STATS 13 Onyambu S.
Homework Five Spring – 2025
General Notes
• All chapter and exercise numbers refer to the textbook Introduction to Statistical Investigations by
Tintle, Chance, Cobb. You do not need to write the questions in your homework.
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• The questions are structured as (2nd Edition question number | 1st Edition question number).
1
STATS 13 Onyambu S. Homework Five Spring – 2025
Question One (25 pts)
You are given two independent samples and are interested in comparing the proportions from each group. Answer the following
questions using symbols only.
a. What is the parameter of interest? (2 pts)
b. State the null and alternative hypotheses. (2 pts)
c. What is the observed statistic that estimates the parameter of interest? (2 pts)
d. What is the mean and standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the observed statistic? (4 pts)
e. What is the standard error of the sampling distribution of the observed statistic? (2 pts)
f. Does this standard error change under the null hypothesis? If yes, compute the standard error under the null hypothesis.(3
pts)
g. Which standard deviation or standard error is used to compute the standardized test statistic? (Write its formula) (2
pts)
h. Write the formula for the standardized test statistic. (2 pts)
i. Which standard deviation or standard error is used to compute a confidence interval? (Write its formula) (2 pts)
j. What is the center of the confidence interval?(2 pts)
k. Write the formula for the confidence interval.(2 pts)
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STATS 13 Onyambu S. Homework Five Spring – 2025
Question Two (20 pts)
A Pew Research study in April and May of 2013 asked 653 single American adults of whom 289 were women, whether they
have ever broken up with someone by e-mail, text, or online message. Out of the 107 who had broken up with someone by
digital means 55 were male.
a. Generate a 2 × 2 Contingency table for the above. Ensure to put the explanatory variable as the columns and the
response variable as the rows (4 pts)
b. Notice that there are more males than females who have broken up with someone by digital means. In one sentence
explain why this comparison is not very useful. (2 pts)
c. Suggest a better comparison for investigating whether men or women are more likely to break up with someone by digital
means. (2 pts)
d. How many times are the females more likely to break up with someone by digital means compared to males? (2 pts)
e. At 𝛼 = 0.1, does the data suggest that one of the sexes is more likely to break up with someone by digital means? Do
not forget to include the hypotheses. (6 pts)
f. Compute a 93% confidence interval for the comparison method suggested in part b. (4 pts)
Question 3 (30 pts)
You are given two independent samples and are interested in comparing the means from each group. Answer the following
questions using symbols only.
a. What is the parameter of interest? (2 pts)
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STATS 13 Onyambu S. Homework Five Spring – 2025
b. State the null and alternative hypotheses. (2 pts)
c. What is the observed statistic that estimates the parameter of interest? (2 pts)
d. What is the mean and standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the observed statistic? (4 pts)
e. What is the standard error of the sampling distribution of the observed statistic? (2 pts)
f. How will the standard error change if we were to assume that the variances from each population are equal? (3 pts)
g. Which standard deviation or standard error is used to compute the standardized test statistic? Explain each instance.
(4 pts)
h. Write the standardized test statistic(s). Indicate when each is used. (4 pts)
i. What are the degrees of freedom for the standardized statistics in part g above? (4 pts)
j. What is the center of the confidence interval? (1 pts)
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STATS 13 Onyambu S. Homework Five Spring – 2025
k. Write the formula for the confidence interval assuming the standard deviations are equal. (2 pts)
Question 4 (25 pts)
Left-right confusion (LRC) is the term used to describe the difficulty of distinguishing between left and right. In a study related
to LRC, researchers Ocklenburg et al. (2011) gave a mental rotation test (MRT) to 91 neurologically healthy men and women.
The MRT involved picking two images that were rotated versions of a target figure from a list of fives images. Each correct
answer led to one point. Here are the summary statistics on the scores for the men and women. Note that the data within each
group is not strongly skewed.
Sample size Sample average Sample SD
Men 41 14.10 3.78
Women 50 9.56 3.97
a. Assuming equal variance analyze the data to determine whether men differ from women with respect to the long-run
average MRT score. Use a theory-based approach. Be sure to include the appropriate hypotheses as well as numerical
evidence in support of your decision with regard to the hypotheses. (12 pts)
b. Find and interpret a 95% confidence interval.(5 pts)
c. Include comments about causation and generalization. (4 pts)
d. Comment on adherence to validity conditions for use of the theory-based methods. (4 pts)