2 Ratio and Proportion

Introduction Salman and Aamir is 10:7. What is the ratio of

the Salary of Shahrukh, Salman, and Aamir?
Ratio and proportion is not only important
for quantitative aptitude but also for data in- Solution: 6:10:7
terpretation. Almost all topics in arithmetic The salary of Shahrukh : the salary of Salman
(percentages, profit and loss, averages, mix- = 3:5 or 6:10
tures, time and work, and time, speed, and
distance, simple and compound interest, The salary of Salman : the salary of Aamir
etc.) require the conceptual understanding = 10:7
of ratios. Also, it is one of the easiest topics Since, the salary of Salman is same in both
to understand in quantitative aptitude. cases. The ratio of the salaries of Shahrukh,
Salman, and Aamir is 6:10:7.
Ratio
Example 2:
Simply, a ratio compares two similar quan- Given that A:B = 2:3, B:C = 4:3, C:D = 1:2 and
tities in terms of magnitude. The sign used D:E = 3:5. Find A:B:C:D:E.
to denote a ratio is ‘:’. If the values of two
quantities A and B are 20 and 30, respec- Solution: 8:12:9:18:30
tively, then we can say that they are in the Here, our objective will be to make the com-
ratio of 2:3 (read as 2 is to 3 or 2 ratio 3). mon variables same. So, first we will try to
Combining Ratios make B value same in both the ratios A:B and
B:C, then we will make C value same in both
Whenever we want to combine ratio, the ob- the ratios B:C and C:D, and then finally we
jective is to make the value of the common will make D value same in both the ratios
variable same in both the ratios. Here, in the C:D and D:E.
case given below, you can see that the var-
iable Q is common in both the ratios, so we A:B 2:3 or (2 × 4:3 × 4) or 8:12
will make the value of Q same in both the B:C 4:3 or (4 × 3:3 × 3) or 12:9
ratios by multiplying the first ratio by ‘x’ and C:D 1:2 or (9 × 1:9 × 2) or 9:18
the second ratio by ‘b’.
D:E 3:5 or (3 × 6:5 × 6) or 18:30
Let P:Q = a:b or ax:bx (x is the common ratio)
Thus, A:B:C:D:E = 8:12:9:18:30.
and Q:R = x:y or bx:by (b is the common ratio)
Two Ways to Solve Problems Based on Ratios
(Multiplying both elements of the ratio by
For example, a student’s marks in Physics,
the same number does not alter the ratio.)
Chemistry, and Mathematics are in the ratio
Then P:Q:R ax:bx:by of 7:8:9 and his total marks in these three
Graphically, we represent it with the help of subjects are 480. Find his marks in Physics,
an inverted ‘N’ Chemistry, and Mathematics.
Method 1
We can say that marks in Physics, Chemistry,
and Mathematics are seven parts, eight parts
and nine parts, respectively. Therefore, total
Example 1: parts will be = 7 + 8 + 9 = 24 parts.
The ratio of the salary of Shahrukh and Marks in Physics = (7/24) × 480 = 140
Salman is 3:5, and the ratio of the salary of

Ratio and Proportion 35

 Marks in Chemistry = (8/24) × 480 = 160 Step 2: Find the least common multiple LCM
Marks in Mathematics = (9/24) × 480 = 180 of the denominators of given ratios.

Method 2 Step 3: Make the denominators of the given

fractions equal to the value of LCM.
This method is very important and we will
be using this method in solving most of the Step 4: After getting the same denominator
ratio-based questions. for the given fractions, compare the numer-
ators and decide which fraction is greater.
Here, we can assume that students’ marks
in Physics, Chemistry, and Mathematics are The fraction which has a larger numerator is
7K, 8K, and 9K, respectively. greater in value.

Total marks = 7K + 8K + 9K = 24K Example 4:

Given total marks = 24K = 480, which means Compare 2:3 and 4:7.
K = 20. Solution: 2:3 > 4:7
Marks in Physics = 7K = 7 × 20 = 140 Write the given ratio as a fraction.
Marks in Chemistry = 8K = 8 × 20 = 160 2 4
2:3 = 4:7 =
3 7
Marks in Mathematics = 9K = 9 × 20 = 180
The LCM of the denominators (3, 7) is 21.
Comparison of Ratios Make the fraction’s denominator equal to 21
using a multiplier (7, 3).
Comparison of ratios is useful for quantita-
tive aptitude and data interpretation. Some 2 2 " 7 14
! !
of the useful methods to compare ratios are 3 3 " 7 21
discussed further. 4 4 " 3 12
! !
Cross Multiplication Method 7 7 " 3 21
In this method, we have to multiply the nu- Here, 14 > 12
merator of the first fraction with the de- So, 2:3 is greater than 4:7.
nominator of the second fraction and the
denominator of the first fraction with the Standard Results on Ratio
numerator of the second fraction.
1. The ratio value does not change when
Example 3: both the numerator and the denomina-
9 11 tor are multiplied or divided by the same
Compare and non-zero quantities.
13 17
Solution: P P " x P "a
i.e., ! ! etc.
Q Q" x Q"a
P P /x P /a
= =
Q Q/x Q/a
a
Since 153 is greater than 143, 2. If = original ratio,
b
"9 11 % a2 a
$ ! ' then 2 = Duplicate ratio of
# 13 17 & b b
Denominator Comparison a3 a
= Triplicate ratio of
The following steps are involved in this b 3
b
method. a a
Step 1: Write the given ratios as a fraction. = Sub duplicate ratio of
b b

36 Ratio and Proportion

 3
a !a$ Standard Results on Proportion
= Sub triplicate ratio of # &
a bc e g
3
"b% a b
6. If = = = = ...............K , then 1. If = , then a, b, and c are in contin-
b d f h b c
ued proportion. So, b2 = ac.
a ! c ! e ! g ! ...............
"K Here, b is known as the mean proportion.
b ! d ! f ! h ! ...............
a b c
(Only if b + d + f + h + ----- ≠ 0) Similarly, if b = c = d then a, b, c, and d
3 6 9 3"6"9 18 are in continued proportion.
For example, ! ! ! !
5 10 15 5 " 10 " 15 30
Example 5: 2. If a = c then,
b d
The salaries of Ravi and Kuber are in the ratio b d
a) = (Invertendo)
of 5:7. The sum of their salaries is ₹36,000. a c
Find the salary of Kuber.
a b
Solution: ₹21,000 b) = (Alternendo)
c d
Here, the ratio of their salaries is 5:7. a !b c !d
c) " (Componendo)
7 b d
Kuber’s salary is th of the total salary,
12 a !b c !d
d) " (Dividendo)
7 b d
Kuber’s salary = × 36 ,000 = ₹21,000.
12 a !b c !d
Example 6: e) # (Componendo and
a "b c "d
What number shall be added to each term dividendo)
of the ratio of 5:8, so that it becomes equal
Example 7:
to 19:22?
If 4, K, K, 9 are in proportion, find K.
Solution: 19:22
Let x be the number to be added to each Solution: ±6
5 ! x 19
term of the ratio. Then we have, "
8 ! x 22
⇒ 110 + 22x = 152 + 19x
∴ x = 14
So, 14 has to be added to each term to make
it = 19:22.
K×K=4×9
Proportion
K2 = 36
If a = c or a:b = c:d, then we can say that a, K = ±6
b d
b, c, and d are in proportion and written as Example 8:
a:b :: c:d. What is the least possible natural number
Here, a and d are called extreme terms and which must be subtracted from 11, 14, and 18
(a × d) is called the product of extremes, b so that the resulting numbers are in contin-
and c are called ‘mean (middle) terms’, and ued proportion?
(b × c) is called the product of means. Solution: 2
Therefore, we can say, product of ex- Let the number be k, then (11 − k), (14 − k)
tremes = product of means. and (18 − k) are in continued proportion, i.e.,
(11 − k):(14 − k) : : (14 − k):(18 − k).

