Advantages of Parallel Connections
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amanjgdAdvantages of Parallel Connections
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Powered by AITotal energy for bulbs: 3 bulbs × 100 W × 5 hours/day × 31 days = 46,500 Wh = 46.5 kWh. For fans: 2 fans × 50 W × 10 hours/day × 31 days = 31,000 Wh = 31 kWh. For heater: 1,000 W × 0.5 hours/day × 31 days = 15,500 Wh = 15.5 kWh. Total energy consumed = 93 kWh. Total cost = 93 kWh × Rs 3.60 = Rs 334.80 .
To achieve minimum power consumption, two resistors should be connected in series. This configuration increases the total resistance, thereby reducing the current drawn from the power source according to Ohm's law (I = V/R), thus minimizing the power consumption (P = I^2R).
The new fuse wire should be of a larger radius. The melting of the fuse wire depends on the heat produced, which is related to the current and the wire's cross-sectional area. Larger radius gives a greater cross-sectional area, reducing the resistive heating for a higher allowable current, thereby allowing it to carry more current before melting .
In a series configuration, the power usage is P = I^2R, where the current I is smaller due to higher total resistance. In a parallel configuration, the power is higher for the same voltage source as P = V^2/R, where V is constant and independent of other resistors. Thus, in parallel, the 2 Ω resistor consumes more power compared to in series .
Tungsten is used for making the filaments of incandescent lamps because it has a high melting point and can withstand high temperatures without melting, thus ensuring durability and efficient light production. Two devices that operate based on the heating effect of electric current are electric irons and toasters, which convert electrical energy into heat to perform their functions .
The power P = voltage × current = 5 V × 0.5 A = 2.5 W. The energy consumed in 2.5 hours is E = 2.5 W × 2.5 h = 6.25 Wh. The resistance R is given by R = V/I = 5/0.5 = 10 Ω .
Reducing the resistance to half results in the heating effect becoming four times greater, given that the heat produced (H) in a resistor is proportional to the square of the current (I) and the resistance (R), as per Joule’s law of heating, H = I^2 * R. Since other parameters remain unchanged, if resistance is halved (R becomes R/2) and considering power P = V^2/R, the current will increase, thus resulting in an increased heating effect of four times .
Using R = ρL/A, the length L can be calculated as L = RA/ρ, where A = π(d/2)^2. For a diameter of 0.5 mm, the area A = π(0.25^2) mm^2. Solving gives L = (100 Ω)(π(0.25^2) mm^2) / (1.6 × 10^-8 Ω m) = 49.42 m. Doubling the diameter decreases the resistance by a factor of four, since resistance is inversely proportional to the square of the diameter (R ∝ 1/d^2).
When bulbs are connected in series, the current through each component of the circuit remains the same. Thus, the current through the 40 W bulb will also be 1 A, regardless of the power ratings of the individual bulbs .
When connected in parallel to a 220 V supply, the current drawn by the 100 W bulb is 100/220 = 0.455 A, and by the 60 W bulb is 60/220 = 0.273 A. Therefore, the total current drawn by both bulbs is 0.455 A + 0.273 A = 0.728 A .