Here are 50 MCQs from the Volcanoes topic in the Class 11 NCERT Geography book based
on:
Factual
Twisted
Conceptual
Match the Following
Current Affairs Linked with Static
Assertion & Reasoning
1–10: Factual Questions
1. What is the primary cause of volcanic eruptions?
a) Weathering
b) Movement of glaciers
c) Tectonic plate movements
d) Wind erosion
2. Which of the following is the world’s most active volcano?
a) Mauna Loa
b) Mount Vesuvius
c) Mount Etna
d) Kilauea
3. The molten rock beneath the Earth’s surface is called:
a) Lava
b) Magma
c) Sediment
d) Slag
4. Volcanic eruptions are common along:
a) Divergent boundaries
b) Fold mountains
c) Loess plateaus
d) Rift valleys
5. Which of the following is NOT a type of volcano?
a) Shield
b) Composite
c) Cinder cone
d) Folded
6. Volcanic eruptions release which of the following gases?
a) Nitrogen only
b) Oxygen only
c) Water vapour, CO₂, SO₂
d) Only ozone
7. The Ring of Fire is located in:
a) Atlantic Ocean
b) Indian Ocean
c) Pacific Ocean
d) Arctic Circle
8. A caldera is formed when:
a) Lava solidifies
b) Volcano explodes and collapses
c) Earthquake occurs
d) Volcano erupts gently
9. The Deccan Traps in India were formed by:
a) Sedimentation
b) Volcanic eruptions
c) Tectonic uplift
d) River erosion
10. Dormant volcanoes are those that:
a) Are extinct forever
b) May erupt again
c) Erupt continuously
d) Are under water
11–20: Twisted Questions
11. Which of the following volcano types is most dangerous in terms of explosive
eruptions?
