Paraphrase Describe the status

SPENDING
the annual (average) spending/expenditure oa significant/ sharp increase

the average US consumer spent $ on a steady decrease/ growth

the average US consumer spent $ on increase dramatically

the (average) yearly increase even more
spending/expenditure/
rapidly/steeply increased
amount of money spent + on

in the expense on reach a peak of/ a high of/peaked

‘s yearly spending hit a low of/ hit a trough: chạm đá

A expenditure reach its bottom/ bottemed at

the expenditure on.. slightly, mild decreased

the average annual expenditures on dropped by

in terms of…expenditure, plummet to

the figure for N expenditure fall (significantly) by
the allocation of money to sth decline
INCOME gradual decrease/ diminish

the proportion of sales attributed to sth considerable drop to

the sales of sth exhibited a substantial decrease

sth sales constituted.. remains stable/unchanged/constan

this figure stabilize at bình ổn
sth contributed the same revenue share witness/see (no change/ a stability

this category fluctuate/ fluctuation/ oscillate

with sales reaching % reached $
AGE surpass: tăng

16-24: teenagers
24-35: Young adult, people aged 24 to 35
35-50: adult, 35 to 50 years old
50-75: retirees, in the 50 to 75 age group,
the middle-aged individuals, among
individuals aged 50 to 75
75-100: seniors, the old people, the elderly,
the over-75 group, the oldest group,
individuals over 75 years old, rise/soar tremendously
EDUCATION reaching a plateau : bình ổn
certificate= diploma= degree dramatic surge: tăng đột ngột
moderate: adj: vừa phải
without qualifications= lacking formal qualificmoderately adv
possess a school certificate= hold high schoolsteady, steadily, progressive, sequ
reach its zenith=peak

rank the first

occupy the first position

take the crown

hit the lowest point

resulting in a ... % increase
climbed, went up
two-thirds=66%

three-fourths/ three-quarters=75%

a minor/ modest/slight percentag

increase, grew, dropped by four ti

experienced a two-fold increase t

wane: giảm

escalate:v:=increase=leap: nhảy v

remarkably= stringkingly: notably

prevalent= common=predominati

the corresponding percentage= th

scribe the status Linking word Time

nt/ sharp increase furthermore from …to…

decrease/ growth additionally between…and

ramatically on the other hand over a period of…years startin

ven more in the first examined yeafrom 2006 onwards

eeply increased during the same period over the next 5 years

over the following 20 years

eak of/ a high of/peaked looking at the other N the subsequent two decades
f/ hit a trough: chạm đá Similarly: tương tự
likewise=similarly: throughout the period
cũng,
bottom/ bottemed at tương tự during/for most of the period

ild decreased whereas: trong khi=whileover the period: qua các thời kì
as opposed to: rather
y than, instead of at the end of the period
in contrast: trái ngược
=however, on the other
hand.
In VN, historical building
is kept for tourist
purposes. In contrast,
only a few resident sites
keep these places in
o china. At the start of the period
cantly) by for the rest of the period
over the surveyed period
ecrease/ diminish during most of the period

ble drop to subsequent=following

 l decrease

table/unchanged/constan
t bình ổn
ee (no change/ a stability

fluctuation/ oscillate

ăng

remendously
a plateau : bình ổn
surge: tăng đột ngột
adj: vừa phải
y adv
eadily, progressive, sequ
enith=peak

rst
e first position

rown

west point
n a ... % increase
went up
 =66%

ths/ three-quarters=75%

modest/slight percentag

grew, dropped by four ti

ed a two-fold increase t

:=increase=leap: nhảy v

y= stringkingly: notably

= common=predominati

ponding percentage= th
 Preposition Sentences

almost $ S continue to fluctuate in some areas

The annual expenditure on.. stood at
nearly triple nearly $, (more than triple that of …/
about $ higher than that of…)
approximately S witnessed a dramatic decrease from to
around it is also notable that
the population/inhabitant of the city has
roughly
rapidly increased over the last decade

just over there has been an increase in the expense on sth time dat
just about, just only, under S saw a different trend
the lowest figure can be seen in
more than triple clothes' yearly spending.
the expenditure on books stood at 150 in
close to $ Spain, compared to 300 in the US

recored a figure of

in terms of technology expenditure,Spain

recored a figure of 350,slightly higher
than the figure for the US
the price of housing has fallen by 20% in …
the figure for N expenditure has doubled in the last 10 yea
the line chart illustrates/ presents
while S V an upward trend,
the opposite was true for 's expenditure.
sales
Salesbegan to grow,
peaked reaching
at 100 againa in
high of $100 in April
December.
The figures repeated stable for the rest of
the period.

