Global Navigation Satellite Systems and Applications
Satellite Based Augmentation System (SBAS)
Dr. Arun K. Saraf,
Professor
Department of Earth Sciences
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Satellite Based Augmentation System (SBAS)
Applications where the cost of a differential GNSS system is not
justified or if the rover stations are spread over too large an area,
a SBAS may be more appropriate for enhancing position
accuracy.
Satellite Based Augmentation System
• SBAS supports wide-area or regional
augmentation – even continental
scale - through the use of
geostationary (GEO) satellites which
[Link]
broadcast the augmentation
information.
• A SBAS augments primary GNSS
constellation(s) by providing GEO
ranging, integrity and correction
information.
• While the main goal of SBAS is to
provide integrity assurance, it also
increases the accuracy with position SBAS system overview
errors below 1 meter.
Satellite Based Augmentation System
• The ground infrastructure includes
the accurately-surveyed sensor
stations which receive the data from
the primary GNSS satellites and a
[Link]
Processing Facility Center which
computes integrity, corrections and
GEO ranging data forming the
SBAS signal-in-space (SIS).
Integrity is the measure of the trust that can
be placed in the correctness of the information
supplied by a navigation system, which
includes the ability of the system to provide
timely warnings to users when the system SBAS system overview
should not be used for navigation.
Satellite Based Augmentation System
• The SBAS GEO satellites relay the
signal-in-space (SIS) to the SBAS
users which determine their position
and time information.
[Link]
• For this, they use measurements
and satellite positions both from the
primary GNSS constellation(s) and
the SBAS GEO satellites and apply
the SBAS correction data and its
integrity.
SBAS system overview
Satellite Based Augmentation System
• The augmentation information
provided by SBAS covers
corrections and integrity for satellite
[Link]
position errors, satellite clock/time
errors and errors induced by the
estimation of the delay of the signal
while crossing the ionosphere.
• For the errors induced by the
estimation of the delay caused by
the troposphere and its integrity, the
user applies a tropospheric delay
SBAS system overview
model.
SBAS Signal
• Every SBAS provides ranging signals, differential corrections on the wide area
and additional parameters aimed to guarantee the integrity of the GNSS user:
[Link]
GEO Ranging: transmission of GPS-like L1 signals from GEO satellites to augment
the number of navigation satellites available to the users.
Wide Area Differential (WAD): differential corrections to the existing
GPS/GLONASS/GEO navigation services computed in a wide area to improve
navigation services performance. This includes corrections to the satellite orbits
and clocks, as well as information to estimate the delay suffered from the signal
when it passes through the ionosphere.
GNSS/Ground Integrity Channel (GIC): integrity information to inform about the
availability of GPS/GLONASS/GEO safe navigation service.
Satellite Based Augmentation System
• Reference stations, which are geographically distributed
[Link]
throughout the SBAS service area, receive GNSS signals and
forward them to the master station.
• Since the locations of the reference stations are accurately known,
the master station can accurately calculate wide-area corrections.
• Corrections are uplinked to the SBAS satellite and then broadcast
to GNSS receivers throughout the SBAS coverage area.
• Receivers capable of receiving SBAS signals, receives the
corrections and applies them to range calculations.
An overview of some of the SBAS services that have been
[Link]
implemented around the world or that are planned
Wide Area Augmentation System
(WAAS)
• The US Federal Aviation
Administration (FAA) has
developed the WAAS to provide
GPS corrections and a certified
level of integrity to the aviation
industry, to enable aircraft to
conduct precision approaches to
airports.
An overview of some of the SBAS services that have been
implemented around the world or that are planned
[Link]
Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS)
• The corrections are also available free of charge to civilian users in North
America.
• A Wide Area Master Station (WMS) receives GPS data from Wide Area
Reference Stations (WRS) located throughout the United States.
• The WMS calculates differential corrections then uplinks these to two WAAS
geostationary satellites for broadcast across the United States.
An overview of some of the SBAS services that have been
implemented / planned around the world
[Link]
Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS)
• Separate corrections are calculated for ionospheric delay, satellite timing, and
satellite orbits, which allows error corrections to be processed separately, if
appropriate, by the user application.
• WAAS broadcasts correction data on the same frequency as GPS, which
allows for the use of the same receiver and antenna equipment as that used
for GPS. To receive correction data, user equipment must have line of sight to
one of the WAAS satellites.
