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Computer Graphics Overview and Types

Computer Graphics involves creating and manipulating visual images using computers, with applications in video games, animated movies, CAD, and VR. Key concepts include raster and vector graphics, the graphics pipeline stages, and important algorithms for rendering. There are also distinctions between 2D and 3D graphics, as well as real-time versus non-real-time graphics, with various libraries and tools available for development.

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5 views3 pages

Computer Graphics Overview and Types

Computer Graphics involves creating and manipulating visual images using computers, with applications in video games, animated movies, CAD, and VR. Key concepts include raster and vector graphics, the graphics pipeline stages, and important algorithms for rendering. There are also distinctions between 2D and 3D graphics, as well as real-time versus non-real-time graphics, with various libraries and tools available for development.

Uploaded by

fowzizinnov
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© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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🎨 Computer Graphics Essentials

1. What is Computer Graphics?

Computer Graphics is the creation, manipulation, and representation


of visual images using computers.

Applications include:

 Video games

 Animated movies (e.g., Pixar, DreamWorks)

 CAD (Computer-Aided Design)

 Virtual reality (VR), Augmented reality (AR)

 Medical imaging & simulations

2. Types of Computer Graphics

 Raster Graphics: Made of pixels (e.g., JPEG, PNG)

 Vector Graphics: Made of paths defined by mathematical formulas


(e.g., SVG, EPS)

3. Graphics Pipeline (Rendering Pipeline)

The process of converting 3D models into 2D images on screen.

Stages:

1. Modeling – Defining objects in 3D space.

2. Transformation – Positioning and rotating objects.

3. Lighting – Applying light sources to add realism.

4. Projection – Converting 3D into 2D.

5. Rasterization – Converting vector shapes into pixels.

6. Shading – Applying color and texture.

4. Important Concepts

 Pixels: Smallest unit of an image.

 Resolution: Number of pixels (e.g., 1920x1080).


 Frame Buffer: Memory storing the final image before display.

 Color Models:

o RGB (Red, Green, Blue) – for screens

o CMYK (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black) – for printing

5. 2D vs. 3D Graphics

Feature 2D Graphics 3D Graphics

Dimensio
Flat, x & y Adds depth (x, y, z)
n

Photoshop, Blender, Maya, 3ds


Tools
Illustrator Max

Uses Icons, logos, UI Games, movies, VR

6. Key Algorithms

 Line Drawing: Bresenham’s Algorithm

 Circle Drawing: Midpoint Circle Algorithm

 Clipping: Cohen-Sutherland

 Filling: Flood Fill, Scan Line

 Transformation:

o Translation

o Rotation

o Scaling

o Shearing

 Projections:

o Orthographic

o Perspective

7. Graphics Libraries & Tools

 OpenGL – Industry standard graphics API


 DirectX – Microsoft’s graphics API

 WebGL – For web-based 3D graphics

 Unity / Unreal Engine – Game engines

 Blender – Open-source 3D modeling tool

8. Real-Time vs Non-Real-Time Graphics

 Real-Time: Used in gaming, simulations (focus on speed)

 Non-Real-Time: Used in movies, rendering frames offline (focus on


quality)

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