Androecium Units - Stamens
Anther Filament
Anther Each anther is usually bilobed and each lobe has two chambers, the pollen-
sacs
The pollen grains are produced in pollen-sacs
Sterile stamen: Stamiinode. E.g. Mango
Union of stamen
Adhesion
Fusion of stamen with other parts of flower
Epipetalous: Attach with petals
E.g. sunflower, Duranta, Brinjal,
Solanaceae
Epiphylous: Attach with Tepals
e.g. Lily
Gynostegium: Attach with Carpel
e.g. orchid, Calotropis
Union of stamen
Cohesion Filaments united anther
Fusion of stamen between them free
Monoadelphous: The stamens may be
united into one bunch or one bundle as in
china rose (Malvaceae)
Diadelphous: The stamens may be united
into two bundle as in pea (Fabaceae)
Polyadelphous: The stamens may be
united into more than two bundle. E.g.
Citrus , Bombex
Union of stamen
Cohesion
Fusion of stamen between them Anther united, filament free
Syngenesious: Sunflower
(Compositae)
Union of stamen
Cohesion Anther and stamen unit
Fusion of stamen between them together
Synandrous: Cucurbitiaceae
Union of stamen
The stamens in a flower remain free
Polyandrous:
Length of stamen
Isostemonous: All stamens are of equal
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Dedynamous: 2+2, outer two smaller,
Inner two larger. e.g. Labiatae/
Lamiaceae
(Salvia)
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Tetradedynamous: 2+4, outer two
smaller, inner four larger
e.g. Criciferae/ Brassicaceae
(Brassica (mustard),
Heterostemony: Stamens are of
different length
e.g. Cassia
Attachment of filament to anther
(i) Basifixed: Filament attached to the base of
anther.
e.g., Mustard.
(ii) Adnate: Filament attached along the whole
length of anther.
e.g., Michelia, Magnolia.
(iii) Dorsifixed: Filament attached to the back of
anther, e.g.,Passion flower.
(iv) Versatile: Anther lobes attached with filament
in themiddle portion with both ends free.
e.g., Gramineae family.
Gynoecium Units – Carpel/ Pistil
Style Stigma Ovary
Each ovary contains ovule on placenta.
Monocarpilary – Fabaceae
Multicarpilary – Solanaceae,
Liliaceae, Papaver, Michelia
Apocarpous – carples free. E.g., lotus ,
rose, Michelia
Syncarpous – carple fused. E.g.,
mustard , tomato, Solanaceae ,
Lilaceae , Brassiceae, Papaver
Number of locules in ovary
(i) Unilocular: One locule, e.g., rose, pea.
(parietal placentation)
(ii) Bilocular: Two locules. e.g., datura.
(iii) Multilocular: Many locules, e.g., lady’s
finger, China rose, tomato
Placentation
Arrangement of the ovle within ovary.
Suture – joining between ovary wall
•Marginal – allong the ventral surface two rows . E.g., pea,
Fabaceae
•Axile – multilocular ovary ovules arrise from axis. E.g., china
rose, tomato, lemon, Liliaceae
Placentation
•Parietal – ovules arrise along the perifery of the ovary.,
generally single locule. Sometimes it becomes two chambered
due to false septum( replum) e.g., mustard , Argemone
•Free central – like axile but septa absent. E.g, Dianthus, Primose.
•Basal – from the base of ovary , single ovule . E.g., sunflower ,
marigold
FRUIT
Mature ripened ovary after fertilization
Fruit developed without fertilization:
perthenocarpic fruit, e.g. bannana
Fruit wall: pericarp
Parts of pericarp: outer epicarp, middle mesocarp and
inner endocarp
Mango: it is example of Drup. The outer epicarp
form the skin, mesocarp is fleshy and edible, inner
endocarp is stony and hard
Coconut: it is example of Drup. Epicarp and
mesocarp form the husk. Mesocarp is fibrous.
Edible part is endosperm
Example of some other fruit:
Berry: Found in the members of Solanaceae, some
members of Liliaceae
Capsule: Found in the members of Solanaceae,
Legume: Found in the members of Fabaceae
Fleshy fruit: guava, orange, mango
Dry fruit: groundnut, mustard
True fruit: fruit developed from ovary
simple fruit: mango
aggregate fruit: Anonus
False fruit: fruit developed other part with ovary ovary, e.g. from thalamus in
apple, cashew, strwberry
Compound fruit: whole inflorescence covert into fruit. E.g. jack fruit