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Kiwengwa Primary School Construction Costs

The document outlines a detailed bill for a proposed residential development in Lugbe, Abuja, including quantities, unit rates, and total amounts for various construction elements such as substructure, frames, walls, staircase, roof construction, and windows. The total estimated cost for the substructure is NGN 15,565,741.18, while the overall cost for the frames and suspended slabs is NGN 19,557,722.62. Additional costs for walls, staircase, roof structure, and windows are also specified, contributing to a comprehensive financial overview of the project.

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19 views17 pages

Kiwengwa Primary School Construction Costs

The document outlines a detailed bill for a proposed residential development in Lugbe, Abuja, including quantities, unit rates, and total amounts for various construction elements such as substructure, frames, walls, staircase, roof construction, and windows. The total estimated cost for the substructure is NGN 15,565,741.18, while the overall cost for the frames and suspended slabs is NGN 19,557,722.62. Additional costs for walls, staircase, roof structure, and windows are also specified, contributing to a comprehensive financial overview of the project.

Uploaded by

gwakzingbalikparbong
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

BILL FOR PROPOSED RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT AT LUGBE, AIRPORT ROAD, ABUJA.

DESCRIPTION QTY UNIT RATES AMOUNT

ELEMENT NR. 1

SUBSTRUCTURE
GROUND WORK

Site Preparation

A Clear site of grasses, shrubs, trees, undergrowth,


scraps, refuse and cart away debris from site 300 m2 175.00 52,500.00

D20: EXCAVATION AND FILLING

Excavating

Topsoil for preservation

B average150mm deep 300 m2 335.00 100,500.00

Trenches, width not exceeding 750mm

C maximum depth not exceeding 1.20m; commencing


from reduced level 168.2 m3 2,100.00 353,220.00

Column Pit

D maximum depth not exceeding 1.50m commencing


surface 150mm below existing ground level 8.1 m3 2,400.00 19,440.00

Extra over

E Excavate extra over 8.1 m3 6,300.00 51,030.00

Surface treatment

G Level and compact bottom of excavations 43.2 m2 425.00 18,360.00

H Dieldrex 20' or other equal and approved anti- termite


treatment solution to sides and bottom of excavations 43.2 m2 1,100.00 47,520.00

Disposal of excavated material

I Spread on site 23 m3 1,200.00 27,600.00

Carried to collection 670,170.00

Page 1
SUBSTRUCTURE Cont'd

Excavated material arising from excavations


Filling to excavation:

A Average thickness exceeding, 0.25m 12 m3 1,112.00 13,344.00


Filling
Imported laterite filling
B over 250mm average thickness 75.6 m3 8,500.00 642,600.00
Imported River sharp sand filling
C over 250mm average thickness 26 m3 16,999.00 441,974.00

Hardcore

Filling to make up levels

D not exceeding 300 average thick 64.8 m3 18,300.00 1,185,840.00

E IN SITU CONCRETE/LARGE PRECAST


CONCRETE

E10 IN SITU CONCRETE

Plain; Concrete (1:3:6-all in aggregate)

Blinding bed

E generally; poured on or against earth or unblinded


hardcore 6.133 m3 95,000.00 582,635.00

Reinforced; Concrete Grade 25; developing minimum


25.5N/mm2 work strength in 28 days

Column base

F generally 10.3 m3 130,000.00 1,339,000.00

E10 IN SITU CONCRETE


Reinforced; Concrete Grade 25; developing minimum
25.5N/mm2 work strength in 28 days
Column stand

G generally 0.89 m3 130,000.00 115,700.00

Steps

H generally 1 m3 130,000.00 130,000.00

Carried to collection 4,451,093.00

Page 2
SUBSTRUCTURE Cont'd
E20: FORMWORK FOR IN-SITU CONCRETE
Sawn formwork to:
Sides of foundations: plain vertical
A Column bases;not exceeding 350mm high 73 m 3,800.00 277,400.00
B Regular shaped; 230X230mm 28 m 3,600.00 100,800.00
C Sides of Damp proof Course not exceeding 150mm high 78 m 3050 237900
E30: REINFORCEMENT FOR IN-SITU CONCRETE

Reinforcement bars; BS 4449, high yield steel bars


Straight and bent
Column bases
C 12mm diameter 213.12 kg 1,650.00 351,648.00
Column starter