Ratio and Proportion 37

 Product of extremes = product of means. to do the work decrease. Conversely, as the
(11 − k) × (18 − k) = (14 − k) × (14 − k). number of women decreases, the time taken
to do the work increase.
Solving the above equation, we get k = 2.
Joint Variation
Variation
A quantity A varies directly with the product
If two or more quantities change each other of two variables, B and C.
according to a mathematical relation or con-
dition, then they are said to be in variation. A ∝ (B × C)

For example, if the number of persons in- A = K (B × C), where K is a proportionality

creases, then their time to complete a cer- constant.
tain work decreases. Example 9:
There are two types of variation: If x varies directly to y2 and x = 16 when y = 2,
1. Direct variation find x when y = 6.

2. Inverse variation Solution: 144

Here, x ∝ y2 ⇒ x = Ky2, where K is constant
Direct Variation Since, x = 16, when y = 2
A quantity A is said to vary directly with B, if 16 = K (2)2
both increase or decrease simultaneously by ⇒K = 4
the same magnitude. It is expressed as A ∝ B.
When y = 6
This means A is directly proportional to B. It
is expressed as A ∝ B ⇒ A = KB. x = Ky2 = (4) × 62

Where K is called the proportionality constant. ⇒ x = 144

When two quantities A and B vary directly Example 10:

A Variable A varies inversely with B. If B = 2,
with each other, then = K (where K is the
B then A = 4. Find A when B = 8.
constant).
Solution: 1
For example, when a vehicle’s speed is dou- 1 K
Here, A ! "A#
bled, then the total distance covered by the B B
vehicle will also be twice for a constant time Since, A = 4, when B = 2
period.
K
4=
Inverse Variation 2
K=8
Two quantities are in inverse variation, when
one quantity increases, and the other quan- When, B = 8
tity decreases. K 8
1 K A= = =1
It is expressed as A ! " A # B 8
B B
Example 11:
where K is called proportionality constant.
Variable A varies directly with the product of
When two quantities A and B vary inversely
B and C. A = 16 when B = 2 and C = 4. Find A
with each other, then product of A and B is
when B = 4 and C = 6.
constant.
Solution: 48
For example, if the number of women doing
a certain work increase, then the time taken Here, A ∝ (B × C)

38 Ratio and Proportion

So, A = K (B × C) Find the share of A, out of the annual profit
where K is a proportionality constant. of ₹33,000.

Since, A = 16 when B = 2 and C = 4 Solution: 15,000

16 = K (2 × 4) Ratio of share of A and B

⇒K = 2 5,000:6,000 = 5:6
5
When B = 4 and C = 6 Share of A = × 33 ,000 ⇒ ₹15,000
11
then, A = K (B × C) = 2 (4 × 6)
Example 13:
⇒ A = 48
A and B started a business by invest-
ing the same capital. At the end of
Application of Ratio, Proportion, and
the year, they shared the profit in the ratio
Variation
of 4:3. If A invested his capital for the whole
Partnership year, for how many months did B invest his
A partnership is a formal agreement between capital?
two or more parties to manage and operate Solution: 9
a business and to share its profit. There are We know that when partners invest the same
two types of partners in a business: amount for a different time, the profits are
1. Sleeping partner or silent partner: A shared in the ratio of their respective time
partner who just invests his/her money period of investment.
and is not involved in the day-to-day op- The ratio of the share of A and B = 4:3.
eration of the business.
A invested his capital for 12 months.
2. Working partner: A partner who invests
According to the ratio, A invested the money
his/her money and is also involved in the
for 4K months, 4K = 12 or K = 3.
business’s day-to-day operations.
B invested his capital for 3K months,
Rules of Partnership
3K = 3 × 3 = 9 months.
1. When partners invest the same amount
Example 14:
for a different time period, then the
profits are shared in the ratio of their The ratio of the present ages of Ravi and
respective time period of investment. Kavi is 15:8. Three years ago, the ratio of their
ages was 2:1. Find the present age (in years)
2. When partners invest different amounts
of Ravi.
for the same time, then the profits are
shared in the ratio of their respective Solution: 45
investments. Let the present age of Ravi and Kavi be 15
3. When partners invest different amounts years and 8 years, respectively.
for different times, profits are shared in 3 years ago, their ages were (15x − 3) and
the ratio of the product of investment (8x − 3).
and the time period of investment. 15x-3 2
So, =
(Profit’s share = investment × time). 8x-3 1
Example 12: ⇒ 15x − 3 = 16x − 6
A and B started a business by investing an ∴ x=3
amount of ₹5,000 and ₹6,000, respectively. Present age of Ravi = 15x = 15 × 3 = 45 years.

Ratio and Proportion 39

 Alternately: Solution: Cannot be determined
Let’s understand the question with the help
of two cases.
Case 1:
Income Expenses Savings
Bulbul 3 1 2
Chulbul 5 3 2
In this case, savings of both of them are
equal.
We know that difference between the ages Case 2:
of two people remains constant.
Income Expenses Savings
Bulbul 300 150 150
Chulbul 500 450 50
In this case, Bulbul saves more than Chulbul.
Case 3:
Present age of Ravi = 15 unit = 15 × 3 = 45 Income Expenses Savings
years.
Bulbul 300 1 299
Example 15:
Chulbul 500 3 497
The ratio of Ajeet’s present age and his
mother’s present age is 11:18. The difference In this case, Chulbul saves more than Bulbul.
in their age is 14 years. The ratio of their ages Hence, we cannot determine who is saving
6 years from now will be. more.
Solution: 2:3 Example 17:
Let their ages be 11x and 18x. The income of A and B are in the ratio of 4:5.
18x − 11x = 14 If the expenditure of both of them is ₹35,000
each, then the ratio of savings of A and B is
7x = 14 1:3. Find the respective income (in ₹) of A
∴ x=2 and B.
So, their present ages are 22 years and 36 Solution: ₹40,000 and ₹50,000
years. Let the income of A and B is 4x and 5x,
Their ages after 6 years will be 28 years and respectively.
42 years, respectively. The ratio of the ages We know that savings = Income − Expenses
of Ajeet and his mother after 6 years will be
Savings of A = 4x − 35,000
28:42 = 2:3
Savings of B = 5x − 35,000
Incomes, Expenses, and Savings The ratio of their savings is 1:3.
Example 16: 4 x ! 35 ,000 1
"
5 x ! 35 ,000 3
Who among Chulbul and Bulbul saves more
⇒ 12x − 1,05,000 = 5x − 35,000
money if the ratio of their incomes and their
expenses are 3:5 and 1:3, respectively? 7x = ₹70,000
x = ₹10,000

