FORM 2
THE PATENTS ACT 1970
(39 of 1970)
&
The Patents Rules, 2003
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
(See section 10 and rule 13)
Smart Agricultural Robot for Targeted Pesticide Application and Irrigation Management
2. APPLICANTS:
1. (a) Name: Deepak Tatyasaheb Mane
(b) Nationality: Indian
(c) Address: -Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, 666, Upper Indiranagar, Bibwewadi Pune, Maharashtra,
India-411037.
2.(a) Name: Dhyey Nikunj Thakkar
(b) Nationality: Indian
(c) Address: - Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, 666, Upper Indiranagar, Bibwewadi Pune,
Maharashtra, India-411037.
3. (a) Name: Hriday Rajesh Badani
(b) Nationality: Indian
(c) Address:-Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, 666, Upper Indiranagar, Bibwewadi, Pune,
Maharashtra, India-411037.
4. (a) Name: Amay Prashant Patel
(b) Nationality: Indian
(c) Address: -Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, 666, Upper Indiranagar, Bibwewadi, Pune,
Maharashtra, India-411037.
5. (a) Name: Janhavi Shounak Awere
(b) Nationality: American
(c) Address: -Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, 666, Upper Indiranagar, Bibwewadi, Pune,
Maharashtra, India-411037.
[Link] TO THE DESCRIPTION:
The suggested design pertains to an autonomous smart pesticide robot for greenhouse conditions, in this case,
specifically designed for the growth of potato plants. The system incorporates a webcam, convolutional neural
network (CNN) model, and multi-reservoir pesticide delivery system to identify and treat typical potato
diseases—early blight and late blight—in addition to monitoring plant health. The robot moves with an IR
sensor that identifies positioning markers and stops the system exactly in front of every plant. When detected, a
picture of the plant leaf is taken and processed with a CNN model. If the plant is identified as diseased, a
corresponding pesticide pump is switched on. In the instance of a healthy crop, a moisture sensor driven by
servo tests soil and dispenses water accordingly in terms of moisture content in soil. The bot has wheels and
grip belts to navigate and is started through RFID authentication for purposeful activation. The structure lends
itself to autonomous, plant-variable treatment, which enhances disease management, resource utilisation, and
operational efficiency within greenhouse farming processes.
3.1 TECHNICAL FIELD:
The invention is within the area of agricultural automation, specifically for smart plant care systems in
controlled environments like greenhouses. It consists of the incorporation of sensors, machine learning, and
electromechanical elements to identify plant disease and control directed pesticide or water delivery.
3.2 PROBLEM ADDRESSED BY THE INVENTION:
Conventional plant care in a greenhouse is predominantly based on human inspection and treatment, which is
time-consuming, inconsistent, and subject to human error. Plant diseases like early blight and late blight are
usually not detected early, resulting in lowered crop yields and higher pesticide applications. Also, ineffective
water management through lack of real-time monitoring of soil moisture leads to either overwatering or
underwatering. There is a call for an automated, accurate, and crop-specific solution to enhance disease control
and resource optimization in greenhouse agriculture.
3.3 SOLUTION TO THE PROBLEM:
This invention discloses a single, smart pesticide robot for application in greenhouses. The robot utilizes a
webcam and a CNN model to monitor and classify plant health and diagnose diseases such as early blight and
late blight. The robot navigates using IR sensors and comes to a halt in front of each plant to scan it. Based on
the diagnosis, it either runs a specific pesticide pump or tests soil moisture with a servo-mounted sensor and
irrigates the plant accordingly. The system is started using RFID for secure entry and carries out accurate, real-
time plant care independently, enhancing efficiency, accuracy, and resource utilization in greenhouse farming
significantly.
3.4 ADVANTAGES OF THE INVENTION:
Our invention provides numerous advantages, including:
1. Automated Disease Detection: Utilizes a CNN model to accurately identify early blight, late blight, or
healthy leaves, reducing reliance on manual diagnosis.
2. Targeted Treatment: Dispenses specific pesticides only when required, minimizing chemical usage and
promoting sustainable farming.
3. Efficient Water Management: Waters plants based on real-time soil moisture levels, conserving water
and preventing overwatering.
4. Labor Reduction: Automates plant monitoring and care, significantly reducing manual labor in
greenhouse environments.
5. Modular and Cost-Effective: Built using readily available sensors and microcontrollers, allowing
affordable implementation and easy maintenance.
6. Precision and Consistency: Ensures uniform, timely care for each plant, leading to better crop health
and yield.
4. DESCRIPTION:
4.1. Field of invention:
This innovation belongs to the category of automation of smart farms, namely crop monitoring and
treatment systems based on the greenhouse. It combines sensors, machine learning models, and
mechanical parts for plant disease diagnosis and automation of plant care tasks like spraying pesticides
and irrigation. The innovation involves plant-specific diagnosis and automation of treatment using image
processing and sensing of the environment.
4.2. Background of Invention:
Conventional greenhouse cultivation requires time and labor-consuming manual scan and treatment of the
plants. Early blight and late blight may not be identified in time, and hence there is less crop yield, more
disease spread, and excessive use of chemicals, causing environmental degradation. Errors in watering, as
a result of the non-availability of real-time soil moisture levels, result in under or over-watering, plant
stress, wastage of water, and resource wastage.
