Aa¨vq-03 (Pj Zwor)

1| wPÎ-1 I wPÎ-2 G cÖ`wk©Z cÖ‡Z¨KwU †Kv‡li Zwo”PvjK ej 1.5 v Ges A AZGe, eZ©bx -2 Gi cÖevn 58.8 mA|

(N)

wPÎ : 1
GLv‡b, cÖwZwU †Kv‡li Zwo”PvjK ej, E = 1.5 V
cÖwZwU, †Kv‡li Af¨šÍixY †iva, r = 1.5 Ω
ewnt¯’ †iva, R = 100 Ω
4E 4 × 1.5
1bs eZ©bxi cÖevngvÎv, I1 = = = 0.0566 A
f¨šÍixY †iva 1.5 Ω R + 4r 100 + 4 × 1.5
ewnt¯’ 100 Ω †iv‡ai mv‡_ hy³ Kiv Av‡Q| ∴ GKK mg‡q eZ©bx-1 Gi ewnt‡iv‡a Drcbœ Zvc,
H1 = l12 R = (0.0566)2 × 100 = 0.32 J
[ivRkvnx †evW© 2024] ÔMÕ n‡Z cvB,
(K)B‡jKUªb †fvë Kv‡K e‡j? eZ©bx-2 Gi ewnt‡iv‡a Zwor cÖevn, l2 = 0.0588 A
(L)†ZRw¯Œq ¶q m~Î e¨vL¨v Ki|
∴ GKK mg‡q eZ©bx-2 Gi ewnt‡iv‡a Drcbœ Zvc,
(M)eZ©bx-2 Gi cÖevn wbY©q Ki|
(N)eZ©bx-1 I eZ©bx-2 Gi g‡a¨ †KvbwUi ewnt‡iva †ewk DËß n‡e? H2 = l22 R = (0.0588)2 × 100 = 0.3457 J
we‡kølY Ki| Dc‡ii we‡kølY n‡Z †`Lv hvq, H2 > H1
1 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi myZivs, eZ©bx-2 Gi ewnt‡iva †ewk DËß n‡e|
(K) GKwU B‡jKUªb Zwor †¶‡Îi| wefe cv_©‡K¨i `ywU we›`yi g‡a¨ ¯’vbvšÍ‡i †h
KvR m¤úbœ nq Zv‡K B‡jKUªb †fvë e‡j| 2| B‡jKwUªwmwU j¨ve‡iUwi‡Z GKwU wgUvi weª‡Ri GKwU duv‡K 2 Ω Ges Aci
(L) ‡ZRw¯Œq ¶q m~Îvbymv‡i, duv‡K 3 Ω †iva mshy³ Av‡Q| wk¶v_©xiv wb¯ú›` we›`y wVK gvSLv‡b †c‡Z
cigvYyi fvO‡bi nvi, A¶Z cigvYy msL¨vi mgvbycvwZK Pv‡”Q|
dN [h‡kvi †evW© 2024]
∝N (K) K…òe¯‘i wewKiY Kv‡K e‡j?
dt
dN (L) Wv‡qv‡W Zwor GKw`‡K cÖevwnZ nq †Kb? e¨vL¨v Ki|
∴ = – λN (M) wb¯ú›` we›`y †Kv_vq cvIqv hv‡e? wbY©q Ki|
dt
(N) DÏxcK Abyhvqx wk¶v_©x‡`i D‡Ïk¨ mdj Kivi Rb¨ Kx c`‡¶c
[λ ¶q aªæeK Ges (–) Øviv cigvYy msL¨vi nªvm eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q]
‡bIqv †h‡Z cv‡i? MvwYwZK we‡kølYc~e©K DËi `vI|
dN N = N dN t=t
ev, = – λdt ev, ∫N = N = ∫t = 0 – λdt 2 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
N 0 N
(K) Av`k© K…òe¯‘ †_‡K †h wewKiY nq Zv‡K K…òe¯‘i wewKiY e‡j|
ev, [ln N]N = [– λt]0 ev, ln   = –λt
N t N (L) GKwU p-type I GKwU n-type †mwgKÛv±i hy³ K‡i Wv‡qvW ˆZwi Kiv
0 N0 nq| p-type †mwgKÛv±‡i †nvj Ges n-type †mwgKÛv±‡i B‡jKUªb Zwor
∴ N = Noe–λt cwien‡b KvR K‡i| d‡j GKwU p-n Wv‡qvW‡K †Kv‡bv e¨vUvwi Øviv evqvwms
∴ t mgq c‡i A¶Z cigvYyi msL¨v Dc‡ii m~Î AbymiY Ki‡e| Ki‡j p-type Gi †nvj I n-type Gi B‡jKUªb ci¯úi wecixZ w`‡K
(M) MwZkxj nq d‡j Zwor cÖevn GKw`‡K nq KviY Zwor cÖevn B‡jKUªb
cÖev‡ni wecixZ w`‡K nq| G Kvi‡Y Wv‡qv‡W Zwor GKw`‡K cÖevwnZ nq|
(M) ‡`Iqv Av‡Q, wgUvi weª‡Ri GK duv‡Ki †iva, P = 2 Ω
Ab¨ duv‡Ki †iva, Q = 3 Ω
awi, wgUvi weª‡Ri evg cÖvšÍ †_‡K l cm `~‡i wb¯ú›` we›`y cvIqv hv‡e|
P l
∴ =
Q 100 – l
2 l
ev, =
3 100 – l
ev, 200 – 2l = 3l
GLv‡b, cÖwZwU †Kv‡li Zwo”PvjK ej, E = 1.5 V ev, 5l = 200
cÖwZwU †Kv‡li Af¨šÍixY †iva, r = 1.5 Ω ∴ l = 40 cm.
ewnt¯’ †iva, R = 100 Ω myZivs, wgUvi weª‡Ri evg cÖvšÍ †_‡K 40 cm `~‡i wb¯ú›` we›`y cvIqv hv‡e|
eZ©bx‡Z, 4wU K‡i †kªwY‡Z hy³ n‡q †gvU 3wU mgvšÍivj kvLv ˆZwi K‡i‡Q| (N) awi, wk¶v_©x‡`i D‡Ïk¨ md‡ji Rb¨ A_©vr, l = 50 cm Kivi Rb¨ P
4r 4 × 1.5
∴ eZ©bxi Zzj¨‡iva, Req = R + = 100 + = 102 Ω evûi †iva cwieZ©b K‡i P′ Ki‡Z n‡e|
3 3 P′ l
Zzj¨ Zwo”PvjK kw³, Eeq = 4 E = 4 × 1.5 V = 6 V GLb, =
Q 100 – l
Eeq 6
∴ Zwor cÖevn, l2 = = = 0.0588 A = 58.8 mA
Req 102
Page 1
 P′ 50 ev, (1 + 0.05 θ) = 1
=
3 100 – 50 ∴ θ = 0°C
∴ P′ = 3 Ω myZivs, eZ©bxi ZvcgvÎv e„w× cvqwb|
awi, P †iv‡ai mv‡_ R †iva †kªwY‡Z hy³ Ki‡j bZzb †iva P′ n‡e| (N) 1bs eZ©bxi Zzj¨‡iva, R1 = 84 Ω [M n‡Z]
∴ P′ = P + R Zwo”PvjK ej, E = 12 V
R 12 1
ev, R = P′ – P = 3 – 2 ∴ eZ©bxi cÖevngvÎv, l1 = = = A
R1 84 7
∴ R=1Ω 2q eZ©bx‡Z 20 Ω, 30 Ω Ges 72 Ω †iva wZbwU †kªwY‡Z mshy³|
myZivs, wgUvi weª‡Ri GKwU duv‡K 2 †iv‡ai mv‡_ 1 Ω †iva †kªwY‡Z hy³
∴ 2bs eZ©bxi Zzj¨‡iva, R2 = (20 + 30 + 72) Ω = 122 Ω
Ki‡j wk¶v_©x‡`i D‡Ïk¨ mdj n‡e|
E 12 6
∴ eZ©bxi cÖevngvÎv, l2 = = A= A
3| R2 122 61
∴ cÖevngvÎvi cwieZ©b, ΔI = I1 – I2 =  –  A = 0.0445 A
1 6
7 61
AZGe, eZ©bxi †iva¸‡jvi mgv‡ek wPÎ-2 Gi g‡Zv n‡j cÖevngvÎv
Zvr¶wYK 0.0445 A K‡g hv‡e|

4| DÏxc‡K `ywU eZ©bx †`Lv‡bv n‡jv :

wPÎ-1 Gi †iv‡ai mgv‡ek‡K 12 V Zwor Dr‡mi mv‡_ hy³ Kivq| eZ©bx‡Z
ZworcÖevn ïiæ nq| mg‡qi mv‡_ mv‡_ eZ©bxi ZvcgvÎv e„w× cvq Ges
1
cÖevngvÎv Kg‡Z _v‡K| †Kv‡bv GK ch©v‡q cÖevngvÎv Amp nq| †iv‡ai
7
ZvcgvÎv ¸Yv¼ 0.05/°C|
[h‡kvi †evW© 2024]
(K) Zwor w؇giæ Kv‡K e‡j? Zwo”PvjK ej, E = 3 volt
(L) GKwU duvcv †Mvj‡Ki Af¨šÍ‡ii mKj we›`y‡Z wefe mgvb| e¨vL¨v Ki| Af¨šÍixY †iva, r = 0.2 Ω Ges ewnt‡iva, R = 30 Ω
1 [Kzwgjøv †evW© 2024]
(M) eZ©bxi cÖevngvÎv nªvm †c‡q Amp n‡j eZ©bxi ZvcgvÎv KZ e„w×
7 (K) Zvob †e‡Mi msÁv `vI|
cvq? wbY©q Ki| (L) ZvcgvÎv e„w× †c‡j cwievnxi cÖevngvÎv K‡g hvq †Kb? e¨vL¨v Ki|
(N) eZ©bxi †iva¸‡jvi mgv‡ek wPÎ-2 Gi g‡Zv n‡j cÖevngvÎvi Zvr¶wYK (M) 1bs eZ©bx‡Z g~j cÖevn †ei Ki|
Kx cwieZ©b n‡e Zvi MvwYwZK we‡kølY `vI| (N) DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K †Kvb eZ©bx‡Z GKK mg‡q AwaK kw³ AcPq
3 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi n‡e? MvwYwZKfv‡e we‡kølY Ki|
(K) mggv‡bi `ywU wecixZag©x PvR© ¯^í `~i‡Z¡ _vK‡j Zv‡`i‡K Zwor w؇giæ 4 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
e‡j| (K) ‡Kv‡bv cwievnxi g‡a¨ gy³ B‡jKUªb¸‡jv †h Mo‡e‡M cÖevwnZ n‡q Zwor
(L) PvwR©Z †Mvj‡Ki Af¨šÍ‡i †Kv‡bv ej‡iLv Ges Zwor cÖvej¨ _v‡K bv| ZvB cÖevn m„wó K‡i Zv‡K Zvob †eM ev mÂiY †eM e‡j|
Amxg n‡Z †Mvj‡Ki Af¨šÍ‡ii †h‡Kv‡bv we›`y‡Z GKK abvZ¥K PvR©‡K (L) Avgiv Rvwb, cwievnxi †iv‡ai DòZv mnM abvZ¥K|
Avb‡Z GKB cwigvY KvR Ki‡Z nq| G Kvi‡YB Zwor wef‡ei msÁvbymv‡i, myZivs, ZvcgvÎv e„w× †c‡j cwievnxi †iva e„w× cvq|
†Kv‡bv †Mvj‡Ki Af¨šÍ‡i mKj we›`y‡Z wefe mgvb, hv c„‡ôi wef‡ei mgvb| R = R0 (1 + α θ)
KviY PvwR©Z †Mvj‡Ki c„ô n‡Z Zwor ej‡iLvmg~n wbM©Z nq Ges Amxg n‡Z Avevi, Avgiv Rvwb, wefe cv_©K¨ AcwiewZ©Z _vK‡j cwievnxi cÖevngvÎv I
AvMZ GKK abvZ¥K PvR©wU‡K c„ô ch©šÍ Avb‡Z wbw`©ó gv‡bi KvR-Ki‡Z V 1
nq| Zvi †iv‡ai e¨¯ÍvbycvwZK, I = ∴ l ∝
R R
(M) GLv‡b, eZ©bxi 20 Ω I 30 Ω †iva mgvšÍiv‡j hy³| G‡`i Zzj¨ †iva, RP †h‡nZz ZvcgvÎv e„wׇZ †iva e„w× cvq, d‡j ZvcgvÎv e„wׇZ cÖevngvÎv K‡g
1 –1
=  +  = 12 Ω Ges, RP I 72 Ω †iva †kªwY‡Z mshy³|
1 hv‡e|
20 30 (M) ‡`Iqv Av‡Q,
Zwo”PvjK ej, E = 3V
Af¨šÍixY †iva, r = 0.2 Ω
ewnt‡iva, R = 30 Ω