40 Ratio and Proportion

 Income of A = 4x = 4 × 10,000 = ₹40,000.
Income of B = 5x = 5 × 10,000 = ₹50,000.

Denomination of Coins
The denomination is a proper description of
a currency amount for coins and banknotes.
In any currency, there is a main unit and a
sub unit; that is a fraction of the main unit.
In our country, rupees is the main unit and
paisa is the sub unit.
1₹ = 100 paisa.
Example 18:
A bag contains two types of coins, ₹1 coins
and 50 paisa coins. If the total value of each
kind of coins is the same, what is the total
amount (in ₹) in the bag? (It is known the
total number of coins is 153.)
Solution: 102
Here, it is given that the total value of the
coins of each type is the same. This means
if the value of ₹ 1 coins is ‘x’, the value of 50
paise coins will also be ‘x’.
So, number of ₹1 coins = x
Number of 50 paisa coins = 2x
Total number of coins = 153
x + 2x = 153
3x = 153
x = 51
Total amount in the bag is = 2x = 2 × 51 = 102.

Ratio and Proportion 41

 Practice Exercise – 1

Level of Difficulty – 1 ratio of the total income of P and Q to

the total expenditure of P and Q?
4
1. P and Q together have ₹1,210. If of
15 9. During Navratri, every devotee offers
2
P’s amount is equal to of Q’s amount, fruits to the orphans. Every orphan re-
5
how much amount (in ₹) does Q have? ceived bananas, oranges, and mangoes
in the ratio of 3:2:7. The weight of a man-
2. Two quantities are, respectively, 30% and go is 24 g and the weight of a banana
60% more than a third quantity. What is and an orange are in the ratio of 4:5 and
their ratio? the weight of an orange is 150 g. Find the
ratio of all the three fruits in terms of
3. The ratio of dogs and cats in a house is weight that an orphan gets.
3:2 and ratio of cats and birds in a house
is 4:5. Find the ratio of dogs, cats, and 10. ₹4,199 was intended to be divided among
birds in the same house. P, Q, R, and S in the ratio of 2:3:5:7, re-
spectively. By mistake, the money got di-
4. ₹3,105 is to be divided among P, Q, and R vided in the reciprocal of the intended
2 3 1 ratio. Find the gain of P (in ₹) due to this
in the ratio of : : , respectively. How
3 4 2 mistake.
much amount (in ₹) will Q get? (A) 1,235
5. Find the compounded ratio of (2:3), (5:11), (B) 741
and (11:2). (C) 1,291
(D) None of the above.
Level of Difficulty – 2
Level of Difficulty – 3
6. The value of a diamond varies directly
11. Let A, B, C, D, and E be positive in-
with the square of its weight. A diamond
2 3 5
broke into three pieces whose weights tegers such that A = B = C and
3 4 6
were in the ratio of 32:24:9. The loss 7 9 11
B= D = E . Find the minimum val-
caused due to the breakage was ₹25.44 8 10 12
lakhs. Find the initial value (in ₹) of the ue of A + B + C + D + E.
diamond.
12. The number of mangoes in three con-
7. Raghav distributed a certain amount tainers is in the ratio of 3:4:5. In which
of money among his friends Ankur, ratio the number of mangoes in the first
Ashwani, and Neeti in the ratio of 3:4:5. two containers must be increased, so
Neeti distributed the total amount with the new ratio becomes 5:4:3?
her among her friends Dheeraj, Sunil, (A) 5:4
and Surendra in the ratio of 6:7:8. If (B) 3:1
Dheeraj gets an amount of 3,000, find (C) 2:1
the amount (₹) that Ashwani got from (D) 4:1
his friend Raghav.
13. Pyare Lal Ji sells gulab-jamun at ₹15 per
8. The ratio of income to the expenditure of kg. A gulab-jamun is made up of flour and
P is 5:3 and that of Q is 7:6. If the savings sugar in the ratio of 5:3. The ratio of the
of P are twice that of Q, then what is the price of sugar and flour is 7:3 (per kg).

42 Ratio and Proportion

 2 15. Three employees of an IT company
He earns 66 % profit. What is the cost started a business. Employee 1 invested
3
price per kg (in ₹) of sugar? ₹30,000 for 5 months. After this, he again
invested ₹20,000 extra for the rest of the
14. In an examination of 1,260 students, the year. Employee 2 invested ₹60,000 after
ratio of the number of boys to the num- 6 months of the start of the business.
ber of girls is 3:4. The ratio of number of Employee 3 invested ₹50,000 for the first
students who passed the exam to those 8 months, then he took out ₹20,000. Find
who failed the exam is in the ratio of 11:3. the share (in ₹) of the second employee
Among the girls, the ratio of the number in the total profit, if the total profit at the
of students who passed to those who end of 1 year is ₹7,65,900.
failed the exam is in the ratio of 11:4. Find
the number of boys who passed.
(A) 462
(B) 528
(C) 990
(D) 270

