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Types of Referential Cohesion

Cohesion in language involves continuity of referential meaning through personal, demonstrative, and comparative references. Personal references include pronouns and possessive forms, while demonstrative references indicate proximity to the speaker. Additionally, comparative references establish relations of contrast, and the document discusses endophora and exophora, which refer to internal and external contexts, respectively.

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8 views3 pages

Types of Referential Cohesion

Cohesion in language involves continuity of referential meaning through personal, demonstrative, and comparative references. Personal references include pronouns and possessive forms, while demonstrative references indicate proximity to the speaker. Additionally, comparative references establish relations of contrast, and the document discusses endophora and exophora, which refer to internal and external contexts, respectively.

Uploaded by

nguyenhaanh241003
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
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Cohesion consists in continuity of referential meaning (relatedness of reference)

+ Personal (communication goal of referent)


+ Demonstrative (proximity of referent)
+ Comparative (similarity to preceding referent)
Types of reference
a. personal reference
personal pronouns (e.g: I, he, she)
possessive pronouns (e.g: mine, hers, his)
possessive determiners (e.g: my, your, her)
e.g:
b. demonstrative reference: essentially a form of verbal pointing
the speaker identifies the referent by locating it on a scale of proximity
this, there, and here imply proximity to the speaker
that, those, and there imply distance from the speaker
Like personals, the demonstratives regularly refer exophorically to something
within the context of situation
e.g: Do you like that dress?
c. Comparative reference: contributes to textual cohesion by setting up a
relation of contrast
adjectives as same, identical, equal
adjectives in a comparative degree such as bigger, faster
adverbs such as identically, likewise, so, such
e.g: She has a similarly furnished room to mine.
Endophora: referring to something inside the text
E.g:
Anaphoric reference:......
-> In technical term, the first/ initial references are antecedents
Ex: a man, a cat, a dog -> indefinite NP
-> the second/ subsequent references are anaphoras
Ex: the dog, the cat, the man, it, he, they -> definite NP, pronouns
-> Anaphoric reference can change
+ Zero anaphora/ ellipsis
-> to maintain reference creates an expectation that the listeners are able
to infer what/ who the speaker intends to
+ Associative anaphora/ bridging
-> instead of referring back to an entity, we refer back to something
associated with it.
E.g: I went to a store late. The door closed.
-> a store: antecedent
the door: associative anaphora
Cataphoric reference: refer forward, instead of backward
-> Referring expressions can be pronouns or definite noun phrases
- Exophora: referring to something outside the text
-> when the meaning is not explicit from the text itself, but it is obvious
to those in a particular situation, this is called exophoric reference.

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