STUDY OF PREPERATION OF SOAP USING SOYBEAN OIL

FOR PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF CLASS XII NEB EXAMINATION

Submitted by: Submitted to:

1. Akriti Baakhu Shrestha (302) Department of Chemistry
2. Akrit Nepal (305) Khwopa Secondary School
3. Alish Gaisi (307) Dekocha-6, Bhaktapur
4. Amrit Gautam (308)
5. Darshan Danuwar (314)
6. Joshep Shrestha (318)

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 DECLARATION

We hereby declare that the project work entitled "Study of preparation of soap by soybean oil"
submitted to Khwopa Secondary School is an original carried under the supervision and
guidance of faculty of Chemistry and is submitted for partial fulfillment of the requirement for
Chemistry of grade 12. This project work has not been submitted elsewhere for award of any
degree.

Name:

1. Akriti Baakhu Shrestha (302)

2. Akrit Nepal (305)
3. Alish Gaisi (307)
4. Amrit Gautam (308)
5. Darshan Danuwar (314)
6. Joshep Shrestha (318)

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 LETTER OF APPROVAL

The project work entitled “Study of preparation of soap using soybean oil” under the
supervision of Sujata Malla Thakuri and Nima Khoteja of Khwopa Secondary School,
Bhaktapur is hereby submitted for the partial fulfillment of the requirement of Chemistry in
Grade 12. The project has not been submitted to any other school or institution previously for
the award of Grade 12.

_____________________ _____________________
Sujata Malla Thakuri Nima Khoteja
Project Supervisor Project Supervisor
Department of Chemistry Department of Chemistry
Khwopa Secondary School Khwopa Secondary School

______________________
Rojeena Thusa
Head of Department
Department of Chemistry
Khwopa Secondary School

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 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

This report has been prepared for the partial fulfilment of the requirement of practical marks of
grade XII. Through this report, we would like to express my deep gratitude to all those people
helped us directly and indirectly to prepare this report.

Firstly, we would like to thank the chemistry department and teacher for great supervision and
guidance which made it easy for us to collect information and related data.

Special thanks to HOD Rojeena Thusa , Mrs Sujata Malla Thakuri and Nima Khoteja for
valuable Supervision and guidance. We would you to express my hearty gratitude to all my
friends who helped us to prepare this project report work with valuable time.

At last, we would like to thank Khwopa secondary School for providing us with some space in
the lab for different tests. Also, we would like to express Our deep gratitude to the principal of
KSS Mr Laxmi Prasad Karmacharya sir & ECA incharge Ashok Bajracharya sir for providing
this wonderful project .

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 ABSTRACT

The goal of the experiment was to prepare soap using soybean oil as a natural and renewable
source of triglycerides. Soybean oil was heated and mixed with a sodium hydroxide solution to
initiate the saponification reaction. During the process, soap and glycerol were formed as
products. The mixture was stirred continuously and allowed to cool and solidify into a usable
soap form. The prepared soap was expected to possess cleansing and foaming properties, a basic
pH, and a firm texture. This experiment demonstrated how vegetable oils can be used to produce
biodegradable and eco-friendly soap, offering a sustainable alternative to commercial soaps
containing synthetic ingredients.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Topics Page no.

1. Declaration………………………………………………………... 2

2. Letter of Approval………………………………………………… 3

3. Acknowledgement………………………………………………….4

4. Abstract……………………………………………………………..5

5. Introduction………………………………………………………....7

6. Objective…………………………………………………………….8

7. Methodology………………………………………………………...9

8. Result and Discussion……………………………………………….10

9. Conclusion…………………………………………………………...11

10. Reference…………………………………………………………….12

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 INTRODUCTION

Soap is a salt of a fatty acid (sometimes other carboxylic acids) used for cleaning and lubricating
products as well as other applications. In a domestic setting, soaps, specifically "toilet soaps", are
surfactants usually used for washing, bathing, and other types of housekeeping. In industrial
settings, soaps are used as thickeners, components of some lubricants, emulsifiers, and catalysts.
Soaps are often produced by mixing fats and oils with a base. Humans have used soap for
millennia; evidence exists for the production of soap-like materials in ancient Babylon around
2800BC. Saponification is a chemical
reaction in which a fat or oil (triglyceride)
reacts with a strong alkali, such as sodium
hydroxide (NaOH) or potassium hydroxide
(KOH), to produce soap and glycerol
(glycerin).

