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Volume proposal project doc

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KISII UNIVERSITY -MAIN CAMPUS

PROJECT PROPOSAL
PROJECT TITLE: A MODEL OF VOLUME OF SOLIDS (TRIANGULAR
PRISM, SQUARE BASED PYRAMID AND A CONE)
NAME: TECLA JERUTTO KITUM
REG NO: ED11/00564/21
FACULTY: SCHOOL OF EDUCATION AND HUMAN RESOURCE
DEVELOPMENT
DEPARTMENT: EDUCATION
COURSE CODE: EDCI 398
TEACHING PRACTICE ZONE: KISII-KILGORIS ZONE
TEACHING PRACTICE SCHOOL: ST. PETERS KEBERESI HIGH SCHOOL
ZONE COORDINATOR: DR. RICHARD TINEGA
TEACHING PRACTICE PERIOD: MAY-AUGUST 2024

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APPROVAL AND DECLARATION OF THE PROJECT.

This project is submitted to the head of department mathematics, the school principal and the project
supervisor for approval. Their names and signatures are included below.

HEAD OF DEPARTMENT MATHEMATICS

NAME

Signature: …………………

Stamp: ………………………………………………………….

PROJECT SUPERVISOR KISII UNIVERSITY

NAME: …………………………………………….

SIGNATURE……………………………………….

Date....................

DECLARATION
I declare to the best of my knowledge that this project is my own original work and has never been submitted
in any institution or from any student for degree qualifications

NAME: TECLA JERUTTO KITUM

DATE: ........…............................

SIGNATURE……………………………………….

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENET.
I would like to thank the Almighty God for the love and care that he has granted me to be able to come up
with this project proposal.

I also appreciate the entire administration of St. Peters keberesi high school headed by our able principal Mr.
Elijah Maeri and deputy principal madam Beatrice Rambui for allowing me to be in their school to carry out
my teaching practice.

I cannot forget the teachers, subordinate staff and students for the cooperation, willingness to give me advice
and corrections whenever I needed them the most. Not forgetting all the head of departments St Peters
keberesi high school for the support accorded to me throughout the development of this project proposal.

DEDICATION.
This project proposal is first dedicated to the Almighty GOD for giving me life and strength throughout my
education. Secondly to my primary mathematics teachers for building a good foundation for me in the field of
mathematics. To my beloved parents and well-wishers for their full support financially and morally .To the
university administration and management for giving me chance in the university.

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ABSTRACT
This proposal has three chapters. Chapter one has the introduction which gives an overview of the
project details, background information about the school together with the previous performance of
the school. The second chapter has constituted the literature review, with issues related to the
teaching and learning of sciences. The third chapter contains the project design and methodology
which basically entails the project description where theoretical details concerning the project has
been captured and linked to the project model. It also includes project materials (list of all materials
required for the project, including quantities, project design and procedure) which includes the
drawing, project utilization, sustainability and evaluation.

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Table of Contents
APPROVAL......................................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
DECLARATION.................................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
DEDICATION..................................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
ABSTRACT...................................................................................................................................................... iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS..............................................................................................................................................vii
CHAPTER ONE................................................................................................................................................ 1
INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................................. 1
1.1. Background information.............................................................................................................................. 1
1:2. Justification of the project........................................................................................................................... 1
1.4. Project problem identification..................................................................................................................... 2
CHAPTER TWO:.............................................................................................................................................. 4
LITERATURE REVIEW................................................................................................................................. 4
2.1 INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................................... 4
CHAPTER THREE........................................................................................................................................... 6
PROJECT DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY.................................................................................................. 6
3.1. INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................................................... 6
3.2. Project description....................................................................................................................................... 6
3.3 Project materials........................................................................................................................................... 6
3.4 Project design and procedure........................................................................................................................ 7
3.5 Project utilization....................................................................................................................................... 13
3.6 Project sustainability.................................................................................................................................. 13
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................................ 14
APPENDICES................................................................................................................................................. 15
Appendix 1. proposed calendar of events......................................................................................................... 15
Appendix 2: Proposed Budget.......................................................................................................................... 16
Appendix 3: Sketch/Drawing of the proposal project....................................................................................... 17