Ratio and Proportion 43

 Solutions

1. 484
4 2 a c ac
P= Q a:b and c:d = ! "
Since, b d bd
15 5
Similarly, the compounded ratio of (2:3),
3
P= Q (5:11), and (11:2) is
2
2 5 11
P 3 = ! ! " 5:3
! " (P : Q ! 3 : 2) 3 11 2
Q 2
6. ₹42.25 lakhs
" 2 %
Q’s share = $ ! 1,210 ' ( ₹484 Let the weights of three pieces be 32x,
#5 & 24x, and 9x, respectively.
2. 13:16
Let the value of the diamond be denoted
Let the third number be 100x
by ‘v’
Then, first number = 130% of 100x = 130x
v ∝ w2 (where w is the weight)
and second number = 160% of 100x = 160x
v = kw2 (where k is constant)
∴ Ratio of first two numbers
Total value of the broken pieces
= 130x:160x = 13:16.
= k{(32x)2 + (24x)2 + (9x)2} = 1,681 kx2
3. 6:4:5 Value of the diamond initially
Ratio of dogs and cats = 3:2 = k(65x)2 = 4,225 kx2
Ratio of cats and birds = 4:5 Given that 4,225 kx2 – 1,681 kx2 = 2,544 kx2
In both the ratios, the number of cats Now given that 2,544 kx2 = ₹25.44 lakhs
must be the same. ⇒ kx2 = 1,000
Ratio of dogs and cats = (3:2) × 2 = 6:4 The initial value of the unbroken diamond
The ratio of cats and birds = 4:5 = (4,225) × 1,000 = ₹42.25 lakhs.
∴ Ratio of dogs:cats:birds = 6:4:5 7. 8,400
4. 1,215 Let the amounts that Ankur, Ashwani,
2 3 1 and Neeti received be 3x, 4x, and 5x,
Here, P:Q:R = : :
3 4 2 respectively.
To simplify this ratio, take LCM of (3, 4, Let the amount that Dheeraj, Sunil, and
2) = 12 Surendra received be 6y, 7y, and 8y,
Multiply the ratio by 12 respectively.
The amount with Neeti
2 3 1
P:Q:R = × 12 : × 12 : × 12 = 5x = 6y + 7y + 8y = 21y
3 4 2 Given, 6y = 3,000
P:Q:R = 8:9:6 y = 500
So, let’s assume P = 8K, Q = 9K and 21 21
R = 6K x! y ! " 500 ! 2100
5 5
P + Q + R = 3,105 The amount that Ashwani received
8K + 9K + 6K = 3,105 = 4x = 4 × 2,100 = ₹8,400.
3,105
K= = 135 8. 4:3
23
Q’s share = 9K = 9 × 135 = ₹1,215 Let the income of P be 5x. Then the ex-
penditure of P will be 3x.
5. 5:3 ∴ savings of P = 5x – 3x = 2x
We know that compounded ratio of two Let the income of Q = 7y. Then the ex-
simple ratios penditure of Q will be 6y.

44 Ratio and Proportion

 ∴ saving of Q = 7y – 6y = y Multiplying equation (i) by 35 and (ii) by
Given savings of P is double that of Q 3 we will get
∴ 2x = 2 × y ⇒ x = y 280A = 315B = 350C and 315B = 324D = 330E
∴ The ratio of total earning of P and Q OR
to the total expenditure of P and Q 280A = 315B = 350C = 324D = 330E = K
5x + 7 y 12 x (Let’s assume) ----- (iii)
= = = 4:3
3x + 6 y 9x Given that A, B, C, D, and E are integers,
which means that K must be divisible by
9. 30:25:14
280, 315, 350, 324, and 330.
The ratio of the weight of a banana and
So minimum value of K = LCM (280, 315,
an orange = 4:5.
350, 324, and 330) = 1,247,400 ------ (iv)
So, let’s assume the weight of a banana
From equations (iii) and (iv), minimum
and an orange be 4x and 5x, respectively.
values of A, B, C, D, and E will 4,455, 3,960,
Weight of an orange is 150 g.
3,564, 3,850, and 3,780, respectively.
∴ 5x = 150
Hence, minimum value of
x = 30
A+B+C+D+E
Weight of a banana = 4x = 4 × 30 = 120 g
= 4,455 + 3,960 + 3,564 + 3,850 + 3,780
The ratio of number of fruits = 3:2:7
= 19,609
The ratio of the weight of fruits = 120:
150:24 12. 2:1
The ratio of fruits (combined) weight Here, the ratio of mangoes in three con-
= 3 × 120 : 150 × 2 : 7 × 24 tainers is:
30:25:14 C1:C2:C3 = 3:4:5
So, C1 = 3x, C2 = 4x and C3 = 5x
10. (C)
After an increment in the number of man-
Intended ratio P:Q:R:S = 2:3:5:7
goes in the first two containers, the ratio
P’s share by intention
of mangoes in three containers becomes
= (2/17) × 4,199 = ₹494
C1:C2:C3 = 5:4:3
Mistaken ratio would be
So, C1 = 5y, C2 = 4y and C3 = 3y
= P:Q: R:S = 1/2:1/3:1/5:1/7
The number of mangoes remains con-
Multiply by all the elements of the ratio
stant in container 3.
by LCM (210) of 2, 3, 5, and 7.
∴ 5x = 3y
We will get P:Q:R:S = 105:70:42:30.
3y
Now P’s share = (105/247) × 4,199 = ₹1,785 x=
So, gain of P = 1,785 – 494 = ₹1,291 5
Hence,
Hence, option (C) is the correct answer.

11. 19,609
2 3 5
A= B= C
3 4 6
Multiplying by 12 we will get
8A = 9B = 10C Increase in the number of mangoes in
the first container (C1) = 16y.
7 9 11
B= D= E Increase in the number of mangoes in
8 10 12 the second container (C2) = 8y.
Multiplying by 120 we will get The required ratio = 16y:8y = (2:1).
105B = 108D = 110E
Now 8A = 9B = 10C ------ (i) 13. ₹14
and 105B = 108D = 110E ------- (ii) 2 2
Here, 66 % =
3 3

Ratio and Proportion 45

 2 15. 1,99,800
Hence, 66 % profit means there is a
3 Employee 1 : Employee 2 : Employee 3
profit of 2 units when CP is 3 units. I×T= 30,000 × 5 : 60,000 × 6 : 50,000 × 8
So, SP = 5 units + 50,000 × 7 + 30,000 × 4
5 units = ₹15 50 : 36 : 52
1 unit = ₹3 Ratio of profit 25 : 18 : 26
CP of 1 kg of gulab-jamun = 3 units
= 3 × 3 = ₹9 Since total profit in the unit is
Quantity of flour in 1 kg of gulab-jamun (25 + 18 + 26) units, but in actuality, its
= (5/8) × 1,000 = 625 g. total value is ₹7,65,900.
Quantity of sugar in 1 kg of gulab-jamun Thus, 69 unit = ₹7,65,900

1 unit = 7 ,65 ,900 = ₹11,100

= (3/8) × 1,000 = 375 g.
Given that cost prices of flour and sugar 69
are in the ratio of 3:7, let’s assume the 18 units is the profit share of the
cost price per gram of flour = 3K and second employee.
cost price per gram of sugar = 7K. 18 unit = 18 × 11,100 = ₹1,99,800.
So, the cost of flour = 625 × 3K = 1,875K
and the cost of sugar = 375 g = 375 × 7K
= 2,625K.
Cost per kg of gulab-jamun
= 1,875K + 2,625K = 4,500K = ₹9,
which means K = 1/500.
Thus, cost price per kg of sugar = 7,000K
= 7,000 × (1/500) = ₹14.
Note: We assume cost price per gram of
sugar = 7k, so cost price per kg (1,000 g)
of sugar will be 7 × 1,000 = 7,000K.