The study of soap preparation using

soybean oil explores the process of creating
soap through saponification, a chemical
reaction between an oil or fat and an alkali.
Soybean oil, a widely available and
renewable vegetable oil, is used as the
primary fat source due to its high content of triglycerides, which react with sodium hydroxide to
produce soap and glycerin. This research focuses on understanding the chemical reactions
involved, the optimal conditions for soap production, and the potential benefits of using soybean
oil as an eco-friendly and cost-effective alternative to traditional animal fats or synthetic oils.
The study also investigates the properties of the resulting soap, such as its cleansing ability,
texture, and environmental impact. Through this exploration, the aim is to highlight sustainable
and innovative methods in soap production.

The general reaction is:

Fat/Oil (triglyceride) + Alkali → Soap + Glycerol

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 OBJECTIVE

General Objective:

 The general objective of this experiment is to prepare soap.

Special Objective:

 The special objective of this experiment is to prepare soap using soybean oil.

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 METHODOLOGY

Materials Required

 Soybean oil – 30 mL
 Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) pellets – 10 g
 Distilled water – 30 mL
 Beaker (500 mL)
 Measuring cylinder
 Glass rod
 Protective gloves

Experimental Procedure

A 10% sodium hydroxide solution was prepared by dissolving 10 grams of sodium

hydroxide pellets in 30 milliliters of distilled water. The solution was stirred continuously
until all pellets were completely dissolved and was then allowed to cool to room
temperature. Exactly 30 milliliters of soybean oil were measured using a measuring
cylinder and poured into a clean 500 milliliter beaker. The cooled sodium hydroxide
solution was gradually added to the soybean oil while stirring continuously with a glass
rod to ensure thorough mixing of the reactants. One drop of shampoo was added while
the solution was being stirred. The reaction was monitored until the mixture thickened
and turned opaque, indicating the formation of soap. The mixture was then allowed to
cool to room temperature for the solidification of soap. Finally, the soap was left to dry in
open air for 1 to 2 days until it hardened.

Chemical reaction involved

Soyabean oil, which mainly consists of triglycerides, reacts with sodium hydroxide
(NaOH) during saponification as shown below:
C3H5(RCOO)3+3NaOH→C3H5(OH)3+3RCOONa
Where:

 C3H5(OOCR)3 = Triglyceride (soybean oil)

 NaOH = Sodium hydroxide
 C3H5(OH)3 = Glycerol (byproduct)
 Shampoo = Oleic acid (C18H34O2)

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 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

The saponification process was successfully carried out using Soybean oil, [Link] and a
drop of shampoo and soap was prepared. In this project work saponification was carried out by
reacting 30 ml of Soybean oil with about 10 ml of highly concentrated NaOH solution and drop
of shampoo carefully in the lab.
At first the mixture of shampoo and oils was thin but when we added some extra ml of NaOH
was added and the soap was prepared after some time. It was so satisfying to watch the
preparation of soap. Therefore, it was observed that during the preparation of soap, the proper
measurements of its ingredients is an important part.

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 CONCLUSION

The preparation of soap using soybean oil was successfully carried out. This project
demonstrated how a commonly available vegetable oil can be effectively utilized to produce a
biodegradable and eco-friendly cleaning agent (soap). The experiment helped us understand
how natural oils, such as soybean oil, can be used to make soap by reacting with a strong base
like sodium hydroxide (NaOH).

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 REFERENCE

1. [Link]

2. [Link]

3. [Link]

4. [Link]

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