CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
In this proposed system, from user side, user can select the option, which switch he/ she wants to ON/OFF
from their Android smart phone App. This command goes to any of the connection modules. The connection
modules transmitter converts it into signals and send that command to the receiver of the Arduino Uno
microcontroller. After that controller activates that particular I/O pin on the board and send input to the
Relay. In that Relay, which has already 230V power supply, after receiving current it generates
electromagnetic field in coil and passes the 12V current to switch the connection to grid or generator.
Fig 3.0 Illustrates the overall control function of the system. The projected system works using the smart phone
Android application, which is the main source for giving the instruction to the connection modules which include
the Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and GSM modules.
System Block Diagram and Design
Figure above shows the simple system block diagram and the signal flow within the system.
The system
consists of sensors for sensing the analogue signals from the generator and grid. The output
of
these sensors is fed to the microcontroller. The system power supply unit provides the
system
with the required energy. The microcontroller displays the values on the LCD as well send
corresponding commands to the switching units for actions. The system also sends SMS to a
registered phone number as feedback.
Following are the software and hardware requirements for the system to be developed:
Wi-Fi on Android Mobile Device:
Wi-Fi is a local area wireless computer networking technology that allows electronic devices to connect the
network and intended to replace cables on devices such as a phones and other mobile devices. The first
version of the Wi-Fi IEEE 802.11 protocol was released in 1997, and provided up to 2 Mbit/s link speed. This
was updated in 1999 to permit 11Mbit/s link speed. Wi-Fi technology features long range security, high
power consumption which increases battery life of mobile devices. The Wi-Fi signal range depends on the
frequency band, radio power output, antenna gain and types as well as modulation technology. An access point
compliant with either 802.11b or 802.119, using stock antenna might have a range of 100 m. The same radio with
an external semi parabolic antenna might have a range over 20 miles. A Wi-Fi signal occupies 5 channels in 2.4 GHz
band, large apartments complexes or office building can create problems in access of Wi-Fi network.
Android application :
Android is an Operating System for smart phone devices on which we can run our application. Android
provides healthy array of connectivity options including Wi-Fi , Bluetooth and wireless data over a cellular
connection. Android provides access to a wide range of useful libraries and tools that can be used to build rich
applications. To design our system we use Android latest version , also named as lollipop, which supports
Application of our system without creating any problem. It is a design with increased use of grid-based
layouts, responsive animations and transitions, padding, depth effects such as lighting and shadows. It
provides some major new platform features for developers, with over 10,000 new APIs added for use by
applications.
Hardware Design
Arduino UNO
The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the AT mega 168 or 328. It has 14 digital input/output pins
and 6 Analog input/ output pins. here we use 8 to 13 pins for input/ output. It needs 5V operating voltage and 7 to
12V input voltage. It simply connect with a DC battery to get started. It also having a reset button, to reset all
previous connections.
Wi-Fi Module
The module is based on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 802.11 standards. It supports
transparent transmission mode and multiple network protocols. The Wi-Fi module is embedded based on the
universal serial port, Ethernet, wireless network interface between the conversions. The modules integrate
all of the RF components required, removing, the need to perform expensive RF design and test. It simply
connecting sensors and switches to the module I/O pins or UART interface.
Methodology
The flow chart below can be used to explain the steps used in achieving this work.
System Technology
In this project some technologies are used to offer many tasks to build the smart home application
which control by a mobile application.
Mobile technology: The system based on a mobile device because the attributes as send and receive
SMS and internet access are easy to use.
Arduino technology: Arduino is an open-source electronics platform designed at the Ivrea
Interaction Design Institute in 2005 as a simple apparatus for quick prototyping, the design depends
on simple hardware and software that can easily be understood by students (Abdullah et al., 2016).
Arduino technology started from programs that reads inputs, light on a sensor, activating a motor,
turning on an LED (Caldo et al., 2015). Instructions are sent to the microcontroller to determine the
action to be taken. In the later years, Arduino board began changing to adjust to new challenges and
difficulties, it offers from basic 8-bit board to IoT applications, 3D printing, and embedded
environments (Fatehnia at al., 2016). It is been used in communition and controlling, and also
became a backbone for many large number of complex projects.
Windows Operating System
Windows are sets of Operating systems created by Microsoft which started back in 1985 with
Windows 1.0 as the first release. Several versions have been released in the later years (Sharma et al.,
2017). Windows has been the most widely used operating system for PCs. They later releases CE
versions used for handheld devices, and Windows mobile which is an OS for smartphones and
Pocket PCs. In 2007, window mobile turned to be the most prominent smartphone software in the
U.S. But later, this fame and popularity blurred and other software took over (Dinesh et al., 2015). In
February 2010, when windows is in competition with its rivals i.e. iOS and android OS, they release
a windows phone to succeed the windows mobile.
Android Operating System
Android is a mobile open source OS designed for smartphones and tablets using a modified Linux
kernel. It was originally developed by Android Inc. and later sold to Google in the year 2005 (Shaw
et al., 2016). Its first commercial version was released in 2008, and from that undergoes many
version releases. The latest version 8.1 was released late 2017. For the past 7 years, Android is
leading in the smartphone and tablets
OS markets. In the early 2017, they announced a report of almost two billion monthly active users
(Wikipedia, 2018).
Android advantages
Some of the advantages of android OS are:
It is an open source OS
Very intuitive
2D, 3D graphics supports
Multiple languages
Different audio video support.
Highly secured
Supports different screen sizes and resolutions
Qwerty keyboard
Programming Languages
A programming language is a formal language used by developers to feed in instructions to a
computer in order to perform a particular task (Kulkarni et al., 2015). A programmer writes a
program in a text format called source code, then the source code is then translated into machine
understandable language called machine language or binary, this translation is referred to as
compilation (Batty et al., 2015). Each programming language has its particular compiler which
translates its source codes to machine codes.
There are many different programming languages developed and many more still being developed
yearly. Many programming languages expect calculation to be indicated in a basic frame (i.e., as a
succession of activities to perform) while some utilize different types of program specifications.
Java development kit (JDK)
The Java Development Kit (JDK) is a platform for the development of java applications and applets.
It has a built in runtime environment named the Java Runtime Environment (JRE), the interpreter,
and a compiler for the complete compilation and running of the written program. JKD can also be
integrated in Integrated Development Environment (IDE) which speed up the application or program
development by providing drag-and-23
drop features for designing the application or applets. Different system platforms like Windows,
Linux and Solaris supports a different JDKs and requirements (DiMa+-rzio, 2015).