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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1. Background information

St . Peters keberesi high school

[Link] keberesi high school started in 2000 through the initiative of the community and the
catholic [Link] school was sponsored by the catholic church,diocese of [Link] school had
grown in both physical infrastructure and student [Link] the time of the assessment the
student population stood 816 i.e 385 boys and 428 [Link] school was registered in January
2000 under registration number GP/A/2151/2002.
Currently the school is a Sub-county public school owned by the Government and it is located
on kenyenya [Link] school is a boarding and day school and has a total number of 40
teachers,20 TSC,7 BOM and 13 on Teaching practice. The population of school is 824,392 girls
and 432 boys.
SCHOOL MOTTO: A walk in the light.

VISION: A center of academic excellence and talent development.

MISSION: Committed to provide the learners with a holistic education for self reliance in the
society.

Academically the school has been doing well in terms of the performance. Their is an
improvement in every year,in 2012 the mean score of the school was 3.92 and for 2023 was 6.90.
In mathematics the performance is average and a slightly improvement every year. Generally all
subjects their is a great improvement since 2012 until now students are doing good work as well
as their teachers starting from the school principal Mr Elijah Maeri and the deputy principal
Madam Beatrice Rambui

1:2. Justification of the project.

This project is the right choice because of various reasons which includes; the project is
fabricated because it has already been planned for in the teachers’ schemes of work, hence the
need of preparing a teaching aid for the same. This increases the capacity of learners
understanding in the topic Volume of solids. The project will assist the students to have to search
for knowledge in the relevant field. The project will intend to turn the Mathematics subject into a
more realistic easily visualized subject through its presentation in class when handling the topic
created a sense of positive attitude towards the subject. The model will be created because the
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materials for construction of the project are readily available in the school compound and within
the school environment. The student’s teacher will make it pressing on explicating about volume
and volume of solids as there was greater need for students and citizens at large to be enlighten
about the effects of shapes on volume since they used to buy and make solids shapes for use in
daily life, through these learners had light shed to them for future. Through the project, the
student teacher had an upper hand in civilizing future citizens and leaders in the nation of Kenya.

1:3 Objectives of the project.

The objectives of this project are

By the end of the period the learners will be able to: -

i. Construct different shapes a triangular prism, a square based pyramid, and a cone.

ii. Note the effects of shapes of solids on volume and the materials used.

iii. Explain the popularity of cone to other shapes.

iv. Note the importance of shapes of solids on volume.

v. Improve learners keenest and creativity.

vi. Appreciate Mathematics as a subject, that is necessary both in career development and
also in creative skills maturing through modelling.

vii. The models will enhance students to have passion towards the studying of mathematics
as they will tend to see it as more practical subject.

1.4. Project problem identification.

A cross examination in examination papers previously done in the school reveal poor
performance on questions based on this topic. This is due to lack of understanding of concepts of
the topic which might have resulted from cramming instead of conceptualizing. Also the school
does not have any model on this topic, and this may also result to poor performance in this
critical topic that never misses in national examinations.

1.5 Significance of the project

The project will aid a lot in teaching of Mathematics in St Peters keberesi high school as a
teaching aid mainly in volume of solids.

i. It will easily be understood as the learners used it for revision purposes without the
intervention of the teacher.

ii. It brought a realistic view of understanding.

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iii. This project model will help not only form one students but to the other forms.

iv. It provided a quick revision opportunity to members of other classes and helped in
facilitation of understanding to students of form one.

v. It also benefited the school as it did not require purchasing of any other models nor chats
on the topic, thus saving some costs.

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CHAPTER TWO:

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 INTRODUCTION
Theoretical approach and three dimensional representation of Net of solids (on the board) have,
in the recent past dominated the teaching of this topic, Nets of solids. Students study using the
three dimensional representation of Volume of solids, hence some of them do not understand
how to calculate the Surface area of Solids, and volume of Solids of different shapes through
calculating the different length of the solids. It will therefore be necessary to introduce a new
teaching approach to this topic i.e. by developing a teaching aid. This will facilitate the
understanding of learners apart from being an attention grabber during the lesson. (One of the
important aspect of teaching). According to Brunner Jerome, to enhance the learning process,
teachers should use activities, pictorial and visual aids (models) to represent concepts since
learners learn by creating images of the concepts presented by the teacher.