An overview of some of the SBAS services that have been
implemented / planned around the world
[Link]
European Geostationary Navigation
Overlay Service (EGNOS)
• The ESA, in cooperation with the European
Commission (EC) and EUROCONTROL
(European Organization for the Safety of Air
Navigation) has developed the European
Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service
(EGNOS), an augmentation system that
improves the accuracy of positions derived
from GPS signals and alerts users about the
reliability of the GPS signals.
An overview of some of the SBAS services that have been
implemented / planned around the world
[Link]
European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service (EGNOS)
• Three EGNOS satellites cover European Union member nations and several other
countries in Europe. EGNOS transmits differential correction data for public use and
has been certified for safety-of-life applications. EGNOS satellites have also been
placed over the eastern Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean, and the African mid-
continent.
An overview of some of the SBAS services that have been
implemented / planned around the world
MTSAT Satellite Based
[Link]
Augmentation System
(MSAS)
• MSAS is an SBAS that
provides augmentation
services to Japan. It uses
two Multi-functional
Transport Satellites
(MTSAT) and a network of
ground stations to augment
GPS signals in Japan.
An overview of some of the SBAS services that have been
implemented / planned around the world
GPS-Aided GEO Augmented
Navigation system (GAGAN)
• GAGAN is an SBAS that supports flight
navigation over Indian airspace. The
system is based on three geostationary
[Link]
satellites, 15 reference stations
installed throughout India, three uplink
stations and two control centers.
• GAGAN is compatible with other SBAS
systems, such as AAS, EGNOS and
MSAS.
An overview of some of the SBAS services that have been
implemented / planned around the world
[Link]
System for Differential Corrections and
Monitoring (SDCM)
• The Russian Federation is developing SDCM
to provide Russia with accuracy
improvements and integrity monitoring for
both the GLONASS and GPS navigation
systems. By 2016, the Russian Federation
plans to provide L1 SBAS coverage for all
Russian territory and by 2018 L1/L5
coverage.
• SDCM will also provide Precise Point
Positioning (PPP) services for L1/L3
GLONASS by 2018.
An overview of some of the SBAS services that have been
implemented / planned around the world
[Link]
Other SBAS Systems
• China is planning SNAS (Satellite Navigation Augmentation System), to
provide WAAS-like service for the China region.
An overview of some of the SBAS services that have been
implemented / planned around the world
Ground Based Augmentation System
[Link]
• A Ground Based Augmentation System
(GBAS) provides differential corrections and
satellite integrity monitoring to receivers
using a VHF radio link. Also known as a
Local Area Augmentation System (LAAS), a
GBAS consists of several GNSS antennas
placed at known locations, a central control
system and a VHF radio transmitter.
• GBAS covers a relatively small area (by
GNSS standards) and is used for
applications that require high levels of
accuracy, availability and integrity. Airports
are an example of a GBAS application.
SBAS: Summary
SBAS is suitable
for applications
where the cost of
installing a base
station is not
justified, or if the
rover stations are
spread over too
wide of an area.
SBAS: Summary
• SBAS is a geosynchronous satellite system that provides services to
improve the overall GNSS accuracy
Improve accuracy through wide-area corrections for range errors
Enhance integrity through integrity monitoring data
Improve signal availability if SBAS transmits ranging signals from it
satellites
SBAS: Summary
• Reference stations receive
GNSS signals and forwards
them to master station
• Master station accurately
calculates wide to area
corrections
• Uplink station sends
correction data up to SBAS
satellites
• SBAS satellites broadcasts
corrections
SBAS: Summary
• SBAS has two level of services:
Free, government to provided SBAS services in GPS frequency (except
CDGPS)
Commercial SBAS service in a different frequency
• Different free SBAS services are available around the world:
Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS to North America)
European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service (EGNOS)
CDGPS (Canada and continental United States)
MTSAT Satellite Based Augmentation System (MSAS to Japan)
GPS to Aided GEO Augmented Navigation system (GAGAN – India)
Satellite Navigation Augmentation System (SNAS – China)
Satellite to Based Augmentation System
• Commercial SBAS system includes OmniSTAR, VERIPOS, and
StarFire
• OmniSTAR is a subscriptiontobased service that transmits differential
corrections at Ltoband frequencies close to GPS frequencies
• OmniSTAR provides three levels of services:
• VBS, providing subtometre horizontal accuracy
• XP, providing decimeter accuracy
• HP, providing subtodecimeter accuracy
• OmniSTAR satellites provide coverage over most of the world’s land
areas [Link]/[Link]
THANKS
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