D 16mm diameter 227.37 kg 1,650.00 375,160.50


Stirrup
E 10mm diameter 44.352 kg 1,650.00 73,180.80
Fabric Mesh
Reference A142, weight 3.02kg/m2 (measured net)
with minimum 300mm side laps; 300mm end laps
F 1 - layer, laid generally 216 m2 1,800.00 388,800.00

MASONRY

F10: BLOCKWALLING

Sandcrete hollow blockwork bedded and jointed


in cement and sand ( 1: 4) mortar

Walls; filled solid with in-situ concrete grade 15

G 230mm thick; stretcher bond 132 m2 10,142.34 1,338,788.88

J40 FLEXIBLE SHEET TANKING/DAMP


PROOF MEMBRANES

0.26mm polyethene ;Two layer damp proof membrane

H flat; to sand screed and hardcore 216 m2 800.00 172,800.00

Reinforced; Concrete Grade 25; developing minimum


25.5N/mm2 work strength in 28 days

Concrete oversite; thickness not exceeding 150mm 65 m3 110,000.00 7,128,000.00

Carried to collection 10,444,478.18

Page 3
SUBSTRUCTURE Cont'd
NGN K

Collection

Page No. ACAD/1 670,170.00

Page No. ACAD/2 4,451,093.00

Page No. ACAD/3 10,444,478.18

SUBSTRUCTURE:
Total Carried to Summary 15,565,741.18

Page 4
ELEMENT NR. 2

FRAMES/SUSPENDED SLABS
Vibrated reinforced in-situ concrete (1:2:4 12mm
aggregate) filled into formwork and well packed around
reinforcement
A Superstructural Columns; 230x 230mm 3.972 m3 130,000.00 516,360.00
3
B Suspended Beams; 450mm high 16.45 m 130,000.00 2,138,500.00
C 150mm thick suspended slab 14.8 m3 130,000.00 1,924,000.00

D 150mm thick Concrete Fascia 12.98 m3 130,000.00 1,687,400.00

Carried to collections 6,266,260.00

Reinforcements
High tensile bar reinforcement to including cut and
bends, all measured according to structural design
schedule
A 16mm Diameter in columns; 341.07 kg 1,650.00 562,765.50
B 16mm Diameter in Floor Beams and Roof Beams 1250.568 kg 1,650.00 2,063,437.20
C 12mm Diameter suspended Slab and lintel 1918.08 kg 1,650.00 3,164,832.00

D Allow 12mm In Concrete Fascia 572.74 kg 1,650.00 945,021.00


E 10mm Diameter Links in columns 184.8 kg 1,650.00 304,920.00
F 10mm Diameter Links in Beams 591.36 kg 1,650.00 975,744.00
Carried to collections 8,016,719.70

FORMWORK
wooden fabricated boards 27mm thick cut to size and
fittted to 90 degree, props and braces deem to be
included
A Vertical sides of column not exceeding 230mm 270 m 4,800.00 1,296,000.00
B Soffit of Beams 230mm wide. 126 m 4,650.00 585,900.00
C Sides Beams, 450mm high. 318 m 7,124.00 2,265,432.00

D Edges of slab not exceeding 150mm high 42 m 3,850.00 161,700.00

E Soffit of slab 98.23 m2 9,831.12 965,710.92

carried to collections 5,274,742.92

COLLECTIONS
Concrete Collection 6,266,260.00

Reinforcement Collections 8,016,719.70

Formwork Collections 5,274,742.92

Frames/Suspended slabs Carried to Summary


SUB TOTAL 19,557,722.62

Page 5
ELEMENT NR. 3

WALLS
Superstructural Block walls
Hollow Sandcrete Blockwall laid in stretchers bond with
cement/sand motar, 1:5 mix and filled with vibrated weak
concrete.
Average hight 2.70m in 3m Headroom
A 225mm Walls External and partition Internal; 441.83 m2 10,142.34 4,481,190.08
B 150mm Walls Internal partition 16.2 m2 9,142.34 148,105.91

Vibrated in - situ concrete 1:3:6 19mm aggregate filled


into formwork and well packed around reinforcement
in
LINTELS; 225mm thick to overall wall 19.13 m3 130,000.00 2,486,900.00

High tensile bar reinforcement to including cut and


bends, all measured according to structural design
schedule for lintel
Allow 10-12mm diameter in lintels 525 kg 1,650.00 866,250.00