a) Shield
b) Dome
c) Cinder
d) Composite
12. Which volcano-related feature is found under the sea and forms new land?
a) Hot springs
b) Ocean trenches
c) Mid-oceanic ridges
d) Ocean gyres
13. Which Indian island has an active volcano?
a) Lakshadweep
b) Majuli
c) Barren Island
d) Diu
14. If magma cools below the Earth’s surface, it forms:
a) Volcanic cones
b) Intrusive igneous rocks
c) Craters
d) Metamorphic rocks
15. Which of the following is incorrectly matched?
a) Composite – Layers of lava and ash
b) Shield – Gentle slopes
c) Cinder – Explosive eruptions
d) Caldera – Build-up cone
16. Which is least likely to trigger a volcanic eruption?
a) Subduction
b) Frictional heating
c) Asteroid impact
d) Tidal action
17. The major difference between magma and lava is:
a) Composition
b) Colour
c) Location
d) Pressure
18. The difference between pyroclastic flow and lava flow is:
a) Lava flows are colder
b) Pyroclastic flows consist of ash and rock fragments
c) Pyroclastic flows move slowly
d) Lava is gaseous
19. The Hawaiian Islands were formed due to:
a) Plate collision
b) Subduction
c) Hotspot volcanism
d) Faulting
20. The Parícutin volcano in Mexico emerged from:
a) Riverbed
b) Forest
c) Farmland
d) Desert
21–30: Conceptual Questions
21. Volcanoes help in landform development by:
a) Preventing erosion
b) Adding to crust through lava deposits
c) Causing faults
d) Melting glaciers
22. Why are volcanic soils fertile?
a) Rich in organic matter
b) Contain decomposed animal matter
c) Contain minerals from volcanic ash
d) Lack nutrients
23. How does silica content affect lava viscosity?
a) No effect
b) Higher silica = more viscous
c) Lower silica = more viscous
d) Silica turns lava to gas
24. Volcanic islands in the ocean rise above sea level due to:
a) Coral reef growth
b) Earthquake uplift
c) Repeated lava deposits
d) Glacier melting
25. Volcanism on Earth’s moon is:
a) Active
b) Dormant
c) Extinct
d) Erupting regularly
26. Plate boundaries prone to volcanic eruptions are usually:
a) Static
b) Passive margins
c) Convergent and divergent
d) Interior plates
27. Lava plateau formation involves:
a) Explosive eruptions
b) Fissure eruptions
c) Undersea eruptions
d) Cinder eruptions
28. What causes hotspot volcanoes?
a) Movement of tectonic plates
b) Magma plumes rising from deep mantle
c) Friction between plates
d) Faulting
29. Ash clouds from volcanoes can lead to:
a) Global warming
b) Ozone depletion
c) Temporary global cooling
d) Greenhouse gas destruction
30. Volcanism is rare in Himalayas because:
a) It’s an old mountain
b) It is formed due to continent-continent collision
c) It lacks magma
d) It has glaciers
31–35: Match the Following
31. Match types of volcanoes with characteristics:
A. Shield → 1. Gentle lava flow
B. Cinder cone → 2. Small, steep, ash and cinders
C. Composite → 3. Layers of ash and lava
D. Caldera → 4. Collapsed summit
a) A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4
b) A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3
c) A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1
d) A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2
32. Match features with their formations:
A. Mid-ocean ridge → 1. Divergent boundary
B. Trench → 2. Subduction
C. Caldera → 3. Collapse
D. Volcanic Island → 4. Hotspot
a) A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4
b) A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3
c) A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2
d) A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1
33. Match volcanoes with country:
A. Mauna Loa → 1. USA (Hawaii)
B. Etna → 2. Italy
C. Fuji → 3. Japan
D. Krakatoa → 4. Indonesia
a) A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4
34. Match types with example:
A. Shield volcano → 1. Mauna Loa
B. Composite → 2. Mount Fuji
C. Cinder cone → 3. Paricutin
D. Caldera → 4. Yellowstone
a) A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4
35. Match volcanic products with effects:
A. Ash fall → 1. Crop damage
B. Lava flow → 2. Land formation
C. Gas emission → 3. Air pollution
D. Pyroclastic flow → 4. Sudden destruction
a) A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4
36–45: Assertion & Reasoning
> Choose:
a) A and R are true, and R explains A
b) A and R are true, but R does not explain A
c) A is true, R is false
d) A is false, R is true
36.
A: Volcanic activity occurs mostly along plate boundaries.
R: Plate movement allows magma to reach the surface.
a)
37.
A: Volcanic eruptions lead to fertile soil.
R: Lava adds minerals to the soil.
a)
38.
A: Hotspot volcanism can occur in the middle of tectonic plates.
R: Hotspots are not influenced by plate boundaries.
a)
39.
A: Composite volcanoes are gentle and predictable.
R: They form from slow lava flow.
d)
40.
A: Dormant volcanoes can never erupt again.
R: They have exhausted their magma chamber.
d)
41.
A: Volcanoes emit gases harmful to human health.
R: Volcanic gases include SO₂ and CO₂.
a)
42.
A: Lava from shield volcanoes spreads widely.
R: It is low in viscosity.
a)
43.
A: Submarine volcanoes cannot cause damage.
R: They are located deep underwater and inactive.
d)
44.
A: Earthquakes often precede volcanic eruptions.
R: Magma movement causes seismic activity.
a)
45.
A: The Ring of Fire is seismically inactive.
R: It lies in the middle of tectonic plates.
d)
46–50: Current Affairs Linked with Static
46. Which of the following volcanoes erupted in 2021 affecting global climate?
a) Mauna Kea
b) La Palma (Canary Islands)
c) Fuji
d) Stromboli
47. The 2023 undersea volcanic eruption in Tonga reminded scientists of the importance
of:
a) Plate movement in continental interiors
b) Monitoring hotspot regions
c) Preventing lava flow
d) Earthquake-resistant buildings
48. India’s Barren Island is an example of:
a) Composite volcano
b) Hotspot volcano
c) Cinder cone
d) Stratovolcano
49. Which recent campaign aims to use volcanic soil for agriculture?
a) Soil Health Mission
b) Atmanirbhar Krishi Abhiyan
c) PM-KISAN
d) Green India Programme
50. Volcanic ash monitoring by ISRO supports:
a) NDMA
b) Aviation Safety
c) Urban Housing
d) Coal Production
Let me know if you want a PDF, practice quiz, or next topic (like Earthquakes or Plate
Tectonics).