∴ eZ©bxi Zzj¨ †iva,

R0 = RP + 72 = (12 + 72) Ω = 84 Ω
eZ©bxi Zwo”PvjK ej, E = 12 V
†iv‡ai ZvcgvÎv ¸Yv¼, α = 0.05/°C ∴ cÖevngvÎv,
1 3E 3×3
GLb, cÖevngvÎv nªvm †c‡q l = A nIqvq eZ©bxi cwiewZ©Z †iva Rθ n‡j, I1 = = = 0.294 A
7 R + 3r 30 + 3 × 0.2
Rθ 1 myZivs, 1bs eZ©bx‡Z g~j cÖevn 0.294 A.
l= =
E 7 (N) ÔMÕ n‡Z cvB, 1bs eZ©bx‡Z g~j cÖevn, I1 = 0.294 F
ev, Rθ = E × 7 = 12 × 7 = 84 Ω ‡`Iqv Av‡Q, Zwo”PvjK ej, E = 3 V
eZ©bxi ZvcgvÎv I cwigvY e„w× †c‡j, Af¨šÍixY †iva, r = 0.2 Ω
Avgiv Rvwb, Rθ = R0 (1 + α θ) ewnt‡iva, R = 30 Ω
ev, 84 = 84 (1 + 0.05 θ) GKK mg‡q 1bs eZ©bx‡Z AcPqK…Z kw³,
Page 2
 H1 = I12 (R + 3r) †iv‡ai ZvcgvÎv ¸Yv¼, α = 0.05/°C
= (0.294)2 × (30 + 0.2 × 3) 1
= 2.64 J GLb, cÖevngvÎv nªvm †c‡q l = A nIqvq eZ©bxi cwiewZ©Z †iva Rθ n‡j,
7
Rθ 1
l= =
E 7
ev, Rθ = E × 7 = 12 × 7 = 84 Ω
eZ©bxi ZvcgvÎv I cwigvY e„w× †c‡j,
Avgiv Rvwb, Rθ = R0 (1 + α θ)
ev, 84 = 84 (1 + 0.05 θ)
ev, (1 + 0.05 θ) = 1
E 3
2bs eZ©bx‡Z cÖevngvÎv, I2 = = = 0.0998 A ∴ θ = 0°C
r 0.2
R+ 30 + myZivs, eZ©bxi ZvcgvÎv e„w× cvqwb|
3 3
GKK mg‡q 2bs eZ©bx‡Z AcPqK…Z kw³, (N) 1bs eZ©bxi Zzj¨‡iva, R1 = 84 Ω [M n‡Z]
Zwo”PvjK ej, E = 12 V
H2 = I12 R +  = (0.0998)2 × 30 +  = 0.299 J
r 0.2
 3  3 ∴ eZ©bxi cÖevngvÎv, l1 =
R
=
12 1
= A
H1 > H 2 R1 84 7
myZivs, GKK mg‡q 1bs eZ©bx‡Z AwaK kw³ AcPq n‡e| 2q eZ©bx‡Z 20 Ω, 30 Ω Ges 72 Ω †iva wZbwU †kªwY‡Z mshy³|
∴ 2bs eZ©bxi Zzj¨‡iva, R2 = (20 + 30 + 72) Ω = 122 Ω
5| E 12 6
∴ eZ©bxi cÖevngvÎv, l2 = = A= A
R2 122 61
∴ cÖevngvÎvi cwieZ©b, ΔI = I1 – I2 =  –  A = 0.0445 A
1 6
7 61
AZGe, eZ©bxi †iva¸‡jvi mgv‡ek wPÎ-2 Gi g‡Zv n‡j cÖevngvÎv
wPÎ-1 Gi †iv‡ai mgv‡ek‡K 12 V Zwor Dr‡mi mv‡_ hy³ Kivq eZ©bx‡Z Zvr¶wYK 0.0445 A K‡g hv‡e|
ZworcÖevn ïiæ nq| mg‡qi mv‡_ mv‡_ eZ©bxi ZvcgvÎv e„w× cvq Ges
1 6| wb‡Pi eZ©bxwU j¶ Ki :
cÖevngvÎv Kg‡Z _v‡K| †Kv‡bv GK ch©v‡q cÖevngvÎ Amp nq| [‡iv‡ai
7
ZvcgvÎv ¸Yv¼ α = 0.05/° C]
[Kzwgjøv †evW© 2024]
(K) Zwor w؇gi Kv‡K e‡j?
(L) †cÖvUbmg~n abvZ¥K Avavbwewkó nIqv m‡Ë¡I wbDwK¬qvm MwVZ nq †Kb?
e¨vL¨v Ki|
1 [PÆMÖvg †evW© 2024]
(M) eZ©bxi cÖevngvÎv nªvm †c‡q Amp n‡j eZ©bxi ZvcgvÎv KZ e„w× (K) cÖevn NbZ¡ Kv‡K e‡j?
7
cvq? wbY©q Ki| (L) †Kv‡bv cwievnxi cwievwnZv 0.2 wm‡gÝ ej‡Z Kx eySvq?
(N) eZ©bxi †iva¸‡jvi mgv‡ek wPÎ-2 Gi g‡Zv n‡j cÖevngvÎvi Zvr¶wYK (M) eZ©bxi A we›`y‡Z wefe wbY©q Ki|
Kx cwieZ©b n‡e Zvi MvwYwZK we‡kølY `vI| (N) eZ©bx‡K 20° C ZvcgvÎvi 2 kg cvwb‡Z Wzwe‡q 1 NÈv Pvjy ivL‡j
5 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi cvwb ev®úxf‚Z n‡e wK bv? MvwYwZKfv‡e we‡kølY Ki|
(K) mggv‡bi `ywU wecixZag©x PvR© ¯^í `~i‡Z¡ _vK‡j Zv‡`i‡K Zwor w؇giæ 6 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
e‡j| (K) ‡Kv‡bv cwievnxi GKK cÖ¯’‡”Q‡`i †¶Îd‡ji ga¨ w`‡q cÖevwnZ cÖevngvÎv‡K
(L) ‡cÖvUbmg~n abvZ¥K Avavbwewkó nIqv m‡Ë¡I wbDwK¬qvm MwVZ nq| Avgiv cÖevn NbZ¡ e‡j|
Rvwb, abvZ¥K Avavb ci¯úi‡K weKl©Y K‡i d‡j †cÖvUb-‡cÖvUb‡K weKl©Y (L) ‡Kv‡bv cwievnxi cwievnxZv 0.2 wm‡gÝ ej‡Z eySvq †Kv‡bv cwievnx Zv‡ii
K‡i| wKš‘ wbDwK¬qv‡mi g‡a¨ Zwor †PŠ¤^K mej (‡cÖvUb-‡cÖvUb) QvovI 1 m ‰`‡N©¨ 1 V wefe cv_©K¨ eRvq ivL‡j Zvi ga¨ w`‡q 0.2 A Zwor
†cÖvUb I wbDUª‡bi g‡a¨ AvKl©Yag©x mej wbDwK¬qvi ej KvR K‡i| hv cÖevwnZ n‡e|
†cÖvU‡bi ga¨Kvi Zwor‡PŠ¤^K ej A‡c¶v A‡bK †ewk| (M) eZ©bxwU‡Z R1 I R2 †kªwY‡Z Av‡Q|
cigvYyi wbDwK¬qv‡m mej wbDwK¬q ej Zwor †PŠ¤^K ej A‡c¶v †ewk nIqvq
∴ Rs1 = R1 + R2 GLv‡b,
†cÖvUbmg~n abvZ¥K Avavbwewkó nIqv m‡Ë¡I wbDUªb G‡K Ac‡ii mv‡_ R1 = 10 Ω
= (10 + 5) Ω = 15 Ω
GK‡Î wbDwK¬qvm MVb K‡i| R2 = 5 Ω
(M) GLv‡b, eZ©bxi 20 Ω I 30 Ω †iva mgvšÍiv‡j hy³| G‡`i Zzj¨ †iva, R3 I R4 †kªwY‡Z Av‡Q|
R3 = 8 Ω
1 –1 ∴ Rs2 = R3 + R4
RP =  +  = 12 Ω Ges, RP I 72 Ω †iva †kªwY‡Z
1 R4 = 12 Ω
20 30 = (8 + 12) Ω = 20 Ω E = 40 V
mshy³| Ges, Rs1 I Rs2 mgvšÍiv‡j Av‡Q|