Blockwall Carried to Summary 7,982,445.99

Page 6
ELEMENT NR. 4

STAIRCASE
Vibrated reinforced in-situ concrete (1:2:4 12mm
aggregate) filled into formwork and well packed around 6 m3 47,000.00 282,000.00
reinforcement to staircases (including Bases)

High tensile reinforcement as described


12mm diameter bar in staircase 498.44 kg 1,650.00 822,426.00

Formwork:
wooden fabricated boards as described
A Soffits of Landing and Stair Flight 12 m2 9,831.12 117,973.44

B face of Risers 150mm thick 24 m 3,850.00 92,400.00

To string of stairs not exceeding 300mm wide cut to


C 52 m 1,200.00 62,400.00
profile of treads

Fabricated Steel Handrail 1.0m high


Complete set of Staircase and balcony rails; comprising
proprietary steel components finished with priming and 12 m2 40,000.00 480,000.00
double coat of gloss paint fixed by supervision.

Staircase Carried to Summary 1,857,199.44

Page 7
ELEMENT NR. 5
ROOF CONSTRUCTION AND COVERING
Sawn Treated Hardwood
A 50mm x 150mm King Post @ 1.2m ctrs. 30 m 1,200.00 36,000.00

B 50mm x 150mm Tie Beam @ 1.2m ctrs. 388 m 1,200.00 465,600.00

C 50mm x 150mm Rafters @ 1.2m ctrs. 423 m 1,200.00 507,600.00

D 50mm x 150mm wall plates 189 m 1,200.00 226,800.00

E 50mm x 75mm Purlins @ 0.3m ctrs. 875 m 917.00 802,375.00

F 50mm x 100mm Struts @ 1.2m ctrs. 1050 m 1,155.00 1,212,750.00

G 50mm x 50mm ceiling Noggings @ 0.6m ctrs. 750 m 360.00 270,000.00

carried to collections 3,521,125.00

Roof Covering
0.55mm factory coloured aluminium roof covering
obtained from Great Aluminium Flow Nigeria Limited
at Plot 14 Idu Industrial Layout Abuja, or other equal
approved fixed to purlins in accordance with
manufacturer's details
Roof covering laid to slope with other accessories for
546 m2 8,150.00 4,449,900.00
fixing.

Ridge and Hip capping; 450mm girth 74 m 4,088.00 302,512.00

Valley piece; 450mm girth 17 m 4,088.00 69,496.00

carried to collections 4,821,908.00

COLLECTIONS

Sawn Treated Hardwood 3,521,125.00

Roof covering 4,821,908.00

ROOF STRUCTURE AND COVERING


Carried to Summary 8,343,033.00

Page 8
ELEMENT NR. 6

WINDOWS
WINDOWS (All as per schedule)
Dark bronze anodized aluminium frame casement in
6mm thick smoke tinted including lugging and pinning
and screwing to blockwork or concrete work including
mosquito net:
A 1500mm x 1200mm high 5 nr. 235,000.00 1,175,000.00

B Size 1200 x 1200mm 6 nr. 225,000.00 1,350,000.00

C Size 1200 x 900mm 3 nr. 180,000.00 540,000.00

D Size 750 x 1200mm 1 nr. 165,000.00 165,000.00

E Size 750 x 600mm 7 nr. 145,000.00 1,015,000.00

carried to collections 4,245,000.00

Burglar proofing
25 x 25mm mild steel external frame with 20 20mm
mild steel square bars internal member at 69mm
interval all finihed with gloss paint on pimer
A 1500mm x 1200mm high 5 nr. 53,000.00 265,000.00

B Size 1200 x 1200mm 6 nr. 50,000.00 300,000.00

C Size 1200 x 900mm 3 nr. 50,000.00 150,000.00

D Size 750 x 1200mm 1 nr. 45,000.00 45,000.00

E Size 750 x 600mm 7 nr. 40,000.00 280,000.00

carried to collections 1,040,000.00

COLLECTIONS

Windows 4,245,000.00

Burglar proofing 1,040,000.00

Windows Carried to Summary 5,285,000.00

Page 9
ELEMENT NR. 7
DOORS
All items in this section are to be priced along with the
architect drawing door shedule

Special imported security steel door, Single swing leaf


complete with installation of ironmongery, locks and
joineries fixed to blockwalls and concrete; pointed all
round with approved sealant

Internal Doors (steel)