14. (A)
Given:
The total number of students = 1,260.
The number of boys = 1,260 !!3 " 540 .
7
The number of girls = 1,260 – 540 = 720.
The total passed students in the exami-
11
nation = 1,260 ! " 990.
14
The total failed students in the
examination = 1,260 – 990 = 270.
Total number of girls who passed the ex-
11
amination = ! 720 " 528 .
15
The number of boys who have passed
the examination= 990 – 528 = 462.
Hence, option (A) is the correct answer.

46 Ratio and Proportion

 Practice Exercise – 2

Level of Difficulty – 1 7. The ratio of the number of chocolates

with P, Q, R, and S is 6:7:9:10, respective-
1. Given that y is directly proportional to 8 ly. How many of them has more than 25%
less than the 5th power of x. Also, y = 47, of the total number of chocolates?
when x = 3. Find x when y = 4.8. (A) 1
(B) 2
2. If (2x + y) : (3x + 3y) = duplicate ratio of
(C) 3
2:3, then find x:y.
(D) 4
3. An IAS aspirant took five papers in the
8. In an exam, Ina’s score was 37.5% of the
exam, where the total maximum marks
sum of the scores of Mina and Dika. After
were the same for each paper. His
a review, the score of each of them in-
marks in these papers were in the ratio
creased by 11. The reviewed scores of Ina,
of 6:7:8:9:10. In all the papers together,
Mina, and Dika were in the ratio of 2:3:2.
the candidate obtained 80% of the total
Mina’s reviewed score was how much
maximum marks of all the subjects to-
more than Dika’s reviewed score?
gether. The number of papers in which he
(A) 22
got more than 72% marks are:
(B) 18
(A) 1
(C) 15
(B) 2
(D) 11
(C) 3
(D) 4 9. Amit, Sumit, Jimit, and Nimit have cer-
tain number of pencils in the ratio of
4. The mass of the liquid varies directly
1/5:1/7:1/9:1/11, respectively. What is the
with its volume. The mass of a liquid is
minimum number of pencils they must
12 g when its volume is 15 cm3. Find the
have altogether?
mass of the liquid (in g) if its volume is
(A) 944
20 cm3.
(B) 472
5. If a + b – c : b + c – a : a + c – b = 7:8:9, (C) 1,888
then find the value of c:b:a. (D) 3,776
(A) 15:16:17 10. If a:b = 4:7 and b:c = 15:19, then what is
(B) 16:15:17 (c ! a)
(C) 17:16:15 the value of ?
3a ! b " c
(D) 17:15:16
(A) 11:7
6. X, Y, and Z divides ₹5,000 in such a way (B) 117:113
that if we take away ₹180 and ₹220 from (C) 152:193
X and Y, respectively, and give ₹200 to Z, (D) 193:152
then the new amounts with X, Y, and Z
will be in the ratio of 4:5:7. Find Y’s share Level of Difficulty – 2
in the original amount.
(A) ₹1,380 11. The ratio of incomes of A, B, C, and D are in
(B) ₹1,820 the ratio of 5:6:7:8, respectively, and their
(C) ₹1,720 expenditures are in the ratio of 9:10:11:12,
(D) ₹1,500 respectively. If B saves one-third of his

Ratio and Proportion 47

 income, then A’s saving is how much per- (A) 16:7
cent less than the saving of D? (B) 4:7
(A) 37.5% (C) 4:11
(B) 50% (D) 12:11
(C) 56.25%
16. The ratio of a two-digit number and the
(D) 68.75%
number formed by reversing the digits
12. Rohan divides all the chocolates with is 13:31. How many such numbers are
him, among his four sons A, B, C, and possible?
D such that five times the number of (A) 0
chocolates with A is equal to eight times (B) 2
the number of chocolates with B, three (C) 3
times the number of chocolates with B is (D) 6
equal to four times the number of choc-
olates with C and four times the num- 17. A rope is cut into two parts so that the
ber of chocolates with C is equal to five ratio of its length to the length of the
times the number of chocolates with D. larger part is the same as the ratio of the
What could be the minimum possible to- length of the larger to the smaller part.
tal number of chocolates with Rohan? Find the ratio of the larger to the smaller
part. (Take √5 = 2.2)
13. In an online test of data analytics, John (A) 6/5
and Joe scored in the ratio of 13:16. Since (B) 7/5
there were some wrong questions in the (C) 8/5
test, after an appeal to the board mem- (D) 9/5
bers, their scores increased by the same
amount and their new scores were in the 18. Total cost of a wedding function is con-
ratio of 55:64. Find the ratio of John’s sisting of fixed cost and variable cost.
new score to that of his original score. Variable cost varies directly with the
square of the number of guests attend-
(A) 55:39
ing the wedding. Total cost of function for
(B) 49:47
80 guests is ₹83,800 and the total cost
(C) 57:44
of function for 120 guests is ₹1,19,800.
(D) 43:29
Find the fixed cost (in ₹) of the wedding
14. The value of a diamond varies direct- function.
ly with cube of its weight. The diamond
broke into four pieces, whose weights 19. In an innings of a cricket match, the ra-
were in the ratio of 1:2:3:4. When all the tio of the number of runs scored by P to
pieces were sold individually, the mer- the runs scored by Q is 1/5:1/9 and also,
chant got ₹65,700 less as compared to the ratio of the number of runs scored
the value of the original unbroken dia- by Q to that scored by R is 1/5:1/9. If P
mond. Find the original value (in thou- scored 168 runs more than R, find the
sand ₹) of the diamond. total number of runs scored by all the
three players.
15. Rajan’s present age is thrice his nephew’s
present age and four times his niece’s 20. The Lucknow–Chennai express can move
present age. A few years from now, when at 60 km/h without any wagons attached,
Rajan’s age will become twice his neph- and the decrement in speed directly var-
ew’s age, what will be the ratio of Rajan’s ies with the square root of the number
age to his niece’s age at that time? of wagons attached. If it is known that

