izkf;drk

Probability

1. nks f[kykM+h ,d [ksy [ksy jgs gSaA ;fn ,d ds thrus dh 1. Two players are playing a game. If probability of
çkf;drk 0-62 gS rks mlh [ksy dks nwljs f[kykM+h }kjk one winning the game is 0.62, find probability of
thrus dh çkf;drk D;k gksxh\ second winning the same game.
(a) 0.38 (b) 0.28 (a) 0.38 (b) 0.28
(c) 0.39 (d) 0.40
(c) 0.39 (d) 0.40
2. ,d cSx esa 12 xasnsa gSa ftlesa ls 5 dkyh gSaA cSx ls ,d
xasn ;kn`fPNd <ax ls fudkyh tkrh gSA bl ckr dh 2. There are 12 balls in a bag out of which 5 are black.
çkf;drk crkb, fd og xsan dkyh gSA A ball is drawn at random from the bag. Find the
5 5 probability that it is a black ball.
(a) (b)
12 36 5 5
2 4 (a) (b)
(c) (d) 12 36
3 5
2 4
3. ,d vPNh rjg ls isaQVh xbZ rk'k dh xM~Mh ls ,d iÙkk (c) (d)
3 5
fudkyk tkrk gSA bl ckr dh çkf;drk D;k gksxh fd og
3. A card is drawn from a well shuffled pack of cards.
iÙkk ckn'kkg okyk gS\
1 1 Find the probability that it is a king.
(a) (b)
4 13 1 1
1 1 (a) (b)
(c) (d) 4 13
12 52 1 1
4. ,d vPNh rjg ls isaQVh xbZ rk'k ds iÙkksa dh xM~Mh esa (c) (d)
12 52
ls ,d iÙkk fudkyk tkrk gSA bl ckr dh çkf;drk D;k 4. A card is drawn from a well shuffled pack of cards.
gksxh fd og iÙkk yky jax dh la[;k okyk gks\ Find the probability that it is a red numbered card.
1 9
(a) (b) 1 9
2 26 (a) (b)
1 8 2 26
(c) (d)
3 23 1 8
(c) (d)
5. ç'u la[;k&4 esa] bl ckr dh çkf;drk D;k gksxh fd og 3 23
iÙkk dkys jax dk ckn'kkg okyk iÙkk gS\ 5. In Q. 4 what is the probability that it is a black king?
1 2 1 2
(a) (b) (a) (b)
52 13 52 13
1
(c) (d) buesa ls dksbZ ughaA 1
26 (c) (d) None of these.
26
6. tc ,d iklk mNkyk tkrk gS rks bl ckr dh çkf;drk D;k
6. When a dice is thrown, the probability that the
gksxh fd ikls ds Åijh iQyd ij vkus okyk vad ;k rks
le gS ;k fo"ke\ number on the dice is even or odd–
5 1 5 1
(a) (b) (a) (b)
6 6 6 6
(c) 0 (d) 1 (c) 0 (d) 1
641] çFke ry] eq[kthZ uxj] fnYyh&9 1
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 7. ;fn ,d xM~Mh ls ;kn`fPNd <ax ls ,d iÙkk fudkyk 7. If a card is drawn at random from a pack, the
tkrk gS] rks bl ckr dh çkf;drk D;k gksxh fd og xqyke probability that it is a black jack–
dk dkys jax okyk iÙkk gS\ 1 1
(a) (b)
1 1 52 26
(a) (b) 3 1
52 26 (c) (d)
3 1 26 13
(c) (d)
26 13 8. If a dice is rolled two times, what is the probability
8. ,d ikls dks nks ckj mNkyk tkrk gS rks bl ckr dh of the product of the numbers obtained, being 12?
çkf;drk D;k gksxh fd nksuksa vadksa dk [Link] 12 gS\ 1 8
(a) (b)
1 8 9 9
(a) (b) 5 1
9 9 (c) (d)
5 1 36 6
(c) (d)
36 6 9. What is the probability that a non-leap year selected
9. bl ckr dh çkf;drk D;k gksxh fd ,d ;kn`fPNd <ax at random has 53 Mondays?
ls pqus x, xSj&yhi o"kZ esa 53 lkseokj gSa\ 6
(a) (b) 1
6 7
(a) (b) 1
7 2 1
(c) (d)
2 1 7 7
(c) (d)
7 7 10. If two distinct numbers are picked at random from
10. ;fn nks fHkUu la[;k,¡ {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13} ds leqPp; ls the set : {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13}, then what is the
;kn`fPNd <ax ls pquh tk,¡] rks bl ckr dh çkf;drk D;k probability that the sum of the numbers picked is even?
