Es Meani 4.1 Meaning Of Develo lopment means all round inn techy sith dignity and good standard of jy oY! SAY fe vp known as Progress, ving, Development pifferent People and Ditferent Goal people have different goals due to which, fometimes different and conflicting For ey, Pp arralcts wart big dare for titi ene” Peement. However, dams dipace ead oy focal people prefer small check dams or tanks fea irrigation. ‘his shows the following two aspects of development (i) Different persons can have different developmental goals. Development for one may not be development for another. It may even be harmful for the other. Income and Other Goals 's considered as the most important component of sed to buy material goods! and development is (ii) Income i development as it can be w 1.2. National Development Andie die pa eb nator devtopnat ial toe ifeent Ti ‘goals can also be conflicting. ee National development means thinking about the following ‘= Whether all the ideas taken are equally important ‘© Whether the decisions taken are fair and just forall ‘= Whether there isa better way of doing things ‘= Whether the idea benefit a large number of people oF only a small group. 11.3 Comparison of Different Countries or States “For comparing countries, their income is considered tobe: ‘one ofthe most important factors. Countries with higher incomes are more developed economically than others with lower incomes. “This is because more income means that people have more of the things they need, such as food, shelter and healthcare ‘Total Income of the country isthe income ofall the services. Apart from income, people also seek non-material things: y Asano ans like equal treatment, freedom, security and respect of However, this is not a useful measure as countries have thers, Thus, the quality of our life depends on both different populations and comparing total income will ot material things and non-material things state the average amount earned bya person. rage is calculated by dividing total income people look at a mix of goals and these "Thus, average income sun Freee gots ecude oth better income and other of country {GDP) by its total population. 1s also called Pet aaa ce lor ve. s can purchase. ttc These oe fame tet cones ={In World Development Reports, the World Bank use the criteria of Per Capita Income to classify the countresin the following ways ( Countries with PCI of US $ 49,300 per annum and above in 2019 are termed as high income or rich countries. These countries, excluding middle Eastern countries, are generally called Developed countries, Gi) Countries with PCI of US $ 2500 or less are termed as low income countries. In 2019, India's per capita income was only about US $ 6700 por annum and it was classified as a low middle income country 1.4 Income and Other Criteria Apart from average income, other factors should also be considered for measuring the development of a nation or a region. These factors are = Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) It indicates the number of children that die before the age of | year as a Proportion of 1000 live children born in that articular year. * Literacy Rate It measures the proportion of literate Population aged 7 years or above = Net Attendance Ratio It is the total number of children of age group 14 and 15 years attending school, as a percentage of total number of children in the same age group. Thus, money cannot buy all the goods and services that are needed to live well. So, income is not an adequate indicator of material goods and services thatthe people are able to use. 1, What Is the reason of people having contrasting and conflicting development? 2. Identify the term that is used to describe the overall economic production of a country. 3. As per World Development Report, nami 's ranked as low middle income country. ‘4. Mention the names of the factors used for measuring the development of a nation or a region. ‘country that 2.5 Public Facilities Moneyalone cannot by er PB Meer ag For example, icant buy clean air or safe medicing you lve ina place that already has thes thingy, protect you from diseases unless everyone works lope prevent them ‘ Public facilities are provided by the government for collective benefit of the society. States where adequate publi facilites ar provided, ay, more progres For example, Kerala haw Infant yn Rate due to good basic health and educational facile" Sima in tates here thet goed Puli Disiyg, System (PDS), the health and nutritional status of ey , better. EV enon Body Mass Index (BMI) is an international standard weg to determine whether an adult person is undernourisp or not en the weight of a person is divided by the square of Pde eestiente iid urea ‘BMI=Weight in kg/height in metres? For example, fa girl student is 14 years and 8 month oi, and the BMLis 152, then she is undernourished. Simi, ifthe BMI of a boy aged 15 years and 6 months is 28, then he is overweight. ‘The BMI is an important way to understand the level of nutrition a person takes. Human Development Report The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) releases the Human. Development Index (HDI) for 189 countries each year in its Human Development Repor. ‘The HDI is the best method to measure development ‘The report compares countries based on three criterias namely Living standard (Per Capita Income) * Health status (Life Expectancy") = Educational levels of the people (Literacy rate and ye of schooling). 7 Rants Distribution Sytem (PDS) Its afd securty system established by the Goverment of India to Provide essential items at subsidised rt ‘ice, wheat, sugar, Kerosene. 3 _Underourished refers to person who does not get proper nutrition as per his body weight and heignt. 4 Life Expectancy it refers to the numberof years person can expect to lve, 354 Allinone Social Science Class 10Eo sae ae 13-2024). The Human Joe heal elucater eeepc , ys. small neighbouring cow nt Partclaly found th agrees fonsmalcatieaiamamecrne Saoam ema ere 2a franintesh bare lowe prepa immo ace ties rnc Cl ee ee ve enews ofciizng ain ‘Thus, the whole wold is facing environmental degradation sustainability of Development Sustainable: eveloomen sth way trough wih s count including India wants. ee sto be Envi eereatthe ed ome a deve vironmental problem affect everyone no matter where aunty However the present [Link] of theives - Jlopment are HOt sustainable jewable resources Nowe Are those that get exhs jew years of use. These: or fier afew years of use. These resources can nate 4. Name an international standard to understand the ev ot on ee ‘uttion a person takes. repel and there fied tock ony Renewable 2. Name all the ceria based on which the Human peparces ore FeBienuest DY Mature bot ict are overused. ncaa ROO COs on forexample, groundwater which is used more than whats * Mentythe tam thatreferstoretacing neue of naturel ‘resources with he aim to save forthe future urces are 4. wien states or regons are fast depleting eit eo ‘roundwater eserves? feplenished by rain, Some examples that show overuse of ture genes met sere wine compro ne set te neds ot pment a 8 5 Sustainable Dev thelr own needs ment iis the dover erent Xie caper 1: development 4