48 Ratio and Proportion

 with nine wagons, the train’s speed is would have received ₹12,000 more than
45 km/h. What is the greatest number he actually got. Find the actual amount
of wagons with which the train can just received by L.
move? (A) ₹48,000
(B) ₹42,000
Level of Difficulty – 3 (C) ₹36,000
(D) ₹30,000
21. Virendra, Surya, and Pratap have start-
ed an Artificial Intelligence micro task- 9A ! 18B " 8C 9A " 18B ! 8C
24. If # , then
based company. Virendra invests ₹20 9A ! 18B ! 8C 9A ! 18B " 8C
lakhs, Surya ₹14 lakhs, and Pratap invests which of the following is true?
₹16 lakhs. In the first year, the company (A) 9AB – 18B2 = 8AC + 8BC
has made ₹6,60,000 profit. Some part of (B) 9AB + 8BC = 8AC + 18B2
the profit is shared between Surya and (C) 8AB + 18B2 = 9AC + 8BC
Pratap in the ratio of 3:5, respectively. (D) 9AB – 18B2 = 8BC – 8AC
The remaining profit is divided among
all the three in the ratio of their invest- 25. The ratio of the ages of the wife and
ments. The overall amount received by husband among two couples are 2:3
13 and 4:5, respectively. The oldest person
Pratap is times of the amount that is 40 years old. The difference between
10
Virendra received. Find the amount re- the ages of any two persons cannot be
ceived by Surya. more than 20. Find the age (in years) of
(A) ₹2,00,000 the youngest person, given that any male
(B) ₹1,50,000 person is not the second oldest. Also,
(C) ₹1,60,000 the age of every person is an integer.
(D) ₹1,20,000 (A) 20
(B) 22
22. Suppose A, B, C, D, and E are five com- (C) 24
panies. The profits made by A and B, B (D) Data insufficient
and C, C and D, and D and E are in the
ratio of 2:3, 4:5, 2:1, and 3:4, respective- Direction for Questions 26 to 27: Read the
ly. If the profit made by company D is following information carefully and answer
₹432 crores less than the profit made by the questions.
company B, then the total profit (in crore In the game of ‘Free Cells’, three partici-
₹) made by companies A and E together pants Bibo, Joe, and Paes, start playing with
is: amounts in the ratio of 3:4:6. They bet as fol-
(A) 512 lows: if Bibo wins a game, he gets an amount
(B) 1,240 equal to what he has at that moment from
(C) 1,680 each of the other two. If Joe wins, he gets
(D) 1,728 an amount equal to one-fourth of what he
23. L and M started a business. They made has at that moment from each of the other
a certain annual profit. M being a work- two. If Paes wins, he gets an amount equal
ing partner, received 20% of the annu- to one-fifth of what he has at that moment
al profit as his salary and the remaining from each of the other two. In a series of
profit was divided in the ratio of their in- four games, the order of the winners is Joe,
vestments. If the entire profits were di- Paes, Bibo, and Joe, respectively. At the end
vided in the ratio of their investments, L of the fourth game, Paes loses ₹20.

Ratio and Proportion 49

 26. After the third game, what is the ratio of 29. A said to B, “I am 4 times as old as you
the amounts with Bibo and Paes? were when I was one-third of your age 2
(A) 2:1 years from now”. If the sum of their ages
(B) 1:3 is 46 years, find A’s age (in years).
(C) 1:2
(D) 3:1 30. Two classes X and Y consist of American
and Russian students. Each American
27. Who among Bibo, Joe, and Paes did not in class X has five times the number of
make a loss on his/her investment? Americans as classmates as Russians. In
class Y, each American has five times the
28. Four natural numbers are in proportion. number of Russians as classmates as
The sum of the means is 28 and the sum Americans. Every Russian in class X has
of the extremes is 32. If the positive dif- seven times the number of Americans as
ference between the extremes is four classmates as Russians. Class X and class
times the positive difference between Y have the same number of students.
the means, find the difference between How many students are there in class Y?
the extremes.

50 Ratio and Proportion

 Solutions

1. 2 M ∝ V ⇒ M = KV where K is a constant
y!!α (x5 – 8) (given) M1 V1 M = 12 g M2 = x
Let y = k (x5 – 8) …..(i) = taking 1 3
M2 V2 V1 = 15 cm V2 = 20 cm3
where k is the proportionality constant.
Put x = 3 and y = 47 in (i) 12 15
=
47 = k (243 – 8) x 20
47 1 x = 16 g
!k " "
235 5 5. (D)
1
$
! y " x5 # 8
5
% Let a + b – c = 7K
b + c – a = 8K
…(i)
…(ii)
⇒ x5 = 5y + 8 a + c − b = 9K …(iii)
x ! 5 5y " 8 Adding equations (i), (ii), and (iii), we get
a + b + c = 24K …(iv)
Put y = 4.8: x ! 5 24 " 8 ! 5 32 ! 2
Now, subtracting equations (iv) from (i)
17
2. 1:2 we will get c = K
2 2
2x ! y # 2 &
"% ( Subtracting equations (iv) from (ii) we
3x ! 3y $ 3 '
will get a = 8K
2x ! y 4
" Subtracting equations (iv) from (iii) we
3x ! 3y 9
15
18x + 9y = 12x + 12y will get b = K
6x = 3y 2
x:y = 1:2 Now, c:b:a = 17/2:8:15/2 = 17:16:15.
Hence, option (D) is the correct answer.
3. (C)
Let’s assume that each paper ‘s maximum 6. (C)
marks are 100. So, five papers’ total max- Total amount = ₹5,000
imum marks will be 500. As given in the ₹180 and ₹220 are taken away and
question, that student got 80% of the to- ₹200 are added, so the net change is
tal maximum marks = 80% of 500 = 400. 180 + 220 − 200 = ₹200.
Let marks obtained by IAS aspirants in So, the balance amount = ₹4,800.
five papers are 6K, 7K, 8K, 9K, and 10K. Now, Y’s share in this can be calculated
Total marks in all five papers using ratio of 4:5:7.
= 6K + 7K + 8K + 9K + 10K = 40K. Therefore, Y’s share
According to the question = (5/16) × 4,800 = 1,500
40K = 400, which means K = 10. But ₹1,500 is share from ₹4,800
So, marks obtained by the student in five So, Y’s share in the original amount
papers will be 6 × 10 = 60, 7 x 10 = 70, 8 = ₹1,500 + 220 = ₹1,720.
x 10 = 80, 9 x 10 = 90 and 10 × 10 = 100. Hence, option (C) is the correct answer.
Thus, in three papers, he got more than
72% of the marks. 7. (B)
Hence, option (C) is the correct answer. Let us say we have total 6 + 7 + 9 + 10 = 32
chocolates.
4. 16 Chocolates with P = (6/32) × 32 = 6.
Let the mass of liquid is M and volume Chocolates with Q = (7/32) × 32 = 7.
be V.