gksxh fd bl çdkj pquh x;h la[;kvksa dk ;ksx le gS\ 1 2
(a) (b)
2 3 3
(a) (b)
3 1
(c) (d) 1
1 2
(c) (d) 1
2 11. There are 3 red balls, 4 green balls and 3 black balls
11. ,d cSx esa 3 yky] 4 gjh vkSj 3 dkyh xsansa gSaA cSx ls in a bag. Two balls are drawn at random from the
2 xsanksa dks ;kn`fPNd <ax ls fudkyk tkrk gSA bl ckr bag. Find the probability that none of them is a red
dh çkf;drk crkb, fd muesa ls ,d Hkh xsna yky ugha gS\ ball.
7 7 7 7
(a) (b) (a) (b)
8 15 8 15
9 9
(c) (d) buesa ls dksbZ ughaA (c) (d) None of these.
13 13
12. 5 yM+ds rFkk 4 yM+fd;k¡ ,d iafDr esa cSBs gSAa bl ckr dh 12. 5 boys and 4 girls are sitting in a row. Find the
çkf;drk D;k gksxh fd pkjksa yM+fd;k¡ ,d lkFk cSBh gqbZ gS\a probability that all four girls are sitting together.
26 1 26
(a) (b) (a) (b)
21 54 21 54
3 3
(c) (d) buesa ls dksbZ ughaA (c) (d) None of these.
26 26
13. ,d ckWDl esa 4 gjh rFkk 2 uhyh xsansa gSaA ;fn 2 xasnksa dks 13. There are 4 green and 2 blue balls in a box. If two
;kn`fPNd <ax ls fudkyk tk, rks bl ckr dh çkf;drk balls are drawn at random find the probability that
D;k gksxh fd ;s gjh gSa\ they are green.
641] çFke ry] eq[kthZ uxj] fnYyh&9 2
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 1 2 1 2
(a) (b) (a) (b)
2 3 2 3
2 2
(c) (d) buesa ls dksbZ ughaA (c) (d) None of these.
5 5
14. ,d d{kk esa 7 fo|kFkhZ mÙkj çns'k ls] 5 dukZVd ls vkSj 14. In a class there are 7 students from UP, 5 from
3 fgekpy ls gSaA buesa ls 4 fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks pquk tkuk gSA Karnataka and 3 from Himachal. Four students are
bl ckr dh çkf;drk D;k gksxh fd buesa ls de ls de to be chosen from them, find the probability that out
1 fo|kFkhZ dukZVd ls gS\ of them at least one should be from Karnataka.
11 11 11 11
(a) (b) (a) (b)
12 13 12 13
11 11
(c) (d) buesa ls dksbZ ughaA (c) (d) None of these.
14 14
15. 4 yky] 3 gjs] 2 uhys vkSj 5 dkys daps gSAa ;fn 4 dapksa dks 15. There are 4 red, 3 green, 2 blue and 5 black marbles.
;kn`fPNd <ax ls fudkyk tkrk gS rks bl ckr dh çkf;drk If 4 marbles are drawn at random find the probability
D;k gksxh fd blesa ls 2 yky rFkk 2 uhys daps gSa\ that 2 are red and 2 are blue.
6 5 6 5
(a) (b) (a) (b)
1001 903 1001 903
5 6
(c) (d) 5 6
709 91 (c) (d)
709 91
16. ç'u la[;k 15 esa] ;fn 3 daps ;kn`fPNd <ax ls fudkys
16. In Q. 15 if 3 marbles are drawn at random then find
tkrs gSa rks bl ckr dh çkf;drk D;k gksxh fd buesa ls
the probability that none of them is a black marble.
dksbZ Hkh dapk dkyk u gks\ 3 5
3 5 (a) (b)
(a) (b) 13 13
13 13
8 8
(c) (d) buesa ls dksbZ ughaA (c) (d) None of these.
13 13
17. Two persons A and B apply for the same post. If
17. nks O;fDr A vkSj B fdlh ,d gh in ds fy, vkosnu
1 1
djrs gSaA ;fn A ds p;fur gksus dh çkf;drk gS vkSj probability of A selected is and probability of B
7 7
1 1
B ds p;fur gksus dh çkf;drk gS rks in ds Hkjs tkus selecting is then find the probability to fill the
5 5
dh çkf;drk D;k gksxh\ post.