∴ eZ©bxi Zzj¨ †iva,

R0 = RP + 72 = (12 + 72) Ω = 84 Ω
eZ©bxi Zwo”PvjK ej, E = 12 V
Page 3
 1 1 1 (L) AwaK cwigvY cÖevn wM‡q hv‡Z M¨vjfv‡bvwgUvi ev m~² I my‡e`x ˆe`y¨wZK
∴ = +
RP Rs1 Rs2 hš¿‡K bó Ki‡Z bv cv‡i Zvi Rb¨ h‡š¿i mv‡_ mgvšÍiv‡j ¯^í gv‡bi †h †iva
1 1 1 hy³ Kiv nq ZvB kv›U| kv‡›Ui cÖavb KvR n‡jv M¨vjfv‡bvwgUv‡ii we`y¨r
ev, = +
RP 15 Ω 20 Ω cÖevn nªvm K‡i G‡K AwZ we`y¨rcÖevnRwbZ ¶wZi nvZ †_‡K i¶v Kiv|
4 + 3–1 kv›U‡K eZ©bx‡Z mgvšÍiv‡j ms‡hvM †`Iqv nq hv‡Z AwZwi³ cÖevn kv‡÷i
ev, RP = 
 60 Ω ga¨ w`‡q cÖevwnZ n‡Z cv‡i|
60 (M) ‡`Iqv Av‡Q, cÖwZwU Zwor †Kv‡li gvb, E = 1.5 V
∴ RP = Ω cÖwZwU Zwor †Kv‡li Af¨šÍixY †iva, r = 0.2 Ω
7
E 40 V 8 GLv‡b, R I R′ mgvšÍiv‡j mshy³ Ges Af¨šÍixY †iva¸‡jv G‡`i mv‡_
Zvn‡j, I1 = = = A
Rs1 15 Ω 3 †kªwY‡Z hy³|
GLb, C I A we›`yi ga¨eZ©x wefe cv_©K¨,
VCA = I1 × R1
8
ev, VC – VA = × 10
3
80 80
ev, VA = VC – = 40 – [VC = E = 40 V]
3 3 1 1 –1
∴ Zzj¨‡iva, Req =  +  + 3r
∴ VA = 13.33 V R R′
1 1 –1
=  +  + 3 × 0.2
AZGe, eZ©bxi A we›`y‡Z wefe 13.33 V.
60 10 5
(N) ÔMÕ n‡Z cvB, eZ©bxi Zzj¨‡iva, RP = Ω = 3.93 Ω
7
E 40 V 14 3E 3 × 1.5
∴ eZ©bxi †gvU Zwor cÖevn, I = = = A ∴ cÖevngvÎv, I = = A = 1.145 A
RP 60 3 RP 3.93
Ω
7 ∴ R′ †iv‡ai wefe cv_©K¨,
1 NÈv Pvjy ivL‡j eZ©bx Øviv Drcbœ Zvc, VR′ = 3E – 31r = 3 × 1.5 – 3 × 1.145 × 0.2 = 3.813 V
H = I2RPt AZGe, 1bs eZ©bx‡Z Pvwe eÜ Ae¯’vq R′ Gi wefe cv_©K¨ 3.813 V|
=  A ×
14 2 60 (N) GLv‡b, cÖwZwU Zwor †Kv‡qi gvb, E = 1.5 V
 3  7 Ω × (60 × 60) s = 672000 J cÖwZwU Zwor †Kv‡li Af¨šÍixY †iva, r = 0.2 Ω
GLb, 20 °C ZvcgvÎvi 2 kg cvwb‡K 100 GLv‡b, ewnt¯’ †iva, R = 10 Ω
°C ZvcgvÎvi cvwb‡Z cwiYZ Ki‡Z m = 2kg Pvwe †Lvjv Ae¯’vq wPÎ-1 Gi eZ©bxwU wb¤œiƒc :
cÖ‡qvRbxq Zvc, s = 4200 J kg–1 K–1
Q = msΔθ Δθ = 100°C – 20°
= 2 kg × 4200 J kg–1 K–1 × 80 C
K = 80° C = 80 K
= 672000 J
†h‡nZz, H = Q
myZivs, eZ©bxwU‡K 20° C ZvcgvÎvi 2 kg cvwb‡Z Wzwe‡q 1 NÈv Pvjy
eZ©bxwU‡Z wZbwU Zwor †Kvl †kªwY‡Z mshy³ Ae¯’vq Av‡Q|
ivL‡j cvwbi ZvcgvÎv 100° C G cwiYZ n‡e wKš‘ ev‡®ú cwiYZ n‡e bv|
3E 3 × 1.5
[we. `ª : g‡b ivL‡e, cvwbi ZvcgvÎv 100° C nIqv gv‡bB ev®ú nIqv bv| ∴ 1bs eZ©bxi cÖevngvÎv, Is = = = 0.42 A
R + 3r 10 + 3 × 0.2
100° C ZvcgvÎvi m kg f‡ii cvwb‡K 100° C ZvcgvÎvi ev‡®ú cwiYZ
Avevi, wPÎ-2 Gi eZ©bxwU‡Z wZbwU Zwor †Kvl mgvšÍiv‡j mshy³ Ae¯’vq
Kivi cÖ‡qvRbxq Zvc, Q′ = mlv Av‡Q|
GLv‡b, lv = cvwbi ev®úxfe‡bi myßZvc|] E 1.5
∴ 2bs eZ©bxi cÖevngvÎv, IP = = = 0.149 A
r 0.2
7| R+ 10 +
3 3
GLv‡b, Is > IP
myZivs, Pvwe †Lvjv Ae¯’vq wPÎ-1 I wPÎ-2 Gi g‡a¨ wPÎ-1 Gi †¶‡Î Zwor
cÖevngvÎv AwaK n‡e|

8| wb‡Pi eZ©bxwU j¶ Ki :
eZ©bx‡Z D‡jøwLZ cÖwZwU Zwor †Kv‡li gvb 1.5 V| Zwor †Kv‡li Af¨šÍixY
†iva 0.2 Ω Ges ewnt¯’, †iva R = 10 Ω|
[wm‡jU †evW© 2024]
(K) Av‡cw¶K †iva ej‡Z Kx †evS?
(L) eZ©bx‡Z kv‡›Ui e¨envi e¨vL¨v Ki|
(M) 1bs eZ©bx‡Z Pvwe eÜ Ae¯’vq R′ †iv‡ai wefe cv_©K¨ wbY©q Ki| [ewikvj †evW© 2024]
(N) Pvwe †Lvjv Ae¯’vq wPÎ-1 I wPÎ-2 Gi g‡a¨ †Kvb †¶‡Î Zwor (K) Zwor cwievwnZv Kv‡K e‡j?
cÖevngvÎv AwaK n‡e? MvwYwZK we‡kølY K‡i gZvgZ `vI| (L) Zwor cÖev‡ni d‡j cwievnx‡Z Zvc Drcbœ nq †Kb? e¨vL¨v Ki|
7 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi (M) Pvwe K †Lvjv (OFF) Ae¯’vq AB Gi ga¨ w`‡q Zwor cÖevn wbY©q
(K) GKK ˆ`N¨© I GKK cÖ¯’‡”Q‡`i †¶Îdj wewkó †Kv‡bv cwievnxi †iva‡K Ki|
Av‡cw¶K †iva e‡j| (N) Pvwe K hÜ (ON) Ges †Lvjv (OFF) Ae¯’vq AB Gi `yB cÖv‡šÍi
wefe cv_©‡K¨i cwieZ©b MvwYwZKfv‡e we‡kølY Ki|
Page 4
 8 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi 9| wPÎwU j¶ Ki :
(K) cwievwnZv GKwU ivwk hv †Kv‡bv eZ©bx‡Z KZ fv‡jvfv‡e Zwor cÖevwnZ nq
Zv wb‡`©k K‡i| Zwor cwievwnZv‡K I Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq|
(L) †Kv‡bv cwievnxi `yB cÖv‡šÍ wefe cv_©K¨ _vK‡j cwievnxi wfZi w`‡q Zwor
cÖevwnZ nq| Zwor cÖev‡ni mgq B‡jKUªb MwZkxj n‡j AYy cigvYyi mv‡_
msNl© jv‡M d‡j B‡jKUª‡bi MwZ evav cÖvß nq| GB evav AwZµg K‡i
hvIqvi mgq B‡jKUªb wKQz kw³ nvivq| GB nviv‡bv kw³ cwievnx‡Z Zvc
kw³ wn‡m‡e Avwef©ve nq| A_©vr cwievnx‡Z Zwor cÖevwnZ n‡j cwievnx‡Z
Zv‡ci D™¢e nq|
(M) Pvwe ÔKÕ †Lvjv Ae¯’vq eZ©bxwU wPÎ-1 Gi b¨vq n‡e| [w`bvRcyi †evW© 2024]
(K) Zwor cÖvej¨ Kx?
(L) RjcÖcv‡Zi wKQz Dci n‡Z cvwb co‡j cvwbi ZvcgvÎv e„w× cvq †Kb?
(M) Pvwe (K) †Lvjv Ae¯’vq ADC c‡_ cÖev‡ni gvb wbY©q Ki|
(N) Pvwe eÜ Ki‡j M¨vjfv‡bvwgUvi Gi ga¨w`‡q MwZkxj cÖevn g~j cÖev‡ni
GK-Z…Zxqvsk n‡e wK-bv- MvwYwZKfv‡e hvPvB Ki|
9 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
GLv‡b, eZ©bxi Zwo”PvjK ej, E = 9V (K) Zwor †¶‡Îi †Kv‡bv we›`y‡Z GKwU GKK abvZ¥K PvR© ¯’vcb Ki‡j Zvi Dci
R1 = 5 Ω Ges R2 = 8 Ω †h ej cÖhy³ nq, ZvB H Zwor †¶‡Îi Rb¨ DË we›`yi Zwor cÖvej¨|
R1 I R2 †kªwY‡Z mshy³| (L) RjcÖcv‡Zi wKQz Dci †_‡K cvwb co‡j cvwbi ZvcgvÎv e„w× cvq| KviY
∴ eZ©bxi Zzj¨‡iva, Rs = R1 + R2 RjcÖcv‡Zi Dc‡ii cvwbi wefekw³ wb‡Pi Zzjbvq †ewk nIqvq wb‡P covi
c‡i wefekw³ Zv‡c iƒcvšÍwiZ nq| Drcbœ DË nviv‡bv wefekw³ cvwbi
=5Ω+8Ω
ZvcgvÎv wb‡æv³ m~Îvbymv‡i e„w× K‡i,
= 13 Ω
EP = Q ev, mgh = mSΔT
∴ AB Gi ga¨ w`‡q Zwor cÖevn, d‡j cvwbi ZvcgvÎv e„w× cvq|
E 9V (M) Pvwe (K) †Lvjv Ae¯’vq eZ©bxwU wPÎ-1 Gi g‡Zv n‡e|
I= = = 0.6923 A
Rs 13 Ω GLv‡b, R1 = 10 Ω, R2 = 20 Ω
AZGe, Pvwe (K) †Lvjv (OFF) Ae¯’vq AB-Gi ga¨ w`‡q Zwor cÖevn R3 = 30 Ω, R4 = 40 Ω
0.6923 Α.
(N) ÔMÕ n‡Z cvB, Pvwe (K) †Lvjv Ae¯’vq AB-Gi ga¨ w`‡q Zwor cÖevn, I1 =
0.6923 A
AB-Gi ga¨ †iva, R = 8 Ω
∴ AB-Gi `yB cÖv‡šÍi wefe cÖv_©K¨,
V = I1 × R = 0.6923 × 8 V = 5.5384 V
Zwo”PvjK ej, E = 24 V
ADCA jy‡c Kvk©‡di 2q m~Î cÖ‡qvM K‡i
– 24 + 30I1 + 40I1 = 0
24
ev, I1 = = 0.343 A
70
myZivs Pvwe (K) †Lvjv Ae¯’vq ADC c‡_ cÖevn 0.343 A
Avevi, Pvwe eÜ Ae¯’vq, (N) ADCFGA jy‡c Kvk©‡di wØZxq m~Î cÖ‡qvM K‡i cvB,
1g jy‡c Kvk©‡di m~Îvbymv‡i, – 24 + 30I1 + 40 (I1 + Ig) = 0
– 9 + 5I1 + 8(I1 + I2) = 0 ∴ 70I1 + 40Ig = 24 .............................. (i)
∴ 13I1 + 8I2 = 9 ........ (i) ABDA jy‡c Kvk©‡di wØZxq m~Î cÖ‡qvM K‡i cvB,
2q jy‡ci Rb¨, 10I2 + 12Ig – 30I1 = 0
– 7 + 6I2 + 8(I1 + I2) = 0
∴ – 30I1 + 10I2 + 12Ig = 0 ..................... (ii)
∴ 8I1 + 14I2 = 7 ........ (ii) BCDB jy‡c Kvk©‡di wØZxq m~Î cÖ‡qvM K‡i cvB,
(i) I (ii) bs mgvavb K‡i, 20(I2 – Ig) – 40 (I1 + Ig) – 12Ig = 0
I1 = 0.593 A
∴ – 40I1 + 20I2 – 72Ig = 0 ..................... (iii)
I2 = 0.161A
∴ AB Gi ga¨ w`‡q Zwor cÖevn
= I1 + I2
= (0.593 + 0.161) A
= 0.754 A
∴ AB Gi `yB cÖv‡šÍi wefe cv_©K¨,
V′ = 8 × 0.754 V = 6.032 V
Pvwe K eÜ I †Lvjv Ae¯’vq AB Gi `yB cÖv‡šÍ wefe cv_©‡K¨i cwieZ©b,
ΔVAB = V′ – V = (6.032 – 5.5384) V = 0.4936 V
myZivs, Pvwe K eÜ (ON) Ges †Lvjv (OFF) Ae¯’vq AB Gi `yB cÖv‡šÍi
wefe cv_©‡K¨i cwieZ©b 0.4936 v. (i), (ii) I (iii) bs mgvavb K‡i,
I1 = 0.30638 A
I2 = 0.84255 A
Page 5
 I3 = 0.0638 A
g~j cÖevn, I = I1 + I2
= 0.30638 A + 0.84255 A
= 1.14893 A
Ig 0.0638 1
GLvb, = =
I 1.14893 18
myZivs, Pvwe eÜ Ki‡j M¨vjfv‡bvwgUvi Gi ga¨ w`‡q MwZkxj cÖevn g~j
cÖev‡ni GK-Z…Zxqvsk n‡e bv|