Ratio and Proportion 51

 Chocolates with R = (9/32) × 32 = 9. (c ! a) 133x ! 60x 193x 193
Chocolates with S = (10/32) × 32 = 10. # = =
3a ! b " c 180x ! 105x " 133x 152x 152
Now 25% of total chocolates = 8. Hence, option (D) is the correct answer.
We can clearly see that only R and S have
more than eight chocolates. 11. (C)
Hence, option (B) is the correct answer. Let’s assume the incomes of A, B, C, and
D are 5y, 6y, 7y, and 8y respectively, and
8. (A) the expenditures are 9z, 10z, 11z, and 12z
Let’s assume the initial scores of Ina, respectively.
Mina, and Dika as A, B, and C, respectively. According to the question B’s saving = 1/3
Revised scores of Ina, Mina, and Dika will of 6y = 2y.
be A + 11, B + 11 and C + 11, respective- We know that
ly, and given that they are in the ratio of income = expenditure + savings
2:3:2, respectively. 6y = 10z + 2y, which means 4y = 10z or
So, (A + 11)/(C + 11) = 2/2 = 1, solving which y = 2.5z
we will get A = C. D’s savings
And (A + 11)/(B + 11) = 2/3, solving which = 8y − 12z = 8 × 2.5z − 12z = 8z
we will get 2B − 3A = 11 ---------- (i) A’s savings
Also, given that A = 37.5% of (B + C) = 3/8 = 5y − 9z = 5 × 2.5z − 9z = 3.5z
(B + C) ----------- (ii) So, we need to find out A’s saving is how
On solving equations (i) and (ii) we will much percent less than D’s saving
get B = 55 and A = 33. = (4.5z/8z) × 100 = 56.25%
As A = C, means C = 33. Hence, option (C) is the correct answer.
Required answer = 55 − 33 = 22.
Hence, option (A) is the correct answer. 12. 89
The ratio of number of chocolates with A
9. (C) and B = 8:5.
Let the number of pencils with Amit, The ratio of number of chocolates with B
Sumit, Jimit, and Nimit be a, b , c, and d, and C = 4:3.
respectively. The ratio of number of chocolates with C
Thus, a:b:c:d and D = 5:4.
= 1/5:1/7:1/9:1/11 = 693:495:385:315 After combining ratios, we will get the ra-
Let a = 693k, b = 495k, c = 385k, and tio of the number of chocolates with A,
d = 315k (where ‘k’ is a natural number). B, C, and D as 32:20:15:12.
Thus, the total number of pencils with all Now, let’s assume the number of choco-
of them = a + b + c + d = 1,888k. lates with A, B, C, and D are 32k, 30k, 15k,
For the total number of pencils to be and 12k, respectively.
minimum, ‘k’ must be 1. So, total number of chocolates distribut-
Thus, the minimum number of pencils ed by Rohan.
they have altogether = 1,888. = 32k + 30k + 15k + 12k = 89k
Hence, option (C) is the correct answer. Hence, the minimum number of choco-
10. (D) lates with Rohan can be 89 (putting k= 1).
Since a:b b:c 13. (A)
[4:7] × 15 7 × [15:19] Let the original score of John and Joe are
[60:105] [105:133] 13x and 16x.
a : b : c After an appeal, their scores are in-
60 : 105 : 133 creased to the same extent.
Let a = 60x, b = 105x, c = 133x Let ‘a’ marks are increased for both.

52 Ratio and Proportion

 According to the question x ! a 3y ! y 4y 16
Required ratio = " " "
13 x " a 55 z !a 3 7 7
! # y!y y
16 x " a 64 4 4
832x + 64a = 880x + 55a Hence, option (A) is the correct answer.
48x = 9a
16. (C)
a = 48x/9
Let the original number be 10x + y, and
Now we have to find the ratio of new
the number formed by reversing the digit
scores of John to the original score of
be 10y + x.
John.
48 117 x ! 48 x 10 x ! y 13
13 x ! x "
13 x ! a 9 9 10 y ! x 31
" "
13 x 13 x 13 x 310x + 31y = 130y + 13x
297x = 99y
165 x 165 55
= = x/y = 99/297 = 1/3
117 x 117 39 y = 3x
Hence, option (A) is the correct answer. Possible combinations:
a) when x = 1, y = 3, then number = 13
14. 73 b) when x = 2, y = 6, then number = 26
Let’s assume that the weight of the piec- c) when x = 3, y = 9, then number = 39
es are 1, 2, 3, and 4 g. So, the weight of Hence, option (C) is the correct answer.
the unbroken diamond would be 10 g.
According to the question 17. (C)
Value ∝ (weight)3 or value = K(weight)3 Let’s assume the length of the larg-
Values of the pieces and unbroken dia- er and smaller part be ‘a’ and ‘b’ units,
mond will be K (1)3, K (2)3, K (3)3, K (4)3, respectively.
and K (10)3, respectively. So, (a + b)/a = a/b
Now combined value of all four broken 1 + b/a = a/b
pieces would be K + 8K + 27K + 64K Let a/b = x
= 100K and the value of unbroken 1 + 1/x = x
diamond = 1,000K. x2 − x − 1 = 0
Loss in value = 1,000K − 100K = 900K Comparing the above mentioned equa-
= ₹65,700 or K = 73. tion with the general form of the quad-
Hence, the value of unbroken diamond = ratic equation, where a = 1, b = (-1) and c
1,000K = 1,000 × 7,300 = ₹73,000 = ₹73 = (-1), we can obtain the value of x
thousand. x = (1 + √5)/2
x = 1.6 = 8/5
15. (A)
et the present age of Rajan, his neph- 18. 55,000
ew and his niece by x, y, and z years, Let’s assume the fixed cost of the
respectively. function = ₹F
According to the question, Let’s assume the variable cost = V
x = 3y and x = 4z …(i) According to the question
Also, after say ‘a’ years, Rajan’s age will V is directly proportional to the square
be twice of his nephew’s age of the number of guests attending the
x + a = 2 (y + a) function.
Put x = 3y in the above equation V = K (N2), where N is the number of peo-
3y + a = 2y + 2a ple and K is the constant.
y=a ….(ii) According to the question

Ratio and Proportion 53

 Total cost = fixed cost + variable cost 21. (A)
= F + K (N2) It is given that some part of the profit is
83,800 = F + K (802) …(i) divided between Surya and Pratap in the
1,19,800 = F + K (1202) …(ii) ratio of 3:5. Let’s assume that Surya got
Solving equations (i) and (ii) we will get 3K and Pratap got 5K.
F = ₹55,000. It is given that the remaining profit is
divided in the ratio of their investment,
19. 453
i.e., 20:14:16 or 10:7:8.
Ratio of the number of runs scored by P Let’s assume that Virender, Surya, and
to that of Q = 1/5:1/9 or 9:5. Pratap got 10x, 7x and 8x, respectively.
Ratio of the number of runs scored by Q ∴ Profit ratio now becomes
to that of R = 1/5:1/9 or 9:5. Virendra : Surya : Pratap
Ratio of numbers of runs scored by P, Q, Profit → 10x : 7x + 3K : 8x + 5K
and R, respectively = 81:45:25. Now, according to the condition given in
So, let’s assume the runs scored by P, Q, the question that
and R to be 81K, 45K, and 25K.
13
According to the question 81K − 25K = 8x + 5K = × 10 x
10
56K = 168. 8 x ! 5K " 13 x
Or K = 3
5K " 5 x
Now 81K + 45K + 25K = 151K = 151 × 3 = 453.
K"x
20. 143 ∴ Profit share becomes now
Since the given relation is D ∝ W Virendra : Surya : Pratap
where D = Decrement in speed. Profit → 10x : 7x + 3K : 8x + 5K
W = No. of wagons. 10x : 10x : 13x
D =K W ∴ Total profit share of Surya
When the number of wagons = 9, then = (10x/33x) × 66,0000 = ₹2,00,000.
the speed is 45 km/h. Hence option (A) is the correct answer.
D =K W
22. (D)
15 = K 9 The profits made by A and B and B and
15 = 3K C are in the ratio of 2:3 and 4:5, so the
K=5 profit made by A, B, and C will be in the
When the speed of the train becomes, ratio = 8:12:15.
zero the train will stop. Then decrement The profits made by A, B, and C are in
in speed is = 60 km/h. the ratio of 8:12:15 and profits made by
D =K W C and D are in the ratio of 2:1, so profits
made by A, B, C, and D will be in the ratio
60 = 5 W
of 16:24:30:15.
12 = W Similarly, the profits made by A, B, C, D,
W = 144 and E will be in the ratio of 16:24:30:15:20.
So, when the 144 wagons will attach to Or the profits made by A, B, C, D, and
the Lucknow–Chennai express, it will not E will be 16K, 24K, 30K, 15K, and 20K,
move. respectively.
Since 144 – 1 = 143 number of wagons According to the question, 24K − 15K = 9K
allows the train to move. = ₹432 crores, which means K = ₹48
crores.