1 2 1 2
(a) (b) (a) (b)
7 7 7 7
3 4 3 4
(c) (d) (c) (d)
4 7 4 7
18. A ds lR; cksyus dh çkf;drk 75% vkSj B ds lR; 18. Probability of A speaking truth is 75% and B
cksyus dh çkf;drk 60% gSA fdlh leku ?kVuk ds lanHkZ speaking the truth is 60%. Find the probability that
esa muesa ls ,d ds lR; cksyus dh çkf;drk D;k gksxh\ one of them is speaking truth for same incidence.
(a) 25% (b) 45% (a) 25% (b) 45%
(c) 75% (d) buesa ls dksbZ ughaA (c) 75% (d) None of these.
641] çFke ry] eq[kthZ uxj] fnYyh&9 3
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19. fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu&lh fdlh Hkh ?kVuk ds ?kfVr gksus 19. Out of the following which cannot be the probability
dh çkf;drk ugha gks ldrh gS\ of anything?
2 2
(a) (b) 15% (a) (b) 15%
3 3
(c) –1.5 (d) buesa ls dksbZ ughaA (c) –1.5 (d) None of these.
20. A and B appear for an interview. The probability
20. A vkSj B ,d lk{kkRdkj esa 'kkfey gksrs gSaA lk{kkRdkj esa
3 3
A ds pqus tkus dh çkf;drk rFkk B ds pqus tkus dh that A is short listed in the interview is and that
7 7
1 1
çkf;drk gSA bl ckr dh çkf;drk D;k gksxh fd nksuksa of B is . The probability that both are short listed
7 7
for the interview is –
gh pqu fy, tk,¡\
24 4 24 4
(a) (b) (a) (b)
49 7 49 7
1 3 1 3
(c) (d) (c) (d)
49 49 49 49
21. Two coins are tossed. Find the probability that at
21. 2 flDds mNkys tkrs gSaA bl ckr dh çkf;drk D;k gksxh
least one head turns up.
fd de ls de ,d flDdk fpÙk 'kh"kZ ij gks\
1 2
1 2 (a) (b)
(a) (b) 2 3
2 3
3
3 (c) (d) None of these.
(c) (d) buesa ls dksbZ ughaA 4
4
22. If 4 fair coins are tossed together, what is the
22. ;fn 4 flDds ,d lkFk mNkys tkrs gSa rks bl ckr dh
probability of getting exactly 3 heads?
çkf;drk D;k gksxh fd 3 flDds fpÙk vk,¡\ 1 1
1 1 (a) (b)
(a) (b) 2 4
2 4 3
3 (c) (d) None of these.
(c) (d) buesa ls dksbZ ughaA 4
4 23. A point is chosen at random in a circle of radius 10
23. 10 lseh- f=kT;k okys ,d o`Ùk esa ;kn`fPNd <ax ls ,d cm. Find the probability that it remains at least 6 cm
fcanq dks pquk tkrk gSA bl ckr dh çkf;drk D;k gksxh far from the centre.
fd ;g fcUnq dsUnz ls de ls de 6 lseh- dh nwjh ij gks\ 16 9
(a) (b)
16 9 25 25
(a) (b)
25 25 2 3
2 3 (c) (d)
(c) (d) 5 5
5 5 24. Two fair dices are thrown simultaneously. What is
24. nks ikls ,d lkFk mNkys tkrs gSaA bl ckr dh çkf;drk the probability that one dice shows up a number
D;k gksxh fd ,d ikls ij 4 ls cM+h rFkk nwljs ij 3 ls greater than '4' and the other shows up a number less
NksVh la[;k n`f"Vxr gks\ than '3'?
3 2 3 2
(a) (b) (a) (b)
7 9 7 9
4 4
(c) (d) buesa ls dksbZ ughaA (c) (d) None of these.
9 9
641] çFke ry] eq[kthZ uxj] fnYyh&9 4
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25. nks ikls ,d lkFk mNkys tkrs gSaA bl ckr dh çkf;drk 25. Two fair dices are thrown simultaneously. What is
D;k gksxh fd nksuksa iklksa ds vadksa dk ;ksx 7 ds cjkcj the probability that the sum obtained is not equal to 7?
u gks\ 1 2
(a) (b)
1 2 6 6
(a) (b)
6 6 5 7
5 7 (c) (d)
(c) (d) 6 8
6 8 26. When ‘n’ dices are rolled find the probability that
26. tc ‘n’ ikls yq<d
+ k;s tkrs gSa rks bl ckr dh çkf;drk D;k the sum of numbers on top faces is minimum.
gksxh fd muds Åijh iQyd ij vkus okyh la[;kvksa dk 1 1
;ksx U;wure gksA (a) n (b) n −1
6 6
1 1
(a) (b) 2 10
6n 6 n −1 (c) n (d) n
2 10 6 6
(c) n (d) n 27. In Q.26 what is the probability of getting maximum
6 6
sum?
