)(0.2M) =0.1.
The equation can now be rewritten as:
Eoel =0.277 - (0.0592/2) x log1o(0.1) = 0.277 -(0.0296)(-1) =0.3066 Volts
Thus, the cell potential of this electrochemical cell at a temperature of 25°C is 0.3066 volts