10| Avgiv Rvwb, mvg¨ve¯’vq,

P R
=
Q S
R × Q 20 × 15
ev, P = = =3Ω
S 100
GLb, 5 Ω I P1 Gi Zzj¨‡iva 3 Ω
1 1 1
∴ = +
3 5 P1
1 1 –1
∴ P1 =  –  = 7.5 Ω
3 5
[gqgbwmsn †evW© 2024] myZivs, DÏxc‡Ki eZ©bxi me¸‡jv Pvwe eÜ Ae¯’vq P1 †iv‡ai gvb 7.5 Ω
(K) cÖevn NbZ¡ Kv‡K e‡j? Kiv n‡j M¨vjfv‡bvwgUv‡ii ga¨ w`‡q †Kv‡bv Zwor cÖevwnZ n‡e bv|
(L) wbivcËv wdD‡R miæ Ges msKi avZz e¨envi Kiv nq †Kb? e¨vL¨v
Ki| 11| 100 Ω †iv‡ai M¨vjfv‡bvwgUvi, 5 Ω kv›U wb‡q GKwU Zwor eZ©bx ˆZwi
(M) ïaygvÎ K1 Pvwe eÜ Ae¯’vq DÏxc‡Ki eZ©bx‡Z †gvU cÖevngvÎv wbY©q Kiv n‡jv| M¨vjfv‡bvwgUv‡ii cÖevn 0.46 A|
Ki|
(N) DÏxc‡Ki eZ©bxi me¸‡jv Pvwe eÜ Ae¯’vq P1 †iv‡ai Kxiƒc cwieZ©b
Ki‡j M¨vjfv‡bvwgUv‡ii ga¨ w`‡q †Kv‡bv Zwor cÖevwnZ n‡e bv?
MvwYwZKfv‡e we‡kølY Ki|
10 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
(K) ‡Kv‡bv cwievnxi GKK cÖ¯’‡”Q‡`i †¶Îd‡ji ga¨ w`‡q cÖevwnZ cÖevngvÎv‡K [gqgbwmsn †evW© 2024]
cÖevn NbZ¡ e‡j| (K) †Kv‡li mgevq Kx?
(L) wbivcËv wdDR miæ Ges msKi avZzi ˆZwi Kiv nq| KviY, mey Zv‡ii †iva (L) †Lvjv eZ©bx‡Z †Kv‡li `yB cÖv‡šÍi wefe cv_©K¨ Gi Zwo”PvjK kw³i
A‡c¶v †gvUv Zv‡ii †iva †ewk, d‡j wba©vwiZ gv‡bi †ewk Zwor cÖevwnZ mgvb- e¨vL¨v Ki|
(M) kv‡›Ui cÖevn †ei Ki|
n‡j AwZwi³ Zvc Drcbœ n‡e (H = I2Rt) Ges wdDRwU cy‡o wM‡q
eZ©bx‡K i¶v Ki‡e| (N) ÒeZ©bxi kv‡›Ui mv‡_ 5 Ω gv‡bi AviI GKwU †iva ‡kªwY‡Z hy³ Ki‡j
Aciw`‡K, wdDR msKi avZzi (wUb-‡jW A¨vjq) w`‡q ˆZwi nq hvi Mjbv¼ g~j cÖev‡ni 20% M¨vjfv‡bvwgUvi w`‡q cÖevwnZ n‡eÓ – Dw³wUi
cwievnx Zvi (Kcvi) A‡c¶v A‡bK Kg| d‡j, AwZwi³ Zwor cÖev‡ni mZ¨Zv MvwYwZKfv‡e hvPvB Ki|
d‡j mn‡R M‡j wM‡q eZ©bx‡K i¶v Ki‡e| 11 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
(M) ïaygvÎ K1 Pvwe eÜ Ae¯’vq eZ©bxwU wPÎ-1 Gi b¨vq n‡e| (K) kw³kvjx cÖevn cvIqvi Rb¨ GKvwaK †Kvl GK‡Î e¨envi KivB †Kv‡li
eZ©bxi Zzj¨‡iva, mgevq|
1 –1 (L) eZ©bxi Zwo”PvjK kw³ E
R=
1
+
R1 + R2 R3 + R4 Af¨šÍixY †iva r Ges ewnt‡iva R n‡j,
–1 E
= 
1 1 cÖevn, I =
+
5 + 15 20 + 100 R+r
= 17.14 Ω

†Kv‡li `yB cÖv‡šÍi wefe cv_©K¨,

V = E – Ir
wKš‘ †Lvjv eZ©bx‡Z †Kv‡bv cÖevngvÎv †bB|
∴ l=0
Zwo”PvjK ej, E = 6V GLb, V = E – Ir = E – 0 = E
6
∴ †gvU cÖevngvÎv, I = = 0.35 A myZivs, †Lvjv eZ©bxi `yB cÖv‡šÍi wefe cv_©K¨ (V) Zwo”PvjK kw³i (E)
17.14 Gi mgvb|
AZGe, ïaygvÎ K1 Pvwe eÜ Ae¯’vq DÏxc‡Ki eZ©bx‡Z †gvU cÖevngvÎv (M) ‡`Iqv Av‡Q, M¨vjfv‡bvwgUv‡ii cÖevn, lg = 0.46 A
0.35 A. S I G ci¯ú‡i mgvšÍivj mgev‡q Av‡Q, ZvB Zv‡`i wefe cv_©K¨ mgvb
(N) me¸‡jv Pvwe eÜ Ki‡j eZ©bxwU wb¤œiƒc :
n‡e|
awi, AB evûi †iva P n‡j ûBU‡÷vb eªxRwU mvg¨ve¯’vq _vK‡e A_©vr
M¨vjfv‡bvwgUv‡ii ga¨ w`‡q †Kv‡bv we`y¨r cÖevwnZ n‡e bv|
Page 6
 (L) eZ©bx‡Z †Kv‡bv †Kvl hy³ Kiv n‡jv ewnteZ©bxi `yB cÖv‡šÍi wefe cv_©K¨
†Kv‡li `yB cÖv‡šÍi wefe cv_©‡K¨i Zzjbvq wKQz Kgq nq| Gi KviY n‡jv
†Kv‡li Af¨šÍixY †ivaRwbZ ÿq| †Kbbv †Kv‡li Af¨šÍixY †iv‡ai ‡fZi
w`‡q cÖevn Pvjbv Kivi Rb¨ wKQz cwigvY Zwo”PvjK ej ev †fv‡ëR cÖ‡qvRb
nq hv ewnteZ©bx‡Z †Kv‡bv Kv‡R Av‡m bv| GB †fv‡ëR‡KB nviv‡bv
†fv‡ëR ev bó †fv‡ëR e‡j| ZvB, eZ©bxi cÖvwšÍK wefe Zwo”PvjK ej
(E)-Gi †P‡q †QvU nq| G‡K wb‡¤œv³ mgxKi‡Yi gva¨‡g cÖKvk Kiv hvq|
∴ [Link] = [Link] E = V + Ir = V + V'
[Link] 100 × 0.46 GLv‡b, r Af¨šÍixY ‡iv‡ai g‡a¨ I cÖev‡ni d‡j bó †fv‡ëR nj Ir ev V'|
ev, ts = =
S 5 myZivs, Kvh©Ki Zwo”PvjK ej ïaygvÎ †Kv‡li `yB cÖv‡šÍi wefe cv_©K¨ V|
∴ lg = 9.2 A ZvB ejv hvq, eZ©bx‡Z †Kv‡li Zwo”PvjK ej m¤ú~Y© Kvh©Ki nq bv|
AZGe, kv‡÷i cÖevn 9.2 A| (M) wP‡Îi eZ©bx‡Z-
(N) GLv‡b, M¨vjfv‡bvwgUv‡ii †iva, G = 100 Ω 8Ω I 16Ω †kÖwY mgev‡qj Zzj¨‡iva R1 n‡j,
M¨vjfv‡bvwgUv‡ii cÖevn, Ig = 0.46 A R1 = (8 + 16)Ω
= 24 Ω
∴ eZ©bxi Zwo”PvjK ej, E = G × Ig = 100 × 0.46 volt Ges 24 Ω I 32 Ω †kÖwY mgev‡qi Zzj¨‡iva R2 n‡j,
= 46 volt R2 = (24 + 32) Ω
kv‡›Ui †iva, S = 5 Ω = 56 Ω
GLb, kv‡›Ui mv‡_ 5 Ω gv‡bi †iva †kªwY‡Z hy³ Ki‡j kv‡›Ui cwiewZ©Z
†iva, S′ = S + 5 Ω = 5 Ω + 5 Ω = 10 Ω

GLb, R1 I R2 mgvšÍivj mgev‡qj Zzj¨ †iva RP n‡j,

1 1 1
= +
RP R1 R2
1 1 1
⇒ = +
RP 24 56
24 × 56
⇒ RP =
GgZve¯’vq eZ©bxi Zzj¨‡iva, 24 + 56
1 1 –1 1 –1 ∴ R P = 16.8Ω
RP =  +  =  +
1
S′ G 10 100 Avgiv Rvwb,
E
GLv‡b,
= 9.091 Ω I= ‡Kv‡li Af¨šÍixY †iva, r = 0.5Ω
RP +r
E 46 volt 12 eZ©bxi Zzj¨‡iva, 𝑅𝑃 = 16.85Ω
∴ eZ©bxi g~jcÖevn, I = = = = 0.69A
RP 9.091 Ω 16.8 + 0.5 ‡Kv‡li Zwo”PvjK kw³,
= 5.06 A M¨vjfv‡bvwgUvi wew”Qbœ Ae¯’vq Zwor
Ig 0.46 cÖevn, I = ?
GLb, = = 0.9091 AZGe, M¨vjfv‡bvwgUvi wew”Qbœ Ae¯’vq Zwor cÖevn 0.69A| [Ans.]
I 5.06
ev, Ig = 0.09091 × I = I × 9.091% (N)
P 8 1 ‡`Iqv Av‡Q,
myZivs, ÒeZ©bxi kv‡›Ui mv‡_ 5 Ω gv‡bi AviI GKwU †iva †kªwY‡Z hy³ GLv‡b, = =
Q 16 2
Ki‡j g~j cÖev‡ni 20% M¨vjfv‡bvwgUvi w`‡q cÖevwnZ n‡eÓ – Dw³wU mZ¨ R 24 3
1g evûi †iva, P = 8Ω
Avevi, = = 2q evûi †iva, Q = 16Ω
bq| S 32 4
Avgiv Rvwb, 3q evûi †iva, R = 24Ω
ûBU‡÷vb weª‡R mvg¨ve¯’vq, 4_© evûi †iva, S = 32Ω
P R
1| DÏxcKwU jÿ Ki: =
Q S
B
R 1
8 16 awi, Gi gvb Avb‡Z PZz_© evû S Gi mv‡_ cÖ`Ë †iva X e¨envi Ki‡Z
P
S 2
Q
A G C
n‡e| X †iva e¨env‡ii d‡j S Gi cwie‡Z© e¨eüZ ‡iv‡ai gvb n‡e S'|
24
R S
32
X = 16
∴ mvg¨ve¯’vq,
𝑃 𝑅
D =
r = 0.5 𝑄 𝑆′
 (k) 𝑅𝑄 24×16
⇒ 𝑆′ =
+
E = 12V =
𝑃 8
[XvKv †evW©, gqgbwmsn †evW©-2023] ′
∴ 𝑆 = 48𝛺
(K) 1 Kzj¤^ Pv‡R©i msÁv `vI|
A_©vr, S' > S|
(L) eZ©bx‡Z †Kv‡li ZworPvjK ej m¤ú~Y© Kvh©Ki nq bv †Kb?- e¨L¨v
ZvB, CD evû‡Z S Gi mv‡_ X †kÖwY‡Z †hvM Ki‡j PZz_© evû‡Z †iva n‡e
Ki|
(M) M¨vjfv‡bvwgUvi wew”Qbœ Ae¯’vq Zwor cÖevn wbY©q Ki| = (32 + 16)Ω = 48Ω = S' Ges mvg¨ve¯’v m„wó n‡e|
(N) DÏxc‡Ki 'X' †ivawU, weª‡R cÖ`Ë †Kv‡bv GKwU †iv‡ai mv‡_ e¨envi myZivs, DÏxc‡Ki 'X' †ivawU weª‡R cÖ`Ë S †iv‡ai mv‡_ †kÖwY‡Z e¨envi
K‡i mvg¨e¯’v m„wó m¤¢e wKbv? MvwYwZK e¨vL¨v `vI| K‡i mvg¨e¯’v m„wó m¤¢e|
1 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
(K) 1 Kzj¤^ PvR©: †Kv‡bv cwievn‡Ki ga¨ w`‡q 1Amp Zwor cÖevn 1sec mgq
a‡i Pj‡j Gi cÖ¯’‡P‡`i ga¨ w`‡q †h cwigvY PvR© cÖevwnZ nq Zv n‡jv 1
Kzj¤^ PvR©|