Existing smart agriculture systems, as promising as they are, are too technical, costly, or complex in nature
to be fully utilized, limiting their deployment to small- and medium-sized greenhouse farms. Moreover,
most of the existing solutions are not end-to-end, real-time feedback based on both disease diagnosis and
soil moisture levels. There is a growing need for a low-cost, smart system to monitor plant health in an
unbroken manner, diagnose diseases at an early stage, and offer correct treatment based on real-time
environmental inputs. This invention bridges that gap with low-cost, off-the-shelf devices such as
webcams, microcontrollers, CNN models, IR sensors, and moisture probes to offer automatic, efficient,
and scalable plant care solutions.
Fig 1:
(a)
(b)
(c)
Fig 1(a)(b)(c) : Top, Side and Front view of our smart agriculture robot
Fig 2:
(a) (b)
(c)
Fig 2 (a)(b)(c) : Top, Side and Front view of our smart agriculture robot
4.3. Brief Description of Drawing/ Figures:
The attached drawings illustrate the design layout of the smart pesticide robot. Key labeled components
include:
● Webcam (10): Captures images of each plant leaf for disease detection.
● IR Sensor (1): Detects black tape markers placed in front of plants, stopping the robot for
inspection.
● RFID (13): Used to securely start the system.
● Wheels and Grip Belts (11, 12): Enable stable movement across the greenhouse floor.
● Reservoirs and Pumps (4–9): Store and dispense water or specific pesticides based on diagnosis.
● Servo Motor (3) and Moisture Sensor (2): Used to probe soil moisture levels and trigger irrigation
as needed.
4.4. Detailed Description of Development Process:
The process of developing the smart agricultural robot started with the selection of appropriate
components, such as a microcontroller to process sensor data and drive the robot. The heart of the system
consists of a series of sensors to monitor different environmental parameters like crop health, pesticide
application requirements, and moisture levels. To manage irrigation, a moisture sensor was incorporated to
monitor soil moisture, and a personalized pesticide dispensing system was developed to dispense
pesticides to targeted areas based on sensor data. The second part was to program the microcontroller to
process the sensor data and drive the robot, thus making it autonomous to perform its operations
independently, such as applying pesticides and irrigating the crops. Once the components were assembled,
extensive testing was conducted to make the operation efficient and smooth, with focus on the precision of
pesticide delivery, irrigation, and response to environmental changes in real time. The system was also
optimized to be energy efficient and reduce operational delay, making the system deliver a smooth
farming experience. The final product is made to be scalable and flexible to suit different agricultural
requirements, ranging from small farms to large-scale agricultural farms.
Hardware used:
● Microcontroller (e.g., Arduino Mega or equivalent): For processing sensor data and controlling the
robot’s movements.
● Moisture Sensor: To monitor soil moisture and automate irrigation when necessary.
● Pumps with Reservoir: For precise and targeted pesticide application based on sensor readings.
● Servo Motors and Wheels: To drive and maneuver the robot across the field.
● Power Supply: To power the microcontroller, sensors, and robotic components.
Circuit Diagram:
SUMMARY:
The intelligent farm robot offers an extremely efficient solution to crop protection and irrigation operation
automation. With a microcontroller, environmental sensors, and a dispensing system, the robot
automatically identifies soil conditions, sprays pesticides when needed, and irrigates according to real-time
data. The system maximizes care for crops and optimizes resource utilization, making it an extremely
valuable tool for sustainable agriculture. The robot offers flexibility, cost-effectiveness, and scalability,
making it extremely appropriate for a broad array of agricultural applications, ranging from small farms to
large-scale commercial farms. With accurate control of irrigation and pesticide spraying, the innovation
maximizes yield of crops, conserves resources, and encourages environmentally friendly farming practice.
5. CLAIMS
We claim :
1. Automated Crop Protection and Irrigation: The system autonomously detects including crop
health and soil moisture, and adjusts its pesticide application and irrigation actions accordingly
to optimize crop protection and growth.
2. Targeted Pesticide Application: The robot uses sensor data to precisely apply pesticides to
specific areas of the crops, ensuring efficient and minimal pesticide usage while maximizing
crop protection.
3. Energy-Efficient Operation: The robot operates on a low-energy system, optimizing energy use
through efficient power management, allowing it to perform long-duration tasks without
frequent recharging.
4. Dual-Functionality Integration: The system integrates both pesticide spraying and irrigation
capabilities within a single mobile platform, reducing the need for multiple machines and
streamlining crop maintenance operations.
5. On-Spot Spraying Mechanism: The robot is equipped with a mechanism that allows it to spray
pesticide or water only when it reaches a specific target area, reducing unnecessary dispersion
and minimizing chemical usage.
Date (a) Date
(a) Signature(s) (b) Signature
(b) Name: Deepak Tatyasaheb Mane (c) Name: Hriday Rajesh Badani
(a) Date
(b) Signature(s)
(c) Name: Dhyey Nikunj Thakkar
(a) Date
(b) Signature(s)
(c) Name: Amay Prashant Patel
(a) Date
(b) Signature(s)
(c) Name: Janhavi Shounak Awere
6. ABSTRACT OF THE INVENTION:
This configuration is most appropriate to a greenhouse smart pesticide robot in the form of a small mobile
platform with a built-in camera module, fluid reservoirs, and pumps symmetrically positioned for stability and
ease of use. The robot is made up of a proprietary combination of sensors, servos, and actuators in a protective
housing optimized for efficient application in the green house. The configuration comprises a front-mounted
imaging module for plant data acquisition and a top-mounted removable moisture probe. The configuration is
such that it can be aligned along plant rows, and onboard compartments hold dispensers for disease-specific
pesticide application or water-based irrigation. The overall configuration provides for modular integration and
automated use without loss of spatial efficiency.