Both floors
A Door size 900 x 2100mm high 12 nr. 212,000.00 2,544,000.00

B Door size 750 x 2100mm high 1 nr. 212,000.00 212,000.00

External Doors (Metal turkish doors)


A Door size 900 x 2100mm high 1 nr. 350,000.00 350,000.00

B Door size 1200 x 2100mm high 1 nr. 450,000.00 450,000.00

Doors Carried to Summary 3,556,000.00

Page 10
ELEMENT NO.8
WALL, FLOOR AND CEILING FINISHES
RENDERING
13mm cement and sand (1:6) one coat, internal and
external rendering as described on:
A Walls Externally and internally incuding fascia ; 986.06 m2 3,800.00 3,747,028.00
2
Soffit of beams and stairs 33.32 m 3,800.00 126,616.00

Screeding 6mm thick on Walls to attain fine finish and


to receive paint finish as described on
Walls Externally up to Roof level ; 493.03 m2 2,450.00 1,207,923.50
2
Walls Internally Including Reveals; 523.03 m 2,450.00 1,281,423.50

carried to collections 6,362,991.00


FLOOR TILES
High quality imported ceramics floor tiles laid on screeded
backing bedded and jointed in cement mortar and pointed
in ordinary [Link] of tiles to be apporoved by the
client.
Vitrified Tiles (spanish)
Entrance porch & balcony floor tiles 600x600mm 23.43 m2 11,000.00 257,730.00

Floor tiles for Ante room, lounge, dining,living room,


152.06 m2 11,000.00 1,672,660.00
kitchen & Bedroom 600x600mm

Non Vitrified
All bathroom 17.89 m2 6,800.00 121,652.00
Staircase 25.9 m2 6,800.00 176,120.00
Store 2.8 m2 6,800.00 19,040.00

Cement sand Bed and Backing 25mm thick to recieve


200 m2 3,750.00 750,000.00
floor Tiles including cement pointing, generally.

WALL TILLING FINISH


Mosaic wall tiles laid according to manufacturals
instructions

Walls; Toilets and Kitchens 147.7 m2 6,800.00 1,004,360.00


Cement pointing to recieve Wall Tiles , generally. 147.7 m2 3,500.00 516,950.00

Finishes
P.O.P. Ceiling
High quality Plaster of Paris Ceiling with bulk
head/systems Conices and frames & screeded (All to 216 m2 8,000.00 1,728,000.00
Architect details).

carried to collections 6,246,512.00

COLLECTIONS

RENDERING 6,362,991.00

TILING & POP CEILING 6,246,512.00

WALL, FLOOR AND CEILING FINISHES


Carried to Summary 12,609,503.00

Page 11
ELEMENT NO.9

PAINTING & DECORATION


Prepare and Apply one mist coat and two full coats
approved Emulsion paint (Dulux paint) Internally on:

Walls and Concrete Internally; 600 m2 3,980.00 2,388,000.00

Prepare and apply (Finecoat paint ) paint Externally


on:

Walls and Concrete Externally; 389 m2 2,345.00 912,205.00

PAINTING & DECORATION


Carried to Summary 3,300,205.00

Page 12
ELEMENT NO.10
FITTINGS AND FIXTURES

Fabricated steel buarrier pipe rails arround Sitout and


2 m2 40,000.00 80,000.00
balcony, finished with priming and gloss paint

FITTINGS AND FIXTURES


Carried to Summary 80,000.00

Page 13
ELEMENT NO.11
ELECTRICAL FITTINGS/ CABLES

CONDUIT PIPING/ACCESSORIES

UPVC Conduit piping to enclose electric cables through


concrete floors and service duct chambers with insulation 1 Lumpsum 1,000,000.00 1,000,000.00
assurance

D8 three phase with frentch switch and iron base


2 nr. 70,000.00 140,000.00
Distribution Box

Carried To Collections 1,140,000.00

Internal Fittings
All cables, made in Nigeria, including Earthing Cables,
1 Lumpsum 3,000,000.00 3,000,000.00
metal Clamp Insulators and Other Necessary Accessories

carried to collections 3,000,000.00

Switch/ Sockets
switches to include 1 gang, 2 and 3 gangs, single and
double 13Amps sockets, Tv socket outlets, water heater 1 Lumpsum 1,000,000.00 1,000,000.00
switch, ELCB unit, etc.