54 Ratio and Proportion

 Hence, the total profits made by compa- 25. (A)
nies A and E together = 36K = 36 × 48 = Let’s assume the age of pair 1 be 2x and
₹1,728 crores. 3x.
Hence, option (D) is the correct answer. Let’s assume the age of pair 2 be 4y and
5y.
23. (A)
3x cannot be 40, as the ages of all per-
Let’s assume total profit = 100 y and ra- sons should be integers.
tio of investment of L and M as P:Q So 5y is oldest
So, M salary = 20 y 5y = 40. So, 4y = 32
P Suppose 4y is the youngest. In this case
So, L’s share = " 80 y
P !Q we won’t be able to find integers 2x and
Now, if entire profit would have been di- 3x between 32 and 40. Thus, 2x is the
vided in the ratio P:Q, youngest person.
P Maximum age possible for 3x is a mul-
then L’s profit = " 100 y
P !Q tiple of 3 less than 40, i.e., 39, making
Now according to the question maximum age possible for 2x as 26.
then Considering that the age of the young-
L’s profit est person is 20 less than oldest person,
P P 40 − 20 = 20. Thus, the age of 2x can be an
is " 100 y − " 80 y = 12,000
P !Q P !Q even number from 20 to 26.
Also, since age of 3x has to be less than
P
or, " 20 y = 12,000 32, i.e., ≤ 30,
P !Q
So, 2x ≤ 20.
Now L’s actual profit
Thus, the only case possible is that the
P
= " 80 y age of youngest person (2x) is 20.
P !Q Hence, option (A) is the correct answer.
P
=4× " 20 y = 4 × 12,000 = ₹48,000 26. (C)
P !Q
Let the amounts with Bibos, Joe, and
Hence, option (A) is the correct answer.
Paes be 3K, 4K, and 6K. The amounts
24. (B) with Bibo, Joe, and Paes after each game
A C A !B C !D is as follows:
We know that if = , then #
B D A "B C "D
Bibos Joe Paes
!
$9A " 18B # 8C % # $9A " 18B " 8C % Initial Amounts 3K 4K 6K
$9A " 18B # 8C % " $9A " 18B # 8C % After I game 2K 6K 5K
&
$9A # 18B " 8C % # $9A " 18B # 8C % After II game K 5K 7K
$9A # 18B " 8C % " $9A " 18B # 8C % After III game 3K 4K 6K
2 # 9A " 18B$ 2 # 9A $ After IV game 2K 6K 5K
! %
2 # 8C $ 2 # 18B " 8C $ Also 6k − 5k = 20 ⇒ K = 20.
After the third game, the ratio of the
A " 2B A amounts with Bibo and Paes is 1:2.
! #
4C 9B " 4C
27. Joe
! 9AB " 4AC " 18B2 # 8BC $ 4AC
Let the amounts with Bibos, Joe, and
! 9AB " 8BC # 8AC " 18B2 Paes be 3k, 4k, and 6k. The amounts
Hence, option (B) is the correct answer. with Bibo, Joe, and Paes after each game
is as follows:

Ratio and Proportion 55

 Bibos Joe Paes The difference in the age of two persons
does not change with time.
Initial Amounts 3K 4K 6K
K − a = 4a − (3K − 2)
After I game 2K 6K 5K 4K − 2
Or, a =
After II game K 5K 7K 5
After III game 3K 4K 6K Sum of their present ages
After IV game 2K 6K 5K " 4K ! 2 %
4$ ' ( 3K ! 2 ) 46
Also 6K − 5K = 20 ⇒ K = 20. # 5 &
Joe does not lose on his investment. 16K ! 8 " 15K ! 10
# 46
5
28. 16 Or K = 8
Present age of A is 4 $ 4K ! 2 ' ( 24 years.
The sum of extremes is given as 32. " %
We require the difference of extremes.
# 5 &
Let this difference be 2x. 30. 25
Thus, the extremes will be (16 + x) and Let the number of Americans in class X
(16 − x). be XA
The positive difference between the ex- Let the number of Russians in class X be
tremes = 2x, which is four times the dif- XR
ference between the means. Let the number of Americans in class Y
Since 2x is not a multiple of 4, let’s re- be YA
assume the extremes as (16 + 4x) and Let the number of Russians in class Y be
(16 − 4x). YR
Thus, the positive difference between In class X:
extremes = 8x. Each American has five times the number
And hence the difference between the of Americans as classmates as Russians.
means = 2x ∴ XA − 1 = 5XR …(i)
And the means can be now assumed as Also, every Russian in class X has seven
(14 + x) and (14 − x). times the number of Americans as class-
And ‘product of extremes’ = ‘product of mates as he has Russians as classmates.
means’ results in ∴ 7(XR − 1) = XA …(ii)
(16 + 4x) (16 − 4x) = (14 + x) (14 − x) In class Y:
i.e., 256 − 16x2 = 196 − x² Each American has five times the num-
Let 15x² = 60, i.e., x = 2. ber of Russians as classmates as he has
and the four numbers are 24, 16, 12, and Americans as classmates.
8. ∴ 5(YA − 1) = YR …(iii)
Hence, the difference between the ex- Solving equations (i) and (ii)
tremes is 16. XR = 4 and XA = 21
Number of students in class X is
29. 24
XR + XA = 4 + 21 = 25.
A B Total number of students in X = total
Past K a number of students in Y = 25.
Present 4a 3K − 2
After 2 years 3K
Let the present age of A be 4a years and
the age of B after 2 years be 3K years.

56 Ratio and Proportion

 Mind Map

Ratio and Proportion 57