the number of whales in the wild

experienced fluctuations from..to
between ..and
overtaking= surpass=outnumber
opt to do= choose to do

ten years later, there was a moderate

increase to 90 million in the number of
tourists, followed by a slight decline of
approximately 3 million until 2010.
while France recorded the most rapid rise
rate of arrivals

ratio=percentage=proportion=rate
Turkish people allocated a significant porti
Sweden has the lowest rates of national pu
it is clear that food, beverages, and
tobacco accounted for the lion’s share
of the expense in each region
chiếm tỷ trọng lớn
different
the highestforms of music
figure was recorded in the
proportion of money on CDs,
but it was overtaken by sth in
over a third of expenditure was spent on
sth in/ a minor percentage 6% was
recorded in the figure for sth
starting at nearly a fifth, transportation cost decreased by
sth accounted for a quarter of total expenses in
regarding the two most popular book
types, in 1972,the sales of sth accounted
for a fifth of the total

after which, it increased by 5% and

another 20% to become the most popular
book genres in 2012.

children's fiction made up the same

revenue initially, but ...

as for the remaining genres, other books

constituted the highest sales in 1972. this
figure then…and a modest 12% in 1972

biographies recorded similar tendencies.

Its popularity dropped more than half at
the end

the lowest starting figure was sth, with %

in 1992, there was a … in its sales to %
before it dropped back to % in
fiction accounted for the highest revenue,
as opposed to biography
$100 in April
 Paraphrase Describe the status
countryside= rural area on the Top/ upper left-hand corner: góc tr
shop=store Top: trên
housing= accommodation, housing area Top/ upper right-hand corner: góc trên bê
car park= parking lot Left-hand side: bên trái
dual carriageway=highway, devided
Righ-hand side: bên phải
highway
bus station= bus stop Middle/ Center: ở giữa, in the middle
pedestrians only= pedestrian precinct: kv Bottom left-hand corner: góc trái bên dưới
shopping center=shopping mall Bottom right-hand corner: góc phải bên d
line: viền, bao quanh Bottom/ rear: ở dưới. On the rear
access: tiếp cận Perpendicular to: vuông góc với
surround: bao quanh Parallel: song song
adjacent:adj= near: liền kề Be Opposite : đối diện
be built/ constructed: được xây lên
be converted into sth: biến đổi thành
be replaced by sth: thế chỗ cho
be moved to somewhere: di dời tới
Buildings, roads
be demolished: bị dỡ bỏ
be relocated: bị dời
remained the same: giữ nguyên
make the way for: có chỗ cho
be cut down, be chopped down: bị chặt h
Trees, forest be planted: được trồng

be established: được xây dựng

be expanded
be added: được thêm vào
Amenities: tiện nghi be opened up: được mở, khai trương
divided highway: cao toc chia lan
reserved for: dành riêng cho
 Describe the status Linking word Time
p/ upper left-hand corner: góc tr

r right-hand corner: góc trên bê

side: bên trái

side: bên phải

enter: ở giữa, in the middle

ft-hand corner: góc trái bên dưới
ght-hand corner: góc phải bên d
ear: ở dưới. On the rear
ular to: vuông góc với
ong song
te : đối diện
onstructed: được xây lên
ted into sth: biến đổi thành
ed by sth: thế chỗ cho
to somewhere: di dời tới
shed: bị dỡ bỏ
ed: bị dời
the same: giữ nguyên
way for: có chỗ cho
wn, be chopped down: bị chặt h
d: được trồng

shed: được xây dựng

ded
được thêm vào
d up: được mở, khai trương
ghway: cao toc chia lan
or: dành riêng cho
Time Preposition Senten

a car cannot be taken into a pedestrian precinc

the premises were built on a former school site
crowds lined the streets to watch the race
the facilities have been adapted to give access
snow-capped mountains surround the city: núi
there were three adjacent rooms:...
A power plant was contructed to the east of the
the playground was converted into a large car p
the garden was replaced by a large car park
the student hall was removed to the east of the
the resort has a wide range of facilities for youn
there's a shortage of cheap housing in this regi
the new layout will relieve the burden of traffic
future additions will include a row of shops alon
the forest on the western end of the island was
many palms were planted around the villa
a kindergarten was established at the corner be
hampton and murray street.
the cinema was expanded with a total cost of $
a vending machine was added to the hotel loun
a new theme park was opened up opposite the
the road becomes a four-lane divided highway
 Sentences