carried to collections 1,000,000.00

Other Fittings
Other fittings to include chandelier, drop pendants, wall
1 Lumpsum 1,200,000.00 1,200,000.00
brackets, security light, etc

carried to collections 1,200,000.00

COLLECTIONS

CONDUIT PIPING/ACCESSORIES 1,140,000.00

INTERNAL FITTINGS 3,000,000.00

OTHER FITTINGS 1,200,000.00

ELECTRICAL FITTINGS
Carried to Summary 5,340,000.00

Page 14
ELEMENT NO.12
MECHANICAL INSTALLATIONS AND
EQUIPMENTS

Piping Work

Piping work to include waste pipes and pressure (supply)


1 Lumpsum 650,000.00 650,000.00
pipes, unions, elbows, Tees, Nipples, Sockets, etc.

carried to collections 650,000.00

Fittings

Complete set of water closet for maid room and visitors


2 nr. 80,000.00 160,000.00
convenienve

complete set of water closet for rooms 2 nr. 150,000.00 300,000.00

complete set of water closet, bath tub and other


1 nr. 1,450,000.00 1,450,000.00
accessories for masters bedroom

Complete set of marble kitchen sink 2 nr. 200,000.00 400,000.00

water heater 4 nr. 120,000.00 480,000.00

shower for other rooms 3 nr. 80,000.00 240,000.00

White vitreous, China recessed soap dish 5 nr. 12,500.00 62,500.00

Toilet roll holder 5 nr. 15,000.00 75,000.00

Towel Holder 5 nr. 8,500.00 42,500.00

carried to collections 3,210,000.00

COLLECTIONS

Piping Work 650,000.00

Fittings 3,210,000.00

MECHANICAL INSTALLATIONS AND EQUIPMENTS


Carried to Summary 3,860,000.00

Page 15
ELEMENT NO.13
EXTERNAL WORKS

INSPECTION CHAMBERS/MANHOLES
Construct inspection chamber size; 750 x675 x450mm
with 150mm thick slab, 150mm thick blockwork with
7 nr. 19,800.00 138,600.00
50mm thick precast concrete cover slab with 2 lifting
hook.

SOAKAWAY PIT
Soakaway pit size; 2450 X 2400 X 2100mm deep with
230mm thick hollow sandcrete blockwork set with 50mm
1 nr. 300,000.00 300,000.00
gaps and stick with adhesive masking, water flowing
through

SEPTIC TANK
Septic tank size; 2450 X 2400 X 2100mm deep with
150mm thick concrete base, 230mm thick solid blockwall
with 25mm thick (1:4) cement and sand rendering 1 nr. 550,000.00 550,000.00
internally and slab covering both soakaway pit and septic
tank.

EXTERNAL WORKS
Carried to Summary 988,600.00

Page 16
SUMMARY

1 SUBSTRUCTURE 15,565,741.18

2 FRAMES / SUSPENDED SLABS 19,557,722.62

3 WALLS 7,982,445.99

4 STAIRCASES 1,857,199.44

5 ROOF CONSTRUCTION AND COVERING 8,343,033.00

6 WINDOWS 5,285,000.00

7 DOORS 3,556,000.00

8 WALL, FLOOR AND CEILING FINISHES 12,609,503.00

9 PAINTING AND DECORATING 3,300,205.00

10 FITTINGS AND FIXTURES 80,000.00

11 ELECTRICAL FITTINGS/ CABLES 5,340,000.00

MECHANICAL INSTALLATIONS AND


12 3,860,000.00
EQUIPMENTS

13 EXTERNAL WORKS 988,600.00

(Bill No.1) SUM ₦ 88,325,450.23

CONTINGENCY 10% ₦ 8,832,545.02

ESTIMATED LABOUR 25% ₦ 22,081,362.56

SUPERVISION FEE 8.0% ₦ 7,066,036.02

B.O.Q TOTAL ₦ 126,305,393.83

Page 17

Common questions

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Using high tensile bar reinforcement has significant structural and financial implications for building construction. High tensile steel bars offer enhanced strength and durability enabling the building to withstand greater loads and stress. They are used in structural elements such as columns and beams, contributing to costs like 562,765.50 for reinforcing columns and 2,063,437.20 for reinforcing floor beams. These reinforcements, measured according to the structural design schedule, ensure the stability and safety of the building, which justifies their cost despite being higher than standard materials .