Page 7
2|
(K)
T S

light R = 20

M N myZivs, Pvwe eÜ Ki‡j eZ©bxwU ûBU‡÷vb eªxR Gi Abyiƒc nq Ges evwZwU

Dr‡mi mv‡_ mshy³ _vKv m‡Ë¡I G‡Z Zwor cÖevn n‡e bv hw` ûBU‡÷vb
E = 12V eªxRwU mvg¨ve¯’vq _v‡K| ZvB, mvg¨ve¯’vq _vK‡j evwZwU wb‡f hv‡e|
ûBU‡÷vb eªx‡Ri mvg¨ve¯’vq,
M, N Ges S wZbwU †iva hv‡`i gvb h_vµ‡g 18Ω, 36Ω Ges 40Ω| T T M GLv‡b,
=
†ivawU cwieZ©bkxj| cÖv_wgK Ae¯’vq K Pvwe wU †Lvjv †i‡L evwZwU‡Z 2sec S N
M ‡iva, M = 18Ω
mg‡q Drcbœ Zv‡ci cwigvY wbY©q Kiv nq| [ivRkvnx ‡evW©-2023] ⇒T= ×S ‡iva, N = 36Ω
N
(K) Zwor w؇giæ Kv‡K e‡j? 18
⇒ 𝑇 = × 40 ‡iva, S = 40Ω
(L) GKB gv‡bi †Kv‡li mgvšÍivj mgev‡q m‡e©v”P cwigvY ZworcÖevn 36
∴ T = 20 Ω ‡iva, T = ?
cvIqvi †ÿ‡Î Af¨šÍixY †iva Kxiƒc nIqv cÖ‡qvRb? e¨vL¨v Ki|
myZivs, Pvwe eÜ _vKv Ae¯’vq cwieZ©bkxj †iva 'T' Gi gvb 20Ω n‡j
(M) 1g †ÿ‡Î Pvwe †Lvjv Ae¯’vq Drcbœ Zv‡ci cwigvY wbY©q Ki|
eZ©bxwU mvg¨ve¯’vq _vK‡e Ges Gi d‡j evwZ‡Z Zwor cÖevn eÜ n‡q hv‡e|
(N) PvwewU eÜ Ae¯’vq cwieZ©bkxj "T" †iva‡K Kx Ae¯’v Aej¤^b Ki‡j
dj¯^iƒc, evwZwU wb‡f hv‡e|
Drm _vKv m‡Ë¡I evwZwU wb‡f hv‡e? mwVK eZ©bx wPÎ A¼bc~e©K
3|
MvwYwZK we‡kølY Ki|
2 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
(K) Zwor w؇giæ: `ywU mgvb wKš‘ wecixZagx© we›`yPvR© AwZ Aí `~i‡Z¡ Aew¯’Z
n‡j Zv‡K Zwor w؇giæ e‡j|
(L) E Zwo”PvjK ej, R ewnt¯’ †iva Ges Af¨šÍixY †iva r n‡j n msL¨K †Kvl
E
mgvšÍivj mgev‡q _vK‡j cÖevn, I = r
R+
n
𝐸 𝑛𝐸
GLb, r >> R n‡j, Imax = r = [R D‡cÿv K‡i] [Kzwgjøv †evW©-2023]
𝑟
n
myZivs, GKB gvbi †Kv‡li mgvšÍivj mgev‡q m‡e©v”P cwigvY Zwor cÖevn (K) Kvk©‡di 2q m~Î wee„Z Ki|
cvIqvi Rb¨ Af¨šÍixY ‡iv‡ai gvb ewnt¯’ †iv‡ai gv‡bi †P‡q A‡bK †ewk (L) g¨v½vwb‡bi †iv‡ai DòZv mnM 3×10-5K-1 ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
n‡Z n‡e| (M) DÏxc‡K eZ©bxi Ir wbY©q Ki|
(M) Pvwe †Lvjv Ae¯’vq eZ©bxwU wb¤œiƒc n‡e- (N) DÏxc‡K †Kvl `ywU‡K Kxfv‡e hy³ Ki‡j ewnt‡iv‡a AwaK Zvc Drcbœ
n‡e? MvwYwZKfv‡e we‡kølY Ki|
3 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
(K) Kvk©‡di 2q m~Î: †Kv‡bv eÜ eZ©bxi AšÍM©Z †gvU Zwo”PvjK kw³ H eZ©bxi
wewfbœ kvLv¸‡jvi †iva Ges Zv‡`i ga¨ w`‡q cªevwnZ mswkøó we`¨yr
cªevngvÎvi ¸Yd‡ji exRMvwYwZK †hvMd‡ji mgvb|
(L) cÖwZ wWwMÖ †mjwmqvm ZvcgvÎv e„w×i Rb¨ GKK †iva m¤úbœ †Kv‡bv cwievnxi
†iv‡ai †h cwieZ©b nq Zv‡KB H †iv‡ai ZvcgvÎv ¸Yv¼ ev DòZv mnM
evwZ R I S †ivawU †kÖwY mgev‡q hy³ Ges G mgev‡qi Zzj¨‡iva R1 n‡j,
e‡j| Gi GKK oC-1 ev K-1 g¨v½vwbb †iv‡ai mnM 3×10-5K-1 ej‡Z
R1 = R + S = (20 + 40)Ω = 60Ω
Avevi, D³ mgev‡qi mv‡_ N †ivawU mgvšÍivj mgev‡q hy³ GLb, R1 I N †evSvq †h 1Ω†ivawewkó †Kv‡bv g¨v½vwbb cwievnxi ZvcgvÎv 1oC A_ev
†iva؇qi mgvšÍivj mgev‡qi Zzj¨‡iva R2 n‡j, 1K e„w× †c‡j Gi †iva 3×10-5Ω e„w× cv‡e|
1 1 1 1 1 (M)
= + = +
R2 R1 N 60 36
36×60
∴ R2 = = 22.5Ω
36+60
GLb, †k‡lv³ mgev‡qi Zzj¨‡iva R2 I M †ivawU †kÖwY mgev‡q hy³ Ges G
mgev‡qi Zzj¨‡iva ev eZ©bxi Zzj¨‡iva RS n‡j,
RS = R2 + M = 22.5 + 18 = 40.5Ω
E 12
∴ eZ©bx cÖevn, I = = = 0.2963A
RS 40.5
GLb, R I S †iva؇qi †kÖYx mgev‡qi g‡a¨ Zwor cÖevn I1 n‡j, Kvk©‡di 1g m~Îvbymv‡i B we›`y‡Z
N I1 + I2 = I .............(1)
I1 = ×I
R1 +N GLb, AGBCDA jy‡c,
36
⇒ I1 =
60+36
× 0.2963 15I – 12 + 4I1 = 0
∴ I1 = 0.111A ⇒ 15(I1 + I2) – 12 + 4I1 = 0 [(1) bs n‡Z cvB]
Avgiv Rvwb, GLv‡b, ⇒ 19I1 + 15 I2 = 12 .............(2)
2 Ges AFBGAjy‡c,
W = I1 Rt mgq, t = 2s
⇒ W = (0.111)2 × 20 × 2 evwZi †iva, R = 20Ω −14 + 4I2 + 12 − 4I1 = 0
∴ W = 0.493J evwZ‡Z Drcbœ Zvckw³, W = ? ⇒ −4I1 + 4I2 = 2 .................(3)
AZGe, Pvwe †Lvjv Ae¯’vq Drcbœ Zv‡ci cwigvY 0.493J| [B n‡Z G †Z cÖev‡ni w`K I1 Gi wecixZ ZvB '−4I1'†bqv n‡q‡Q]
(N) Pvwe eÜ _vK‡j eZ©bxwU wb¤œiƒc n‡e- (2) I (3) mgvavb K‡i cvB,
I1 = 0.132A, I2 = 0.632A
∴ DÏxc‡K eZ©bxi I1 Gi gvb 0.132A| [Ans.]
Page 8
(N) ‡KvlØq mgvšÍivj mgev‡q hy³ Ki‡j Drcbœ Zvc wbY©q: †iv‡ai mv‡_ †kÖwY‡Z 'X' †iva hy³ Ki‡j 10Ω cvIqv hv‡e| [∵ 1Ω <
ÔMÕ n‡Z cvB, I1 = 0.132A, I2 = 0.632A 10Ω]
∴ mgvšÍivj mgev‡q eZ©bxi cÖevn, ∴ 10 = 1 + X
I = I + I2 ⇒ X = 9Ω
= 0.132 + 0.632 = 0.764A AZGe, 1Ω †iv‡ai mv‡_ †kÖwY‡Z 9Ω †iva hy³ Ki‡j m‡e©v”P 30A Zwor
∴ 15Ω †iv‡a Drcbœ Zvc, cÖevn gvcv m¤¢e n‡e| [Ans.]
H1 = I2Rt 5| 12.5Ω †iv‡ai GKwU Zvi‡K †U‡b wظY K‡i GKwU wnUv‡ii KyÐjx, ˆZwi
∴ H1 = (0.764)2 × 15 × t ..................(4) K‡i G‡Z 220V mieivn jvB‡b hy³ Kiv n‡jv| KyÐjx‡K 30°C Gi
cvwb‡Z wbgw¾Z K‡i 305sec we`¨yr Pvjbv Kiv n‡jv| a‡i wb‡Z n‡e
‡KvlØq †kÖwY mgev‡q hy³ Ki‡j Drcbœ Zvc wbY©q: m¤ú~Y© Zwor kw³ Zvc kw³‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ n‡q‡Q| [PÆMÖvg †evW©-2023]
(K) Kvk©‡di 2q m~Î wee„Z Ki|
Dc‡iv³ Ave× jy‡c Kvk©‡di wØZxq m~Î cÖ‡qvM K‡i cvB, (L) kv‡›Ui †iva k~b¨ ev Amxg †KvbwUI bq -e¨vL¨v Ki|
−12 − 14 + 4I ′ + 4I ′ + 15I ′ = 0 (M) DÏxc‡Ki ZviwUi ˆ`N¨© 12.5 cm I cªš’‡”Q‡`i †¶Îdj 0.1 cm²
⇒ −26 + 23I ′ = 0 n‡j Dcv`v‡bi Av‡cw¶K †iva KZ?
26
⇒ I′ = (N) DÏxc‡Ki cvwb wK dyU‡e? †Zvgvi DËi MvwYwZK we‡køl‡Y `vI|
23
∴ I ′ = 1.13A 5 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
G‡ÿ‡Î, 15Ω †iv‡a Drcbœ Zvc, (K) Kvk©‡di 2q m~Î: †Kv‡bv eÜ eZ©bxi AšÍM©Z †gvU Zwo”PvjK kw³ H eZ©bxi
2
H2 = I ′ Rt wewfbœ kvLv¸‡jvi †iva Ges Zv‡`i ga¨ w`‡q cªevwnZ mswkøó we`¨yr
∴ H2 = (1.13)2 × 15 × t ................. (5) cªevngvÎvi ¸Yd‡ji exRMvwYwZK †hvMd‡ji mgvb|
mgxKiY (5) †K (4) Øviv fvM K‡i cvB, (L) M¨vjfv‡bvwgUvi I my‡e`x ˆe`¨ywZK h‡š¿i ga¨ w`‡q hv‡Z D”PgvÎvi we`¨yr
H2 (1.13)2 × 15× t
cªevwnZ bv n‡Z cv‡i Zvi Rb¨ h‡š¿i mv‡_ mgvšÍiv‡j ¯^í gv‡bi †h †iva hy³
= (0.764)2 Kiv nq, Zv‡K kv›U e‡j| GLb, kv‡›Ui †iva k~b¨ n‡j m¤ú~Y© we`¨yr kv‡›Ui
H1 × 15 × t
∴ H2 = 1.19 × H1 g‡a¨ w`‡q cªevwnZ n‡e| Avevi, kv‡U©i †iva Amxg n‡j m¤ú~Y© we`¨yr
A_©vr, H2 > H1 | M¨vjfv‡bvwgUv‡ii ga¨ w`‡q cªevwnZ n‡e| mvaviYZ kv‡›Ui †iva Ggb nq
myZivs, †Kvl `ywU‡K †kÖwY‡Z hy³ Ki‡j ewnt‡iv‡a Drcbœ Zvc †Kvl؇qi †hb M¨vjfv‡bvwgUv‡i we`¨yr cªevn m‡e©v”P mxgv AwZµg bv K‡i| ZvB,
mgvšÍivj mgev‡qj †ÿ‡Î ewnt‡iv‡a Drcbœ Zvc A‡cÿv AwaK n‡e| kv‡›Ui †iva k~b¨ ev Amxg bv n‡q ¯^í gv‡bi †iva nq|
4| 90Ω ‡iv‡ai GKwU M¨vjfv‡bvwgUv‡ii mv‡_ 1Ω †iva mgvšÍiv‡j hy³ Av‡Q| (M)
eZ©bxi g~j cÖevn 3A| GB M¨vjfv‡bvwgUvi Øviv 3A Gi AwaK Zwor cÖevn Avgiv Rvwb, Zv‡ii †iva, R = 12.5Ω
ρ𝑙 RA
gvcv m¤¢e| [h‡kvi †evW©-2023] R= ⇒ρ= Zv‡ii ˆ`N©¨, l = 12.5cm = 0.125m
A l
(K) Kvk©‡di cÖ_g m~ÎwU wee„Z Ki| 12.5 × 0.1 × 10 −4 Zv‡ii cª¯’‡”Q‡`i †¶Îdj,
= A = 0.1 cm2 = 0.1 × 10-4 m2
(L) Zvgvi Av‡cwÿK †iva 1.56 × 10-8 Ωm ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 0.125
(M) DÏxc‡K 1Ω †iv‡ai ga¨ w`‡q cÖevwnZ Zwo‡Zi gvb wbY©q Ki| = 1×10-3 Ωm Dcv`v‡bi Av‡cw¶K †iva, ρ = ?
(N) DÏxcK Abymv‡i Kx e¨e¯’v MÖnY Ki‡j 30A ZworcÖevn gvcv m¤¢e| AZGe, ZviwUi Dcv`v‡bi Av‡cw¶K †iva †iva 1 × 10-3 Ωm. [Ans.]
4 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi (N) awi, Zv‡ii cªv_wgK ˆ`N¨© Ges †¶Îdj h_vµ‡g L Ges A Zv‡ii cwiewZ©Z
(K) Kvk©‡di cÖ_g m~Î: Zwor eZ©bxi †Kv‡bv ms‡hvM we›`y‡Z wgwjZ cÖevn¸‡jvi ˆ`N¨© Ges †¶Îdj h_vµ‡g L' Ges A'|
exRMvwYwZK mgwó k~b¨ nq| A_©vr,∑I = 0| cªkœg‡Z, L' = 2L
(L) ‡Kv‡bv wbw`©ó ZvcgvÎvq GKK ˆ`‡N©¨i I GKK cÖ¯’‡”Q‡`i †ÿÎdjwewkó GLb, AvqZb AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K e‡j, A'L' = AL
†Kv‡bv cwievnxi †iva‡K H ZvcgvÎvq cwievnxi Dcv`v‡bi Av‡cwÿK †iva ⇒ →A' × 2L = AL
A
e‡j| Zvgvi Av‡cwÿK †iva 1.56 × 10-8 Ωm ej‡Z eySvq †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó ∴ A' =
2
ZvcgvÎvq 1m ˆ`N©¨ I 1m2 cÖ¯’‡”Q‡`i †ÿÎdjwewkó Zvgvi cwievnxi †iva ρL
Avgiv Rvwb, cªv_wgK Ae¯’vq ZviwUi †iva, R =
n‡e 1.56 × 10-8 Ω| A
(M) Avgiv Rvwb, ∴ ewa©Z Ae¯’vq ZviwUi †iva,
ρL′ ρ×2L ρL
IS =
G
×I GLv‡b, R' = = A =4× = 4R = 4 × 12.5 ∴ R′ = 50Ω
G+S A′ A
90 M¨vjfv‡bvwgUv‡ii †iva, G = 90Ω 2
⇒ IS = ×3 kv‡›Ui †iva, S = 1Ω GLb, R' †iv‡ai Drcbœ kw³ Zvi GLv‡b,
90+1
∴ IS = 2.97A [Ans.] 220V jvB‡b hy³ Kivi d‡j wefe cv_©K¨, V = 220V
eZ©bxi g~j cÖevn, I = 3A
V2 cvwbi Av‡cw¶K Zvc,
kv‡›Ui ga¨ w`‡q Zwor cÖevn, IS = ? Drcbœ kw³, W = t
R′ S = 4200 Jkg-1K-1
2202
= × 305 cvwbi cªv_wgK ZvcgvÎv, θ1 = 30°C
(N) M¨vjfv‡bvwgUv‡ii mgvšÍiv‡j †iva (kv›U) hy³ Ki‡j Zzj¨ †iva Kg‡e Ges 50
†iva Kg‡j AwaK cÖevn gvcvv m¤¢e n‡e| ∴ W = 2.952 × 105 J cvwbi ùyUbv¼, θ2 = 100°C
Avgiv Rvwb, GLv‡b, cvwb KZ…©K M„nxZ Zvckw³ = ∴ ZvcgvÎvi cwieZ©b,
G M¨vjfv‡bvwgUv‡ii †iva, G = 90Ω mS∆θ = (100-30) °C = 70 °C = 70 K
S' = cÖkœg‡Z,
n−1
cÖv_wgK Zwor cÖevn, I1 = 3A mgq, t = 305s
90
= mS∆θ = 2.952 × 105 cvwbi fi, m = ?
10−1 cwiewZ©Z Zwor cÖevn, I2 = 30A
∴ S ′ = 10Ω ⇒ m × 4200 × 70 = 2.952
∴ M¨vjfv‡bvwgUv‡ii cvjøv e„w×,
I2 30
× 105
n= = = 10 2.952 × 105
I1 3 ⇒m=
4200 × 70
kv‡›Ui †iva, S' = ? m = 1.004 kg
myZivs M¨vjfv‡bvwgUv‡ii mv‡_ 10Ω †iva mgvšÍiv‡j hy³ Ki‡Z n‡e|
M¨vjfv‡bvwgUv‡ii mv‡_ 1Ω †iva mgvšÍiv‡j Av‡Q| GLb aiv hvK, GB 1Ω myZivs, m‡e©v”P 1.004 kg f‡ii cvwb we`¨gvb _vK‡j cvwb dyU‡e|
[Ans.]