not be taken into a pedestrian precinct, but a three-wheeler can

ses were built on a former school site, located on a site road among housing
ed the streets to watch the race
es have been adapted to give access to wheelchair users. : người dùng xe lăn
ped mountains surround the city: núi phủ tuyết
e three adjacent rooms:...
lant was contructed to the east of the mine
ound was converted into a large car park
n was replaced by a large car park
nt hall was removed to the east of the university
has a wide range of facilities for young and old alike
hortage of cheap housing in this region
yout will relieve the burden of traffic on the town centre
itions will include a row of shops along the south side: doc theo
on the western end of the island was chopped down
ms were planted around the villa
arten was established at the corner between
and murray street.
a was expanded with a total cost of $8000
machine was added to the hotel lounge
me park was opened up opposite the shopping mall
ecomes a four-lane divided highway as it runs past business
 Paraphrase Describe the status Linking word
throw into: vứt vào trash ca
deliver:v: vận chuyển đến a
recycling center: tt tái chế
garbage truck: xe rác
sort: v: phân loại
compress: nén into
cube-shaped blocks
crush:v: nghiền
grind: nghiền vụn
remove: loại bỏ dirt
stationery: vp phẩm

hardened: cứng lại

pressed: nhấn
shredded: xé, bào
squeezed: ép, nặn, vắt, tác
chất rắn
absorbed: thấm hút
softened: mềm đi
mixed: trộn
bend-> bent: uốn cong
mill: xay, cán. Máy xay
filter: lọc impurity
chất lỏng, khí flow: chảy
condensation: ngưng tụ
evaporate: làm bay hơi
pour: đổ
release: thải ra
fermentation: sự lên men
cool: làm mát
burn: đốt
king word Time Preposition Sentences
Sentences
 Paraphrase
in everyday life = in daily life
crucial=important
products= goods and services

spend a lot of money= allocate significant funds

use=employ
often =frequently

advertisements= promotional campaigns= advertising campaigns

convince= persuade
hold great attraction: attractive= appealing
valuable= of great value

the promotion of: sự quảng bá

know what to buy = have knowledge about what to purchase
several marketing gimmicks: vài mánh khóe tiếp thị
people working in publicity: ng lm trong ngành truyền thông
prospective customers: khách hàng tiềm năng
it is crucial to...since: dummy subject
it is S that helps to V: câu chẻ cleft sentence
if..., it frequently....: conditional sentence
brand awareness: nhận dạng thương hiệu
customer loyalty: sự trung thành của khách hàng build
carelessly=impulsively: hấp tấp
annoying= irritating
too many= excessive
make= generate
money=sales=revenues
people=consumers
allow sb to do sth
communicate their message: truyền đạt thông điệp=deliver
due to/ owning to+ N
create strong emotional connection with: thiểt lập qh mật thiết vs ai
be well-informed: hiểu biết rõ về cái gì
as a result, clause/ this leads to N/ving/ consequently,..therefore,...: do đó
overspend the budget: tiêu quá ngân sách
have negative impacts on: có ahuong tiêu cực tới
contribute to ving/n: đóng góp vào
billboards: biển qc, social media ads: qc trên mxh
promotional video= video promotion
to a wide audience: đến phần lớn khán giả
reach tiếp cận
generate high levels of engagement: tương tác cao
have access to: v: truy cập vào
make a buying decision: đưa ra qd mua hàng
sponsored posts on social media
drawbacks=disadvantages
benefit=advantage
celebrity endorsement: ng nổi tiếng qcao
promote: v: quảng cáo
sit through: ngồi chờ
excessive exposure to commercials: tiếp xúc quá nhiều với quảng cáo
child-focused marketing: qc nhắm vào trẻ em
misleading claims: phát ngôn dối trá
unhealthy obsession: ám ảnh k lành mạnh
budget deficit: thâm hụt ngân sách
financial loss: tổn thất tài chính
 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
(1 xu hướng)
1. positive or negative
2. the ad outweigh thedisad

OPINION-BASED AGREE-DISAGREE
To what extent do you agree or disagree?

