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3 RD Chapter

The document provides an overview of single phase motors, detailing their types such as single phase induction motors, synchronous motors, and commutator motors. It explains the operational principles, construction, and applications of these motors, highlighting their non-self-starting nature and the methods used to initiate their operation. Additionally, it discusses specific types like split phase motors and stepper motors, along with their characteristics and uses in various applications.

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fiercedemon111
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4 views30 pages

3 RD Chapter

The document provides an overview of single phase motors, detailing their types such as single phase induction motors, synchronous motors, and commutator motors. It explains the operational principles, construction, and applications of these motors, highlighting their non-self-starting nature and the methods used to initiate their operation. Additionally, it discusses specific types like split phase motors and stepper motors, along with their characteristics and uses in various applications.

Uploaded by

fiercedemon111
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
Introduction Types of Single Phase Motors single Phase Induction Motors Types of Single Phase eee Mi Characteristics and Bee ite Commutator Motors 8 Of Single etna stepper Motor Types of Stepper Motors Applications of Stepper Motors a INTRODUCTION —oe a Tas os types of ec Sie Phase mot ae wey wie Se ore in the fant factories. They are ae nase moto ea a Ena gah ee srpared PATO A ree sel instar compared to factors and are 3.1 TYPES OF SINGLE puase MO T : aes Single phase motors ar classified ae ber of eal horse a he methods Z ft lors ¢ - Single Phase Inaction Mead accra Some common types ate (a) Split phase type {b) Capacitor split P! (c) Shaded pole type duction motor | pumps ete hase tyPe and sly used for fans, washing machine rs are Wi ry small sizes in toys ¢. They are used in ve Single phase in blowers, centrifugal : Single Phase Synchronous Motors : These are used in applications sus. = recording instruments, teleprinters etc. Where a constant speed is requireg z n use, | a Jhronous motors are in commo! of 16 syncl (b) Hysteresis type. j \ (a) Reluctance type and Single Phase Commutator Motors : (a) Repulsion type motors | (b) AC series motors (c) Universal motors. Motors of the series type can be used with either a d.c supply or a sing supply. These motors provide high starting torque and can operate They are widely used in kitchen equipment, portable tools and SS, a Special Purpose Motors : _ (a) Stepper motors (b) Servomotois 3.2 SINGLE PHASE INDUCTION MOTORS CONSTRUCTION The constructi ction of a si 7 motor. The rotor is single phase induction motor is very similar to that of23¢ ° mostly of squirrel cage ee to that of23¢ Zz stator consists 0 _gintt PHASE MOTORS = ont Pens geeester aitca hs ose oF winding s mostly deutie 2" pryibured (Pe uble laye ¢ the senematie TePFESentatlon g TH phase induction moter i of a 2 pole Inaddtion, the stator Ree 3s. 3 ies ana ‘vinding fF providing the starting tor ee que oT SELF STARTING MOTOR EF... ‘ingle phase a.c. supply is ae lyis given to — field varying with tine is peoducss fener nan a ces nding. a sinusoidal The field pol, \G. a sinusoidally pulsatin: magn iitje but the field does ..ot to FIG 3.4: Single ase Induction Motor ulsating (alternating) field is called s led statc “eld act acts along the h © horizontal axis The P This veld ea induce an e.m.{ in the rox ir — Tiintant rotor currents produce a field or bars due to transform Richest er action. The s the stator field (as las per the 's law). The i le is poses produced due to re: : ; © reaction : n downward directis , the two sets of forces rans rotor currents with stator jon, where as t on ie a the rotor bi ars in bottom half are on, et : 7 are ll od er * hs, j upward direction) wil cancel exch other and th Pes Therefore, single phase induction motors are n a ee: Se EE ot self starting Stator Field <— AC Supply ac, ed FIG 3.2: Single Phase Induction Motor (at starting) a PRINCIPLE OF OPERA TION hase [Link]. supply is given to the 1 phase stator tic field varying with time is produced. Such nary squirrel cage rotor can not produce metic field, the single phase induction ial rotation in any nan external init 5 torque and rotor picks up SP When singel p pulsating magne! field acting on statio absence of rotating mag! if rotor is give! motor produces nn to it. But it is observed that direction, the single phase direction of initial rotation give motors are not selfst + winding, a sinusoidally an alternating (pulsating) rotation. Therefore due to starting. particular eed in the The beh. ehavior of sin ar can be explaine r of single phase induction mo" be explained in 2 ,, ' iM (b) By cross field the, Neory ina roto" (a) By double revolving field theory 24 venating fekd pPOAUCER by 1 sig fields of equal magnitude," ee the magnitude of each j.." Ch fie D 2 ouble Revolving Field Theory * A” al entarirett ed tyes oan, in opposite directions at synchronous spe | alternating field ie \ ‘negat 3 2 Wh : { \ one half of the maximum value of th maximum value of alternating field Let anticlockwise rotatin oy say foes Ration isa aera ‘esultant of these two fields at an, the instantaneous value of the main alternating field at that instant, Consider the different ins! ‘as shown below = | | rd field while the q, lockay, tances i h other at sta (i) The two fields are shown opposite IS rat start in the Fig “O 3, gnetic field, on 90°, the two fields are rotated ™ sug The resultant ma (ii) The Fig. 3.3 (0) shows that both of them are ns that after iegntinannnasame) cirection. ‘tor be = 0 +% Ses tip - me The resultant magnetic field, Fol ximum magnitude of original alternating field, @ This instant gives ma be* Gm Flux Alternting original fea