2.2. Teaching and learning science.

Science subject especially mathematics are feared by many students and also students’ parents.
This may probably be due to the approaches their teachers used in teaching these critical
subjects. Most teachers do not embrace learner involvement and also less or completely non
practical activities are accompanied by their theoretically approaches. This makes learners not to
understand concepts well and as a result end up having negative attitude towards these subjects.
Teaching and learning of science especially mathematics has had difficulties surrounding it.
These difficulties can be addressed by introducing a new teaching and learning approach. These
difficulties include: There has been less practical approach towards the teaching and learning of
science subjects. Mostly, teachers have using theoretically approach in teaching instead of using
two and three dimensional models. Most learners have negative attitude towards science subjects
as they perceive them to be difficult and unattractive. As a result, most of them end up
performing poorly in science subjects. Also most students tend to employ cramming techniques
in an effort to pass in science subjects. Contrary to this, science subjects are supposed to be
understood instead of being crammed. The time allocated for science subjects is not enough as
they require explanations which take a lot of time. Teaching models and charts can be used to
help save the time required for theoretically explanations

THE PROJECT THAT HAVE BEEN DONE IN THE SCHOOL PREVIOUSLY INCLUDE

The Period table in chemistry

Models of series and parallel simple circuits of bulbs

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LIST OF POSSIBLE PROJECTS

Models of sodium, chlorine atoms and sodium chloride as a compound

Construction of a school museum for history students

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CHAPTER THREE

PROJECT DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY.

3.1. INTRODUCTION
The chapter entails project description where details of the project have been captured and linked
to the theory. It also describes the materials to be used and their costs. The drawing/sketch of the
project item are included in the project design. The methods followed during projects fabrication
are also included under this chapter. This chapter also feature the uses of the project item and its,
sustainability, where some features which enhances durability of the project has been explained.

3.2. Project description.

According to book one and two course book for secondary school education. We realize that
volume is the amount of space occupied by a solid object. In my research I realized that conical
solids tend to take more volumes than the triangular-based prism and the square-based pyramid
and are Solids made from the same materials. I therefore tend to prove and encourage the
manufacturers to construct more cones containers to be economical in the rapid growing
economy. Also mathematically speaking, for a fixed volume, rounder shapes generally have a
smaller surface area compared to the triangular-based prism and the square-based pyramid.
Therefore, to obtain a larger container of maximum volume with less material is needed in cone
than triangular-based prism and the square-based pyramid. Cones are great at handling both
internal and external pressure. This is due to the curved surface area which leads to uniform
supply of the internal and external pressure. Unlike the other shapes that have got a lot of joints.
Easy at painting or wrapping with a cover due to lack of corners that are in the cubes and
cuboids.

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3.3 Project materials.

The following materials will be used in the construction of the project item and their costs.
ITEM Cost

15Manila papers Sh.300

5 Cartons Sh.250

Cellotape Sh.50

Pair of scissors Sh. 60

Wire and Sh.1100

welding services
(6)

Totals Sh. 1760

3.4 Project design and procedure.

PROCEDURE

Process for triangular prism construction.

Step 1.

Measure a rectangular piece of Manila paper 79.01cm by 51.3cm and label PQTS
P S

Manila paper 51.3 cm

T
Q
79.1 cm

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Step 2

Draw one triangular face PQR and another triangular face STV.

Net of a triangular prism.

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The net shows that the prism has 2 triangular faces and 3 rectangular faces.

PROCEDURE

Procedure for a square-based pyramid construction

Step 1

Draw the square base PQRS of 40cm by 40cm.

40CM

PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

40444444

Step 2

Draw the diagonals PR and SQ to meet at O.

Mark the vertex V.

Draw OV the perpendicular height.

Step 3

Draw the edges VP, VQ, VR and [Link] is the pyramid.

R
S
--
-- O
---
--
---
P ---
Q

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The net shows that the pyramid has a square based and four triangular faces.

PROCEDURE

Procedure for construction of a cone

Step 1

Make a paper disk, you can use a compass, or trace a round object such as a lid or container.

Step 2 and 3.