DISCUSSION BOTH VIEWS

Discuss both views and give your opinion

FACT- BASED
 Intro
1. ít nhất 2 đoạn, mỗi đoạn dùng để liệt kê Thesis statemen
mặt lợi hoặc mặt hại của vấn đề

2. Nếu bạn cho rằng lợi nhiều hơn hại, Conclusion

hãy viết 2 thân bài phân tích 2 điểm có lợi
và ngược lại.
Intro
viết 2 đoạn thân bài cùng giải thích cho
quan điểm của bạn. Nếu bạn đồng ý, bạn Thesis statemen
hãy viết 2 đoạn thân bài phân tích 2 điểm
lý do mà bạn đồng ý, và ngược lại. (Mỗi
đoạn chèn trái ngc vô câu cuối.)
Conclusion
viết 2 thân bài, mỗi thân bài phân tích Intro
một quan điểm. Lưu ý, bạn cần trình bày
quan điểm mà bạn đồng tình sau cùng,
Thesis statemen
cũng như phải thể hiện cho giám khảo
biết là bạn đồng tình với quan điểm đó
bằng những cụm như "I support the fact
that …".
Conclusion
Intro
Conclusion
There has been much controversy about whether A brings more benefits or drawbacks
In my opinion, this situation/ trend/ suggestion is more advantageous/ disadvantageous.
From my perspective, the drawbacks of this trend/suggestion/ situation surpass/exceed its benefits as
In conclusion, due to the above reasons, I strongly believe that this phenomenon is a positive/negativ

In conclusion, it is apparent that A offers more advantages than disadvantages. ......

One school of thought holds that A/Some people argue that A while others believe B.
From my point of view, I totally/ strongly/ completely oppose/ support the statement/former/latter bec

In conclusion, I completely agree/ disagree with the idea that/ of… due to its negative/ positive effects
some people believe that A. However, others contend that B/ some people argue that A while others b
some people argue that A while others believe that B
Both viewpoints are valid, but I prefer/ lean towards A or B.

in conclusion, although both views are valid to some extent, I still opine that A/ B.
it is true that…/ some individuals hold the belief that A…there are many reasons behind this trending/
in conclusion, it is evident that multiple factors influence to this issue, and a diverse set of strategies m
velopment.

somebody.
ve that B.

ation, and several solutions should be taken into account/ adopted to address/tackle it.
be implemented to address it.
Certainly! Studying
abroad offers a
multitude of benefits
for college students.
Here are some
compelling reasons to
consider:

1. See the World:

Studying abroad
provides the
opportunity to explore
a brand-new country,
immerse yourself in
its culture, and
witness natural
wonders, museums,
and landmarks unique
to your host nation1.

2. Education:
Enrolling in a study
abroad program
exposes you to
different styles of
education. It allows
you to experience
your major from a
fresh perspective and
understand the
people, traditions, and
culture of your host
country1.

3. Take in a New
Culture: Being in a
foreign land
introduces you to
distinct cultural
perspectives, foods,
customs, and social
atmospheres. It’s a
chance to broaden
your understanding
and appreciation for
the nation’s history
and way of life1.

4. Hone Your
Language Skills:
Studying abroad
provides an excellent
opportunity to fully
immerse yourself in a
new
language. Whether
through day-to-day
interactions or formal
language courses,
you’ll enhance your
language proficiency1.

5. Personal Growth:
Living independently
in a foreign country
fosters personal
development. You’ll
learn adaptability,
resilience, and self-
awareness as you
navigate new
challenges and
experiences2.

6. Career
Opportunities:
International exposure
enhances your
resume. Employers
value intercultural
skills, flexibility, and
global perspectives
gained from studying
abroad3.

7. Networking:
Building connections
with people from
diverse backgrounds
expands your
professional
network. These
connections can be
valuable for future
career prospects4.
8. Increased
Confidence:
Successfully
navigating life in a
foreign environment
boosts your
confidence and
problem-solving
abilities5.

9. Global
Perspective:
Studying abroad
encourages you to
think globally,
appreciate diversity,
and become a global
citizen4.

10. Adventure and

Memories: The
memories,
adventures, and
friendships formed
during your study
abroad journey will
stay with you
forever1.

Remember, just as
you appreciate the
cooperative spirit at
your import-export
company, studying
abroad offers a
cooperative exchange
of knowledge and
experiences across
borders.