Page 9
6| E GLv‡b,
I=
RP2 +r
9
Zwo”PvjK ej, E = 9V
⇒I= Af¨šÍixY †iva, r = 1Ω
14.67+1
∴ I = 0.574A
Avevi,
RS 1
I2 = ×I
RS1 +RS2
44
= × 0.574
[PÆMÖvg †evW©-2023 22+44
∴ I2 = 0.383A
R ‡iva, R4 = 15Ω
(K) wgUvi weªR Kx? I 4 = 5 × I2
R4 +R5
(L) †Kv‡bv evwZi Mv‡q '100W – 220V' †jLv Av‡Q| ej‡Z Kx eyS? 10 mgq, t = 10min = 600s
= × 0.383 wdD‡Ri mnbxq Zvc, H' = 300J
(M) eZ©bxi Pvwe S †Lvjv Ae¯’vq g~j cÖevn gvÎv KZ? 15+10
(N) DÏxc‡Ki eZ©bxi Pvwe S eÜ Ae¯’vq 10 min Zwor cÖevn Pvjbvi ∴ I4 = 0.153A
d‡j R4 †iv‡ai wdDRwU M‡j hv‡e wK? †Zvgvi DËi MvwYwZK we‡køl‡Y ∴ R4 ‡iv‡a Drcbœ Zvckw³,
`vI| [wdDRwU 300J Zv‡c M‡j hv‡e] H = I42 R4t
6 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi = (0.153)2 × 15 × 600
H = 210.7J
(K) wgUvi weªR: †h h‡š¿ GK wgUvi ˆ`‡N©¨i mylg cÖ¯’‡”Q‡`i †ivawewkó Zvi jvwM‡q
∴ H < H'
ûBU‡÷vb weªR bxwZi mvnv‡h¨ †Kv‡bv ARvbv Zv‡ii Dcv`v‡bi †iva Z_v
‡h‡nZz Drcbœ Zvckw³i gvb wdD‡Ri mnbxq Zvckw³ A‡cÿv Kg| myZivs,
Av‡cwÿK †iva wbYq Kiv hvq Zv‡K wgUvi eªxR e‡j|
DÏxc‡Ki eZ©bxi Pvwe S eÜ Ae¯’vq 10min Zwor cÖevn Pvjbvi d‡j R4
(L) ‡Kv‡bv evwZi Mv‡q '100W – 220V' †jLv Øviv Øviv †evSvq 220V we`y¨r
†iv‡ai wdDRwU M‡j hv‡e|
Dr‡mi mv‡_ hy³ Ki‡j GwU me©vwaK Av‡jv w`‡e Ges cÖwZ †m‡K‡Û 100J 7|
Zwor kw³‡K Av‡jvK I Zvc kw³‡Z iƒcvšÍi Ki‡e|
(M) Pvwe S †Lvjv Ae¯’vq eZ©bxwU wb¤œiƒc-

[ewikvj †evW©-2023]
(K) aviKZ¡ Kx? [Aa¨vq-2]
eZ©bx‡Z R1 I R2 †kÖwY mgev‡q hy³ Ges hv‡`i Zzj¨‡iva,
(L) ‡Kv‡bv e¯‘‡Z Pv‡R©i gvb wbiwe”Qbœ n‡Z c‡i bv| e¨vL¨v Ki|[Aa¨vq-2]
RS = R1 + R2
(M) eZ©bxi AB As‡ki wefe cv_©K¨ KZ?
= 40 + 4
(N) R5 ‡iva AcmviY K‡i eZ©bx m¤ú~Y© Ki‡j g~j cÖev‡ni Kxiƒc cwieZ©b
= 44Ω
Avgiv Rvwb, GLv‡b, n‡e? MvwYwZKfv‡e we‡kølY Ki|
E ‡Kv‡li Af¨šÍixY †iva, r = 1Ω 7 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
I= (K) aviKZ¡: †Kv‡bv avi‡Ki cÖ‡Z¨K cv‡Z †h cwigvY Avavb Rgv _vK‡j Zv‡`i
RS +r
9 eZ©bxi Zzj¨‡iva, RS = 44Ω
= = 0.2A g‡a¨ GKK wefe cv_©K¨ eRvq _v‡K Zv‡K H avi‡Ki aviKZ¡ e‡j|
44+1 ‡Kv‡li Zwo”PvjK kw³, E = 9V
(L) cÖK…wZ‡Z †Kvb e¯‘i me©‡gvU Avavb GKwU wbw`©ó b~¨bZg gv‡bi (e = 1.6 ×
Zwor cÖevn, I = ?
10-19 C) c~Y© msL¨K ¸wYZK| G‡KB Pv‡R©i †Kvqv›Uvqb e‡j| †Kv‡bv e¯‘‡Z
AZGe, eZ©bxi Pvwe S †Lvjv Ae¯’vq g~j cÖevn gvÎv 0.2A| [Ans.]
†gvU Avav‡bi cwigvY B‡jKUª‡bi Avavb A_©vr n‡j, †Kvb e¯‘‡Z †gvU Avavb
(N)
n‡e Q = ne, GLv‡b n Gi gvb abvZ¥K A_ev FYvZ¥K c~Y©msL¨v| Zvn‡j
ejv hvq, †Kvb e¯‘‡Z Avav‡bi gvb wbiwew”Qbœ n‡Z cv‡i bv|