27. ç'u la[;k&26 esa vfèkdre ;ksx ds vkus dh çkf;drk
1 1
D;k gksxh\ (a) n (b) n −1
1 1 6 6
(a) (b) 2 10
6n 6 n 1
(c) n (d) n
2 10 6 6
(c) n (d) n
6 6 28. If 2 cards are drawn simultaneously from a well
28. ,d vPNh rjg ls isaQVh xbZ rk'k dh xM~Mh ls 2 iÙks shuffled pack of cards, then find the probability of
fudkys tkrs gSa rks bl ckr dh çkf;drk D;k gksxh fd both being honours.
nksuksa iÙks vkWulZ (fcuk la[;kvksa okys) gksa\ 12
C2 14
C2
12 14 (a) (b)
C2 C2 52
C2 52
C2
(a) 52
(b) 52
C2 C2 12
C2 16
C2
12
C2 16
C2 (c) 48
(d) 52
(c) (d) C2 C2
48 52
C2 C2
29. If 2 cards are drawn at random from a pack of cards,
29. ,d rk'k dh xM~Mh ls ;kn`fPNd <ax ls 2 iÙks fudkys what is the probability that one of them is a
tkrs gSa rks bl ckr dh çkf;drk D;k gksxh fd blesa ls numbered card and the other is a king?
,d iÙkk la[;k okyk gks rFkk nwljk iÙkk ,d ckn'kkg gks\ 36 144
36 144 (a) 52 (b) 52
(a) 52
(b) 52 C2 C2
C2 C2
48
48 (c) (d) None of these.
(c) 52 (d) buesa ls dksbZ ughaA 52
C2
C2
30. In Q.29 what is the probability that both of them are
30. ç'u la[;k&29 esa] bl ckr dh çkf;drk D;k gksxh fd
nksuksa ;k rks gqdqe ds iÙks ;k fpM+h ds iÙks gSa\ spades or both of them are clubs?
13 26
13
C2 26
C4 C2 C4
(a) (b) (a) 52
(b) 52
52
C2 52
C2 C2 C2
13
2 × 13C2 2 × C2
(c) 52
(d) buesa ls dksbZ ughaA (c) 52
(d) None of these.
C2 C2
641] çFke ry] eq[kthZ uxj] fnYyh&9 5
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 31. tc ,d rk'k dh xM~Mh ls 2 iÙks ,d lkFk fudkys tkrs 31. When two cards are drawn simultaneously from a
gSa rks bl ckr dh çkf;drk D;k gksxh fd nksuksa ;k rks pack of cards, what is the probability that both are
yky jax ds iÙks gksa ;k ckn'kkg okys iÙks\ red or both are kings?
165 170 165 170
(a) (b) (a) (b)
663 753 663 753
331
(c) (d) buesa ls dksbZ ughaA 331
1326 (c) (d) None of these.
32. ,d ckWDl] ftlesa yky jax dh 4 xsansa vkSj gjs jax dh 7 1326
32. When two balls are drawn one after other without
xsansa gSa] mlesa ls fcuk cnys ,d ds ckn ,d djds nks
xsansa fudkyh tkrh gSa] rks bl ckr dh çkf;drk D;k gksxh replacement from a box containing 4 red balls and
fd muesa ls igyh xsan yky jax dh gS] tcfd nwljh gjs 7 green balls, find the probability that the first one
jax dh\ is red and the second one is green.
14 14 14 14
(a) (b) (a) (b)
53 55 53 55
17 28 17 28
(c) (d) (c) (d)
55 55 55 55

Previous Years Questions

1. fdlh fMCcs esa 14 dkyh xsansa] 20 uhyh xsansa] 26 gjh xsansa] 1. A bax contains 14 black balls, 20 blue balls, 26 green
28 ihyh xsansa] 38 yky xsansa vkSj 54 liQsn xsansa gSaA balls, 28 yellow balls, 38 red balla and 54 white
fuEufyf•r dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft;s % balls. Consider the following statements :
1. ;fn fMCcs esa ls ;kn`fPNd :i ls dksbZ lh n xsansa 1. The smallest number n such that any n balls
bl çdkj fudkyh tk,¡ fd muesa de&ls&de ,d drawn from the box randomly must contain
jax dk ,d iwjk lewg vo'; gks] rks n dh y?kqre one full group of at least one colour is 175.
la[;k 175 gSA 2. The smallest number m such that any m balls
2. ;fn fMCcs esa ls ;kn`fPNd :i ls dksbZ lh m xsansa
drawn from the box randomly must contain at
bl çdkj fudkyh tk,¡ fd muesa gj jax dh
least one ball of each colour is 167.
de&ls&de ,d xsan vo'; gks] rks m dh y?kqre
la[;k 167 gSA Which of the above statements is/are correct?