bm bob ee ( (b) ( c) FIG 3.3: Stator Field and its Two Components So the continu ous rotation of the: a > magnetic field which i se two fields (compon ; iss an Fie ents) giv 4 hown in Fig. 3.3 (c). This is purely an es ye orig nating in nail! | Now each h seperate com, i ponent is rotating and hence get cut b ut by the rotor cot” Due to cutti ing of flux emf ‘ current. The r gets induced i ‘otor curre| in rotor condi a nt produce: luctors which circulate S rotor flux. Ff “gle PHASE MOTORS =: ux interacts with rh _— one com ere a the FOtOr MUX Interacte waren & ACIS With sero! PE sire direc ge direction. frock component jockwise torque is assumed irre, The resultant of the two wernt of the two tone nh oct torques at ster nn antic neg Wako: Thee speed Backward core o Torque | Ve FIG 3.4 : Torque - Speed Curve for both the C is omponents a r re nd Resul following are important points about the resultant eres nt magnetic field : At start the two torque: nee torque tries to ae ie Ge ecco ce Ott copedee th t ae rotor in its own direction. Hence rey ee ee on au y ero. Therefore it is said that 14 induction ee onary ors are not self (i) starting. iven an initi initial rotation in any direction, the resultant average : When the rotor is gi hi a 2 same direction and motor starts giving the performance torque increases in tl lar to the 34 induction motor. (i) simil , Cross Field Theory = ndstill conditions with the stator winding connected 5 a field acts along the horizontal axis g in polarity and varying sinusoidally in the rotor winding by transformer Consider sta’ he stator current establishe: he stator field is alternatin: field will induce an emf .w in the rotor winding. s shown in Fig. 3.5. The rotor se are in direct line (along the or and rotor fields are aligned. ction, whereas Motor at Standstill : toad AC supply. T! is shown in Fig. 3.5. Tl with time. The alternating action. This emf will cause a current to flo of currents in th tor surface and the: poles on the rol the stator poles. The axis of the stat 1 conductors in top half are in downward dire The directions e rotor conductors is currents establish horizontal axis) with t The forces on the roto! the force ; forees on the rotor conduct pottom half are 19 Upward 4, wets conductors in bottor eer : Of forces will ¢ sn Pa experience 0 tOrcquc ‘ancel and the ea —8 a : jor at Starting 4 3.5 Action of 0.14 Motor Of 7 When howev' tor conductors CUt across ‘ “S Motor Running : rection of the emfs as 4, direction by some external me erated in them. The di causing an emf to be gener’ ward in one side of the vertical a,;, fleming’s right hand rule, Wil DY Te. indicated by the dots and crosso, in the other side of the ver rats vary In phase with the stator cunen™ Fig. 3.6. The generater i emfs lags by neatly 90° owing to low «p." Yang The rotor Stace The phase relations of the stator current ang flu “X° of the rotor wind Fig. 3.7. Pete tencarrent 2d fuxiere SHOW R load emf at FIG 3.6: Action of a 1 Motor at Running Stator Current and Flux Generated Rotor EMF Rotor Current and Flux FIG3.7: grate PHASE MOTORS EF. roduced by th pel y the rotor eu 7h He yence itis Known as pen istatien acl aa en erocerfietgiey eh anaicela ae we #1 Teh will rotate In the direction ws, SaI0F Hl 45 an wh lirection in Betrayal \Shtoton agen saan Mot - ne above discussion i th it may be co elude by the stator rotor field, tant revolving “ given an ini os continue eal tation 'd that two field which th. nd the 4 geld WT "que is exerted o1 e 10rd! don the rotor ay ro ‘atstand sill there can be no « © cross he inherent starting to: pad the 1g torque of a 14 , Only the pulsati duced regen ator feld and therefore 11, however, the rotor is made to run by torun eae to develop torque in the direction of son ermal me ans, then it will continue < TYPES OF SIN det. by __TYPES OF SINGLE PHAS ‘ MASE INDUCTION MOTORS hase induction mot single phase i tors are not self elf starting due to fa. It is not practicable to provide initia te ee practice some provision is made to provid papi cuuetto mene vide ro : e 1s self starting. tating magnetic field at start, to make the moto! phase motors are classified accordin 1g to the methods of starting used for then. Single 1, Split phase motor Capacitor start motor. Capacitor motor or permanent split capacitor motor. Capacitor start capacitor run motor (Two value capacitor motor). Shaded pole motor. SPLIT PHASE MOTOR OR RESISTANCE SPLIT PHASE MOTOR ormal stator winding called as Main Winding, stator s auxiliary or starting winding. The two windings al with each other, Mostly the rotor is of Squirrel in Fig, 3.8 (a). The cut away view of 2 spit In this motor, in addition to n carries one more winding called a: are displaced in space by 90° electric cage type. The arrangement is shown phase motor is shown in Fig. 3.8 (c). ee winding 7 THT Weal a 3 Motor split Phase ay View of @ (o) cut away FIG 3.8: Split Phase Motor between the two currents is obtained by designing the auxilany it betwe ‘ F ine time een in nature. The main winding is reactive hence carries Curren, winding as highly resis 1, Necessity P ply voltage by large angle while auxiliary winding carries a current, |, Jy which lags sup] induction 1 which almost inphase with supply voltage. Hence there exists a phase differenc, make a mot between the two altemating currents as shown in Fig. 3.8 (b). The motor is equivalent how produc to an unbalanced two-phase motor, may be act The two currents produce the two fluxes which also have a phase difference of ‘a' a into 26 m shown in the phasor diagram. Due t ‘0 these two fluxes having considerable phase difference in between them, a Tolating magnetic field is produced and the moto called auxil Aevelops a starting torque on the stat 48 shown Produces , the motor Die, ae PHASE MOTORS inte for from drawing excessive whey 1 the (9 96 of synchronous 8 peed) 076 10 nding is in the circuit wi only at ; a ii8

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