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Understanding Solutions: Solutes and Solvents

The document classifies matter, specifically solutions, into various types based on solvent phase (liquid, solid, gas) and saturation (unsaturated, saturated, supersaturated). It explains the components of a solution, including solutes and solvents, and factors affecting solubility such as agitation, solvent type, particle size, pressure, and temperature. Additionally, it highlights the concept of concentration in solutions, distinguishing between dilute and concentrated solutions.

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joshuadiolanto
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17 views20 pages

Understanding Solutions: Solutes and Solvents

The document classifies matter, specifically solutions, into various types based on solvent phase (liquid, solid, gas) and saturation (unsaturated, saturated, supersaturated). It explains the components of a solution, including solutes and solvents, and factors affecting solubility such as agitation, solvent type, particle size, pressure, and temperature. Additionally, it highlights the concept of concentration in solutions, distinguishing between dilute and concentrated solutions.

Uploaded by

joshuadiolanto
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

SESSION 3.

9
CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER
SOLUTION
• a mixture of two or more substances that is
identical throughout (homogeneous)
• composed of solutes and solvents

the substance
being dissolved the substance that dissolves the solute

Iced Tea Mix Iced Tea Water


(solute) (solution) (solvent)
SOLUTION
The solvent is the largest part of the solution and
the solute is the smallest part of the solution
CLASSIFICATION OF SOLUTIONS:

ophase of the solvent


osaturation
oconcentration
TYPES OF THE SOLUTION BASED ON THE
SOLVENT PHASE:

LIQUID SOLUTIONS
❖liquid solvent

PHASE
SOLUTE SOLVENT EXAMPLES
SOLUTION
SOLID brine (salt water)
rubbing alcohol
LIQUID LIQUID LIQUID
(ethanol in water)
GAS carbonated drinks
TYPES OF THE SOLUTION BASED ON THE
SOLVENT PHASE:

SOLID SOLUTIONS
❖solid solvent
PHASE
SOLUTE SOLVENT EXAMPLES
SOLUTION
SOLID brass (zinc in copper)
LIQUID amalgam (mercury in gold)
SOLID SOLID
hydrogen gas in palladium
GAS
metal
TYPES OF THE SOLUTION BASED ON THE
SOLVENT PHASE:

GASEOUS SOLUTIONS
❖gas solvent
PHASE
SOLUTE SOLVENT EXAMPLES
SOLUTION
SOLID camphor in nitrogen gas
LIQUID GAS GAS water vapor in the air
GAS air
TYPES OF SOLUTION BASED ON
SATURATION:

obased on the amount of solute dissolved in


a given amount of solvent at a specific
temperature

osolubility at a specific temperature must


be considered
SOLUBILITY
• the amount of solute that dissolves
in a certain amount of a solvent at a
given temperature and pressure to
produce a saturated solution
TYPES OF SOLUTION BASED ON SATURATION:

1. UNSATURATED SOLUTION
→ amount of solute is less than the solute’s solubility
→ can dissolve additional solute
TYPES OF SOLUTION BASED ON SATURATION:

2. SATURATED SOLUTION
→ amount of solute is equal to solute’s solubility
→ maximum amount of solute is dissolved
→ can no longer dissolve additional solutes
Unsaturated Saturated
❖ can dissolve more ❖ cannot dissolve more
solute solute
❖ all solute is dissolved ❖ all solute is dissolved
TYPES OF SOLUTION BASED ON SATURATION:

3. SUPERSATURATED SOLUTION
→ amount of solute is greater than the solute’s solubility

• no precipitate formed
TYPES OF SOLUTION BASED ON CONCENTRATION:

• the amount of solute dissolved in a solvent


at a given temperature

•described as dilute if it has


a low concentration of solute
dissolved

•described as concentrated
if it has a high concentration
of solute dissolved
1. AGITATION
oshaking causes the solute to
dissolve faster

2. TYPE OF SOLVENT
o “like dissolves like”

Water is polar while oil is


nonpolar. They are immiscible.
3. PARTICLE SIZE
o smaller particles
dissolve faster
because they have
larger surface area
4. PRESSURE
oas pressure increases, solubility increases
5. TEMPERATURE
oas temperature increases, solubility
increases;
oEXCEPT in gases
➢more heat, less gas dissolves

Fishkill in Lake Sebu

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