(M) GLv‡b,
eZ©bxi †gvU Zwo”PvjK ej, E = (3 +)V = 6V
R1 I R2 †ivaØq ‡kÖwY mgev‡q hy³ _vKvq Zv‡`i Zzj¨‡iva,
R1 I R2 †kÖwY mgev‡q hy³, hv‡`i Zzj¨‡iva, RS1 = 44Ω [M n‡Z cvB]
RS = R1 + R2 = (10 + 20) Ω = 30Ω
R4 I R5 mgvšÍivj mgev‡q hy³, hv‡`i Zzj¨‡iva RP1 n‡j, Avevi,
1 1 1 1 1
= + = + R3 I R4 †ivaØq †kÖwY mgev‡q hy³ _vKvq Zv‡`i Zzj¨‡iva,
RP1 R4 R5 15 10
15×10 RS' = R3 + R4 = (10 + 20) Ω = 30Ω
∴ R P1 = = 6Ω
15+10 GLb,
GLb, 𝑅𝑃1 I R3 †kÖwY mgev‡q hy³ Ges Zv‡`i myj¨‡iva, RS Ges RS' mgvšÍivj mgev‡q hy³ Ges Zv‡`i Zzj¨‡iva RAB n‡j,
R S 2 = R P1 + R 3 1 1 1 1 1
= + ′ = +
= 6 + 16 RAB RS RS 30 30
30×30
= 22Ω ⇒ R AB =
30+30
‡h‡nZz, PzovšÍfv‡e R S1 I R S2 mgvšÍivj mgev‡q hy³| ZvB G‡`i Zzj¨‡iva ∴ R AB = 15Ω; hv AB As‡ki Zzj¨‡iva|
R P2 n‡j, myZivs, eZ©bxwUi mijxK…Z wPÎ wb¤œiƒc-
1 1 1 1 1
= + = +
RP2 RS 1 R S2 22 44
22×44
∴ R P2 = = 14.67Ω
22+44
∴ eZ©bx‡Z g~j cÖevn,
Page 10
 ⇒ E = (6 + 3)V
∴ E = 9V
R = 10Ω Gi ga¨ w`‡q Zwor cÖevn,
E 9
I= = A ∴ I = 0.86A
RS 10.5
myZivs, eZ©bx-1 Gi ewnt‡iva R Gi ga¨ w`‡q cÖevwnZ Zwor cÖevn
0.86A| [Ans.]
–
‡h‡nZz RAB I R5 †kÖwY‡Z mshy³| myZivs, wefe wefvR‡bi m~Îvbymv‡i AB
(N) eZ©bx-1 G ewnt‡iva R Gi `yB cªv‡šÍq wefe cv_©K¨:
As‡ki wefe cv_©K¨,
RAB (M) n‡Z cvB
VAB = E eZ©bx-1 Gi †ÿ‡Î ewnt‡iva R Gi ga¨ w`‡q Zwor cÖevn, I = 0.86A
RAB +R5
15
⇒ VAB = ×6 ∴ eZ©bx-1 G ewnt‡iva R = 10Ω Gi `yB cÖv‡šÍi wefe cv_©K¨,
15+10
∴VAB = 3.6V V = IR
AZGe, AB As‡ki wefe cv_©K¨ 3.6V| [Ans.] = 0.86 × 10 = 8.6V
eZ©bx-2 Gi ewnt‡iva Gi `yB cÖv‡šÍi wefe cv_©K¨:
(N) R5 †iva hy³ Ae¯’vq eZ©bxi g~j Zwor cÖevn:
eZ©bxi †gvU Zzj¨‡iva, GLv‡b,
R = RAB + R5 R5 = 10Ω
= (15 + 10)Ω ÔMÕ n‡Z cvB-
= 25Ω eZ©bxi †gvU Zwo”PvjK ej, E = 6V
AB As‡ki †iva, RAB = 15Ω
∴ eZ©bxi g~j Zwor cÖevn,
E
I=
R
6
= = 0.24A E we›`y‡Z Kvk©‡di 1g m~Î cª‡qvM K‡i cvB,
25 I1 = I2 + I3 ......................(i)
R5 †iva AcmviY Ki‡j eZ©bxi g~j Zwor cÖevn: ABCDEFGA jy‡c Kvk©‡di 2q m~Î cª‡qvM K‡i cvB,
R5 †iva AcmviY Ki‡j eZ©bxi †gvU Zzj¨‡iva n‡e AB As‡ki Zzj¨‡iv‡ai
10I1 – 6 + 0.3I3 = 0
mgvb|
E 6 ⇒ 10(I2 + I3) – 6 + 0.3I3 = 0 [(i) n‡Z cvB]
∴ G‡ÿ‡Î eZ©bxi g~j cÖevn, I' = = = 0.4A JBCDEKJ jy‡c Kvk‡di 2q m~Î cª‡qvM K‡i cvB,
RAB 15
myZivs, g~j cÖev‡ni cwieZ©b = I' – I 0.2 I2 – 3 + 6 – 0.3I3 = 0
= (0.4 – 0.24)A mgxKiY (ii) I (iii) mgvavb K‡i cvB,
= 0.16A I2 = − 5.75A Ges I3 = − 6.167A
AZGe, RS †iva AcmviY Ki‡j eZ©bxi g~j cÖevn 0.16A e„w× cv‡e| mgxKiY (i) n‡Z cvB,
[Ans.] I1 = I2 + I3 = 6.167 – 5.75 = 0.417A
8| ∴ eZ©bx-2 G R = 10Ω Gi `yB cªv‡šÍi wefe cv_©K¨,
V' = I1R = 0.417 × 10 = 4.17V
†Kv‡li mgevq cwieZ©‡bi d‡j ewnt‡iva R Gi `yB cªv‡šÍi wefe cv_©K¨
cwieZ©‡bi d‡j ewnt‡iva R Gi `yB cªv‡šÍi wefe cv_©‡K¨i cwieZ©b,
∆V = V − V ′
⇒ ∆V = (8.6 – 4.17)V
∴ ∆V = 4.43V
[wm‡jU †evW©-2023] myZivs, †Kv‡li mgev‡qi aib cwieZ©‡bi d‡j ewnt‡iva R Gi `yB cªv‡šÍi
(K) kv›U Kv‡K e‡j? wefe cv_©‡K¨i cwieZ©b nq 4.43V| [Ans.]
(L) wb‡K‡ji †iv‡ai DòZv mnM 6 × 10°C-1 ej‡Z Kx eyS? 9| DÏxcKwU j¶¨ Ki-
(M) eZ©bx-1 Gi ewn‡iva R Gi ga¨ w`‡q cªevwnZ Zworcªevn wbY©q Ki|
(N) †Kv‡li mgev‡qi aib cwieZ©‡bi d‡j ewnt‡iva R Gi `yB cªv‡šÍi
wefe cv_©‡K¨i cwieZ©b nq- eZ©bx-1 I eZ©bx-2 Gi Av‡jv‡K MvwYwZKfv‡e
we‡kølY Ki|
8 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
(K) kv›U: M¨vjfv‡bvwgUvi I my‡e`x ˆe`¨ywZK h‡š¿i ga¨ w`‡q hv‡Z D”PgvÎvi
we`¨yr cªevwnZ bv n‡Z cv‡i Zvi Rb¨ h‡š¿i mv‡_ mgvšÍiv‡j ¯^í gv‡bi †h
†iva hy³ Kiv nq, Zv‡K kv›U e‡j|
(L) cªwZ wWwMª †mjwmqvm ZvcgvÎv e„w×i Rb¨ GKK †ivam¤úbœ †Kv‡bv cwievnxi
[w`bvRcyi †evW©-2023]
†iv‡ai †h cwieZ©b nq, Zv‡K IB †iv‡ai DòZv mnM e‡j| wb‡K‡ji
(K) MvD‡mi m~Î wee„Z Ki| [Aa¨vq-2]
†iv‡ai DòZv mnM 6 × 10-3 °C-1 ej‡Z †evSvq| 1Ω †ivawewkó †Kv‡bv
(L) ms‡e`bkxj ˆe`¨ywZK h‡š¿, kv‡›Ui e¨envi Riæwi †Kb? e¨vL¨v Ki|
wb‡Kj cwievnxi ZvcgvÎv 1°C e„w× †c‡j Gi †iva 6×10-3 Ω e„w× cv‡e|
(M) Pvwe K †Lvjv Ae¯’vq I 3Ω †iv‡ai `yB cªv‡Ái wefe cv_©K¨ wbY©q
(M) eZ©bx-1 Gi Zyj¨ †iva,
Ki|
R S = R + r 1 + r2
(N) Pvwe K Ab Ae¯’vq, eZ©bxi †Kvb evûwU †ewk Zvckw³ Drcbœ Ki‡e?
⇒ RS = (10 + 0.3 + 0.2) Ω
MvwYwZKfv‡e we‡kølY Ki|
∴ R S = 10.5Ω
9 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
†gvU Zwo”PvjK ej,
E = E 1 + E2
Page 11
(K) ‡Kv‡bv e×Z‡ji ga¨ w`‡q AwZµvšÍ †gvU Zwor d¬v· IB Z‡ji Af¨šÍ‡i V2
1
Bulb-1 G Drcbœ Zvckw³, W = t
R1
Aew¯’Z †gvU Zwor Avav‡bi ¸Y| 3.72
ϵ0
(L) mKj ˆe`¨ywZK h‡š¿i ga¨ w`‡q Zwor cªev‡ni GKwU EaŸ©mxgv _v‡K| = ×t
2
ms‡e`bkxj hš¿¸‡jv‡Z EaŸ©mxgvi †P‡q †ewk Zwor h‡š¿i †fZi w`‡q cªevwnZ ∴ W = 3.42t ...................(1)
V2
n‡j †mwU ¶wZMªšÍ n‡Z cv‡i| GRb¨B D”P cªevnhy³ †Kv‡bv Zwor eZ©bx‡Z Ges Bulb-2 G Drcbœ Zvckw³, W ′ = t
R2
hLb Gme hš¿ hy³ Kiv nq, ZLb GKwU ¯^ígvÎvi †ivaK hš¿wUi mv‡_ 3.72
mgvšÍivj mgev‡q ivLv nq, hv‡K mv›U e‡j| G‡Z g~j eZ©bxi cªev‡ni meUyKy = ×𝑡
2
h‡š¿i ga¨ w`‡q hvq bv; eis AwaKvsk cªevnB mv‡›Ui ga¨ w`‡q P‡j hvq| Gi GLb, (2) ÷ (1) n‡Z cvB,
d‡j EaŸ©mxgvi †P‡q †ewk Zwor cªevn h‡š¿i †fZi w`‡q cªevwnZ nq bv Ges W′ 6.84t
= =2
hš¿wUI bó nq bv| GKvi‡Y ms‡e`bkxj ˆe`¨ywZK h‡š¿ mv‡›Ui e¨envi W 3.42t
′
Riæwi| ∴ W >𝑊
(M) Pvwe K †Lvjv Ae¯’vq eZ©bx wbgœiƒc- AZGe, Pvwe K Ab Ae¯’vq eZ©bxi 2q evj¦wU †ewk kw³ Drcbœ Ki‡e|
[Ans.]
10|