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
mi;ZqDr dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa \
(a) dsoy 1 (b) dsoy 2 (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
(c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa (d) u rks 1, u gh 2  UPSC-2023
 UPSC-2023
2. A bag contains 15 red balls and 20 black balls. Each
2. fdlh >ksys esa 15 yky xsna as vkSj 20 dkyh xsna as gSAa izR;sd ball is numbered either 1 or 2 or 3. 20% of the red
xsna ij 1 ;k 2 ;k 3 dh la[;k fy[kh gSA yky xsna ksa ds balls are numbered 1 and 40% of them are numbered
20% ij la[;k 1 rFkk muds 40% ij la[;k 3 fy[kh gSA
3. Similarly, among the black balls, 45% are
blh izdkj] dkyh xsna ksa esa 45% ij la[;k 2 rFkk 30% ij
numbered 2 and 30% are numbered 3. A boy picks
la[;k 3 fy[kh gSA ,d ckyd ;kn`PN;k ,d xsna fudkyrk
a ball at random. He wins if the ball is red and
gSA ;g xsna ;fn yky gS vkSj ml ij 3 dh la[;k gS vFkok
numbered 3 or if it is black and numbered 1 or 2.
;fn xsna dkyh gS vkSj ml ij 1 ;k 2 dh la[;k gS] rks
ckyd thr tkrk gSA mlds thrus dh izkf;drk D;k gS\ What are the chances of his winning?
641] çFke ry] eq[kthZ uxj] fnYyh&9 6
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 1 4 (a)
1
(b)
4
(a) (b)
2 7 2 7
5 12 5 12
(c) (d) (c) (d)  UPSC-2018
9 13 9 13
 UPSC-2018 3. A round archery target of diameter 1 m is marked
3. rhjank”kh dh fdlh o` Ùkkdkj IysV (VkjxsV) dks] ftldk with four scoring regions from the centre outwards
O;kl 1 ehVj gS] vanj ls ckgj dh vksj pkj jaxksa esa& as red, blue, yellow and white. The radius of the red
yky] uhyk] ihyk vkSj lisQn jaxk x;k gSA yky cSaM dh band is 0.20 m. The width of all the remaining bands
f=kT;k 0.20 ehVj gSA ckdh cSaMksa dh pkSM+kbZ ,dleku gSA is equal. If archers throw arrows towards the target,
bl o` Ùkkdkj IysV (VkjxsV) dh vksj rhjank”kksa }kjk rhj what is the probability that the arrows fall in the red
pyk, tkus ij] rhjksa ds VkjxsV ds yky fgLls (cSaM) esa
region of the archery target?
yxus dh izkf;drk D;k gS\
(a) 0.40 (b) 0.20
(a) 0.40 (b) 0.20
(c) 0.16 (d) 0.04 UPSC-2016 (c) 0.16 (d) 0.04 UPSC-2016
4. 6 fHkUu i=k rFkk mlds laxr 6 fyiQkisQ gSa] ftu ij irk 4. There are 6 different letters and 6 correspondingly
fy[kk gqvk gSA ;fn i=kksa dks fyiQkiQksa esa ;kn` fPNd <ax addressed envelopes. If the letters are randomly put
ls Mkyk tk,] rFkk ;FkkrF; 5 i=kksa dks lgh irs okys in the envelopes. What is the probability that exactly
fyiQkiQksa esa Mkyk tk, rks NBs i=k ds xyr fyiQkisQ esa 5 letters go into the correctly addresses envelopes?
Mkyus dh izkf;drk D;k gksxh\ 1
(a) Zero (b)
6
(a) 'kwU; (b)
1 5
1 5 (c) (d) UPSC-2008
(c) (d) UPSC-2008 2 6
2 6
5. Three digits are chosen at random from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
5. fcuk iqujko`fÙk ds 1] 2] 3] 4] 5] 6] 7] 8 vkSj 9 esa ls
6, 7, 8 and 9 without repeating any digit. What is
;kn`fPNd <ax ls rhu vad fy;s x, gSaA muds [Link]
the probability that their product is odd?
ds fo"ke gksus dh izkf;drk D;k gS\
2 5 2 5
(a) (b) (a) (b)
3 108 3 108
5 7 5 7
(c) (d)  UPSC-2006 (c) (d)  UPSC-2006
42 48 42 48

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