Draw a triangle wedge. Use the template to cut out two sides from the circle to make your
wedge. To draw the wedge, make a mark in the center of the disk. Cut the triangle wedge out of
the circle using a scissors or a precision knife to cut out your wedge as straight as possible.

Step 4.

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Bring the cut sides of your disk together by bringing one cut end of your disk over to the other in
a cone shape.

Step 5.

Tape the inside of the cone closed.

Now you have the cone as shown.

Calculations of the surface area and volumes.

(No use of calculators only mathematical table used)

Number Standard form Log

79.1 7.91*10 1.8982

51.3 5.13*10 1.7101+

4058 4.058*1000 3.6083

A=L*W

= (79.1*51.3)cm2 =4058cm2.

Material used 2(45*51.3)

Number Standard form Log

45 4.5*10 1.6532

51.3 5.13*10 1.7101+

2308.5 2.3085*1000 3.3632

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=2308.5 cm2

A=5*5

A= (40*40)

Number Standard form Log

40 4*10 1.6021

40 4*10 1.6021

1600 1.6*1000 3.2041

=1600cm2

A=40cm *50cm

Number Standard form Log

40 4*10 1.6021

50 5*10 1.69897

2000 2*1000 3.30103

=2000cm2

Number Standard form Log

50 5*10 1.69897

50 5*10 1.69897

2500 2.5*1000 3.39794

=2500cm2

Total material used 8408.5cm2

Volume-Surface Area Ratio Analysis

Solids S.A(cm2) VOLUME [Link](cm2)

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(cm3)

Triangular- 1530cm2 3315cm3 2528cm2

based prism

Square-based 3544cm2 15460cm3 514cm2

pyramid

Cone 2369.98cm2 6750cm3 1688cm2

Surface Area

Triangular prism. 1530/3375

Square-based pyramid. 3544/15460

Cone. 2369.8/6750.

3.5 Project utilization.

The project will assist in teaching Mathematics subject form one, two and revision for form three
in teaching and form four under the topic Volume of solids and 3.D geometry in respect with
rules regarding use of media in the learning process. The project created a visual understanding
of the volume of solids. During calculations the form two students will be able to review the use
of mathematical table in calculations since calculators are not used by the form two students in
mathematical operations such as division and multiplication. In general, the project will be very
much beneficial to both the student teacher and the students of St. Peters keberesi high school.

3.6 Project sustainability.

The sustainability of this project will be enhanced by the following ways;

The project will be sustained by training the department of mathematics, all teachers of
mathematics and students of [Link] keberesi high school.

A sample of the project proposal will be left behind.

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REFERENCES
Ministry of education, KLB secondary School mathematics student book 1; 4th edition, Nairobi-
Kenya, KLB.

Ministry of education 2017, secondary mathematics form one student book 4th edition, Nairobi-
Kenya, KLB

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APPENDICES

Appendix 1. proposed calendar of events.

week Description of activities responsibility

1 Student teacher and students report to school School administration

and student teacher

2 Inquire about the school needs in subject combination of the Student teacher
student teacher on discovery of the topic of interest in the
school Learners
H.O.D mathematics
[science]
3 Writing project report. Student teacher

Purchase of the required materials [ those not within the School principal
school] and assembling materials. Student teacher
5-7 Project construction Learners

Construction of the triangular base prism, squire base prism Student teacher
and cone.
9-11 Implementation of the project Student teacher and
learners

12-13 Supervision of the project Supervisor and

student teacher

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Appendix 2: Proposed Budget

The following items will be budgeted for during the fabrication of the models of Volume of
solids.

S/NO ITEM QUANTITY COST OF AMOUNT

EACH

1 EQUIPMENT AND
MATERIALS

(1) Wires
2(R6) 2*500 1000
(2) Welding services
3 300 900
(3) Carton
10 5 50

2 STATIONERY AND OFFICE

SUPPLIES.

(1) Office cellotape.

1 50 50
(2) Pair of scissors
1 60 60

3 MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES.

(1) Typing and printing of the

project
100
(2) Binding of the project.

Transport
...... 50

100

4 TOTAL 2310

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Appendix 3: Sketch/Drawing of the proposal project.

R V

S
P

Q T

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