The choice of floor tiles impacts both the aesthetics and budgeting of a residential building project by affecting the visual appeal and cost implications. High-quality imported ceramic floor tiles, for example, have aesthetic value due to their finish and durability but come at a higher price. Entrance porch and balcony floor tiles (600x600mm) priced at 11,000.00 per m2 lead to costs of 257,730.00, while non-vitrified tiles for bathrooms are priced lower at 6,800.00 per m2 with a cost of 121,652.00. The total for floor tiling and plaster of Paris ceiling finishes reaches 6,246,512.00 . This selection needs careful consideration of both design preferences and budget constraints.

Integrating mechanical installations presents challenges such as coordinating with structural elements, managing space for ducts and pipes, and ensuring compliance with regulatory standards. Misalignment can lead to increased labor for adjustments, higher costs for modifications, or inefficiencies if systems don't align as planned. The budget for mechanical installations in this project accounts for piping and fittings at 3,210,000.00 and includes specific items like water closets and heaters. Therefore, effective coordination is crucial to avoid escalating the carried total to 3,860,000.00, reflecting how design, timing, and regulatory considerations can impact both timing and costs .

Reinforced concrete provides enhanced tensile strength and load-bearing capacity, making it preferable for structural elements like columns and beams, which experience various forces. Benefits include durability and increased safety, exemplified by its use in column bases costing 1,339,000.00 at 130,000.00 per m3. However, drawbacks include higher costs and longer preparation due to the complexity of reinforcements, such as added labor and material costs for rebar and formwork. Plain concrete, while less expensive and quicker to set up, may be insufficient for load-bearing needs, as seen in its application for blinding beds at 95,000.00 per 6.133 m3 .

The installation of electrical fittings and cables significantly impacts both the construction cost and the functionality of the building. It involves initial outlays such as 1,140,000.00 for conduit piping and 3,000,000.00 for internal fittings. Proper installation enhances building functionality by ensuring reliable power distribution and accommodating different electrical appliances. The selection and placement of items like switch outlets and lighting fixtures, which cost 1,200,000.00, affect how spaces are used and can increase a building's operational efficiency and safety .

The use of anti-termite treatment is critical in the substructure phase to protect essential building components from termite damage, which can compromise structural integrity. The application of Dieldrex 20' or an equivalent approved solution at 47,520.00 provides a protective barrier on excavation sides and bottoms, preventing infestations that can lead to costly repairs or structural failures. Such proactive measures in the initial phase help avoid long-term damage to wooden elements and maintain safety and durability standards .

Window selection for a residential project should consider factors such as functionality, aesthetics, security, and budget. The type of frame, as seen with dark bronze anodized aluminum casements costing 4,245,000.00, affects durability and maintenance. Security needs might dictate the inclusion of burglar proofing, as offered for an additional 1,040,000.00. Additionally, thermal and acoustic insulation properties impact energy efficiency and living comfort. Designers must balance these factors within the allocated budget to ensure both utility and aesthetic appeal in the final construction .

The cost estimation for constructing a building's substructure involves several elements such as site preparation, excavation and filling, concrete works, formwork, and reinforcement. Specific financial considerations include the unit rates for clearing the site, excavation depths, the type and thickness of materials used for filling, and the type of concrete and formwork required. For instance, site preparation per 300 m2 includes clearing debris at a rate of 175.00, leading to an amount of 52,500.00, while reinforced concrete for column bases is priced at 130,000.00 per 10.3 m3, resulting in a total of 1,339,000.00 .

The choice of materials significantly affects the total cost of roof construction and covering, as different materials have varying costs and structural requirements. For instance, using sawn treated hardwood for key structural elements like the king post, tie beams, rafters, and purlins contributes to costs such as 465,600.00 for tie beams and 802,375.00 for purlins. Additionally, the choice of 0.55mm factory-colored aluminum roof covering, which is both durable and aesthetic, costs 4,449,900.00. The total carried to collections for the roof structure and covering amounts to 8,343,033.00, illustrating how material selection influences overall expenditure .

Preliminary site preparation activities, such as clearing debris and leveling, are critical for ensuring a stable base for subsequent construction phases. These activities can prevent future complications and additional costs by establishing a clean, prepared environment for accurate foundation work. Clearing the site of debris, for instance, costs 52,500.00, facilitating easier and safer access for personnel and machinery. The quality and thoroughness of such preparations directly influence the efficiency and total cost of subsequent tasks, like excavation, which can be priced at 2,100.00 per m3 for trenches . Neglecting or improperly managing this phase can lead to delays and increased remediation expenses.

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