eZ©bxi Zyj¨ †iva, RS = R + R1 GLv‡b,

= 3+ 4 Zwo”PvjK ej, E = 12V
∴ RS = 7Ω ‡iva, R = 3Ω [XvKv †evW©-2022]
cª_g ev‡j¦i †iva, R1 = 4Ω mshy³ A¨vwgUv‡ii Af¨šÍixY †iva 0.52Ω.
E
eZ©bxi Zwor cªevn, I = (K) Zwor w؇cvj Kx? [Aa¨vq-2]
RS
12 (L) †Kb PvwR©Z †Mvj‡Ki †K‡›`ª cªvej¨ I wefe DfqB k~b¨ bq? [Aa¨vq-2]
=
7 (M) eZ©bxi A I B we›`yi ga¨eZ©x wefe cv_©K¨ wbY©q Ki|
∴ I = 1.71A (N) eZ©bxi 2Ω †ivawU AcmviY Ki‡j A¨vwgUv‡ii Kx cwieZ©‡b cªevn
∴ 3Ω ‡iv‡ai `yB cªv‡šÍi wefe cv_©K¨, gvÎv cwigvc Kiv hv‡e? MvwYwZKfv‡e hvPvB Ki|
V = IR 10 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
= 1.71 × 3 (K) Zwor w؇cvj: `ywU mgvb wKš‘ wecixZag©x we›`yPvR© AwZ Aí `~i‡Z¡ Aew¯’Z
∴ V = 5.14V n‡j Zv‡K Zwor w؇giæ e‡j|
AZGe, Pvwe K †Lvjv Ae¯’vq I 3Ω †iv‡ai `yB cªv‡šÍi wefe cv_©K¨ (L) PvwR©Z †Mvj‡Ki Af¨šÍ‡i †Kv‡bv Zwor ej‡iLv _v‡K bv| ZvB Amxg n‡Z
5.14V| [Ans.] †Kv‡bv GKK abvZ¥K PvR© †Mvj‡Ki c„‡ô Avb‡Z †h KvR Ki‡Z nq,
(N) Pvwe K Ab Ae¯’vq Ae¯’vq eZ©bx wbgœiƒc- †Mvj‡Ki Af¨šÍ‡i †h †Kv‡bv we›`y‡Z †mB PvR© Avb‡ZI GKB KvR Ki‡Z
nq| ZvB †Mvj‡Ki Af¨šÍ‡i wefe c„‡ô wef‡ei mgvb| Avevi Zwor‡¶‡Îi
dV
†Kv‡bv we›`y‡Z cªvej¨, E = −
𝑑r
†h‡nZy †Mvj‡Ki Af¨šÍ‡i `~iZ¡| Gi mv‡_ wefe V Gi cwieZ©b nq bv| ZvB
E=0
A_©vr, †Kv‡bv PvwR©Z †Mvj‡Ki †K‡›`ª cªvej¨ I wefe DfqB k~b¨ bq|
(M) awi, R1 = 1Ω, R2 = 2Ω, R3 = 1Ω, R4 = 2 Ω Ges E = 10V|
wb‡Pi eZ©bx‡Z Zv wb‡`©k Kiv n‡jv|
4Ω I 2Ω †ivaØq mgvšÍiv‡j Av‡Q Ges Zv‡`i Zzj¨‡iva, Rp (awi)|
1 1 1 GLv‡b,
∴ = +
RP R1 R2
1 1 Zwo”PvjK ej, E = 12V
= + ‡iva, R = 32
4 2
4×2 4
⇒ RP = = Ω cª_g ev‡j¦i †eªva, R1 = 4 Ω
4+2 3
wØZxq ev‡j¦i †iva, R2 = 2Ω
3Ω Gi mv‡_ RP †kªwY mgev‡q Av‡Q| ZvB eZ©bxi Zyj¨‡iva, DÏxc‡K R1, R2 I R3 mgvšÍivj mgev‡q hy³, G‡`i Zyj¨ †iva RAB n‡j,
RS = R + RP 1 1 1 1
4
= + +
RAB R1 R2 R3
=3+ 1 1 1
3 = + +
∴ R S = 4.33Ω 1
1
2
1
1
1
GLb, eZ©bxi Zwor cªevn, = + +
1 2 1
𝐸
I= ∴ RAB = 0.4Ω
RS
12 GLb, RAB I R4 †kªwY mgev‡q E = 10V Gi mv‡_ mshy³|
= A myZivs, †fv‡ëR eÈb m~Î Abyhvqx,
4.33
∴ I = 2.77A VAB =
RAB
×5
evj¦ `yBwU mgvšÍiv‡j Av‡Q Ges Zv‡`i `yB cªv‡šÍi wefe cv_©K¨, RAB +R4 +R5
0.4
V = IRP = × 10
0.4+2+0.5
4
= 2.77 × = 1.38V
3
= 3.7V myZivs, eZ©bxi A I B we›`yi ga¨eZx© wefe cv_©K¨ 1.38V| [Ans.]
hw` evj¦ `ywU t mgq R¡vjv‡bv nq, Zvn‡j-

Page 12
(N) DÏxc‡K `ywU 2Ω gv‡bi †iva we`¨gvb| †Kvb †ivawU AcmviY Ki‡Z n‡e = +
1 1
6 4
Zv ¯úó ejv bvB| a‡i †bB, ewnteZ©bxi †kªwY‡Z hy³ R4 = 2 Ω AcmviY 6+4
=
Kiv nq| myZivs, GLb eZ©bx‡Z R1, R2, R3 I R5, mshy³ Av‡Q (wPÎ)| 6×4
10 -1
= Ω
24
24
∴ R P = Ω = 2.4Ω
10
Avevi, R1 I Rp †kªwY mgev‡q E = 105V Gi †iv‡ai mv‡_ hy³| myZivs
wefe e›U‡bi myÎvbyhvqx,
𝑅
V1 = 1 × 𝐸
𝑅1 +𝑅𝑃
R1, R2 I R3 Gi Zzj¨‡iva, RAB = 0.4Ω ['M' n‡Z cvB] 2
= × 105
eZ©bxi cÖevngvÎv I n‡j, 2+2.4
= 47.73V
Avgiv Rvwb,
∴ R1 = 2Ω ‡iv‡a Drcbœ Zvc,
V = IR V2
V 1 GLv‡b,
ev, I = H1 = t
RAB +R5 R1 wefe cv_©K¨, V1 = 47.73V
10 (47.73)2
= = × 10 ‡iva, R1 = 2Ω
0.4+0.5 2
= 11390.76J mgq, t = 10s
[ÔMÕ n‡Z cvB R1, R2 I R3 Gi Zzj¨‡iva, 𝑅𝐴𝐵 = 0.4Ω]
= 11.11A
DÏxc‡K D‡jøL Kiv Av‡Q, A¨vwgUvi m‡e©v”P 5A cªevngvÎv wbivc‡` cwigvc myZivs, 10 †m‡K‡Û 2Ω †iv‡a Drcbœ Zvc 11.390.76J| [Ans.]
(N) ÔMÕ n‡Z cvB
Ki‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ 2Ω †iva AcmviY Ki‡j eZ©gvb cªevngvÎv 11.11A hv
A¨vwgUv‡ii wbivc` cªevngvÎv n‡Z AwaK| R2 I R3 †iva `ywU mgvšÍivj mshy³ hv‡`i Zyj¨‡iva, RP = 2.4Ω
Avgiv Rvwb, GLv‡b, Avevi,
S A¨vwgUvi cªevn, Ig = 5A R1 I RP ‡iva ‡kÖwY mgev‡q mshy³| G‡`i Zzj¨‡iva RS n‡j,
Ig = ×I
S+G
A¨vwgUv‡ii †iva, G = 0.5Ω R2 = R1 +R P
ev, IgS + IgG = IS = 2 + 2.4
GIg g~j cÖevn, I = 11.11A
ev, S = = 4.4Ω
I−Ig kv‡›Ui †iva, S = ?
5×0.5 GLb A I B we›`yi g‡a¨ '40W – 100V' Gi GKwU evj¦ †kÖwY‡Z ¯’vcb
= Ki‡j eZ©bxi wPÎ wb¤œiƒc-
11.11−5
= 0.4092
myZivs, A¨vwgUv‡ii m‡½ 0.409Ω gv‡bi kv›U mshy³ Ki‡j D³ cªevn
cwigvc Kiv m¤¢e|
11| eZ©bxwU j¶ Ki:

GLb DwjøwLZ ev‡j¦i †iva RB n‡j, Avgiv Rvwb,

V2
P=
RB
[ivRkvnx †evW©-2022] V2
ev, R B =
(K) †Wvwcs Kx? [Aa¨vq-10] P
(100)2
(L) eZ©bx‡Z wdDR e¨envi Kiv nq †Kb? e¨vL¨v Ki| ∴ RB =
40
(M) 10 †m‡K‡Û 2Ω G Drcbœ Zv‡ci cwigvY wbY©q Ki| = 250Ω
(N) A I B we›`yi g‡a¨ '40 W - 100V' Gi GKwU evj¦ †kªwY‡Z ¯’vcb GLb, 250Ω Ges 4.4Ω †kÖwY‡Z mshy³ e‡j; wefe e›Ub m~Î n‡Z Avgiv
Ki‡j Bnv c~Y© D¾¡jZvi mv‡_ R¡j‡e wK bv- MvwYwZKfv‡e hvPvB Ki| cvB,
11 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi RB
ev‡j¦ wefe cZb, VB = ×E
RS +RB
(K) ‡Wvwcs: weï× Aa©cwievnxi mv‡_ Lye mvgvb¨ cwigvY w·hvRx ev c‡hvRx 250
†gŠ‡ji wgkª‡Yi †KŠkj‡K †Wvwcs e‡j| = × 105
250+4.4
(L) ‰e`¨ywZK `yN©Ubv Gov‡bvi Rb¨ eZ©bx‡Z wdDR e¨envi Kiv nq| mvaviYZ = 103.18V
cªwZwU ˆe`¨ywZK h‡š¿i ga¨ w`‡q we`¨yr cªev‡ni GKwU D”Pmxgv _v‡K| V2
B
Ges cÖvß ÿgZv, P =
wbivc‡` hš¿ cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ cªevngvÎv GB mxgvi wb‡P _vK‡Z nq| RB
(103.18)2
cªevngvÎv GB mxgv AwZµg Ki‡j hš¿wU bó nIqvi m¤¢vebv _v‡K| nVvr =
250
cªevngvÎv †e‡o hvIqvi ¶wZ †_‡K hš¿‡K euvPv‡Z eZ©bx‡Z GKwU wbgœ = 42.58W
Mjbv‡¼i Zvi †kªwY‡Z hy³ Kiv _v‡K| G‡KB wdDR ejv nq| cªevngvÎv DwjøwLZ evj¦wU 100V wefe cv_©‡K¨ 40W ¶gZvq cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ ˆZwi
wec`mxgv AwZµg Kivi c~‡e© cªev‡ni d‡j m„ó Zvckw³ GB Zvi‡K Mwj‡q
Ges GLv‡b †mwU 103.18V G ms‡hvM †`qvq 42.58W ¶gZv cv‡e|
†d‡j| hvi d‡j hš¿' bó nIqv wKsev AwMœKvÐ n‡Z i¶v cvIqv hvq|
myZivs wbtm‡›`‡n evj¦wU c~Y© D¾¡jZvi mv‡_ R¡j‡e|
(M) awi, DÏxc‡K R1 = 2Ω; R2 = 6Ω; R3 = 4Ω †iva¸‡jv mshy³ Av‡Q| 12|

R2 I R3 mgvšÍivj mgev‡q hy³, G‡`i Z~j¨‡iva Rp n‡j,

1 1 1
= +
𝑅𝑃 𝑅2 𝑅3

Page 13
 [Kywgjøv †evW©-2022] [h‡kvi †evW©-2022
(K) wgUvi eªxR Kx? (K) Zvob †e‡Mi msÁv `vI|
(L) kv›U Kxfv‡e M¨vjfv‡bvwgUvi‡K i¶v K‡i? (L) eZ©bx‡Z †iv‡ai cª‡qvRbxqZv e¨vL¨v Ki|
(M) DC evû‡Z KZ gv‡bi †iva Kxfv‡e hy³ Ki‡j eªxRwU mvg¨ve¯’v jvf (M) eZ©bxi †gvU cªevn wbY©q Ki|
Ki‡e? (N) R3 Gi mv‡_ KZ †iva, Kxfv‡e mshy³ Ki‡j Gi wfZi w`‡q R2 Gi
(N) M¨vjfv‡bvwgUv‡ii wbt¯ú` Ae¯’vq ABC Ges ADC As‡ki mgvb cªevn cvIqv hv‡e-MvwYwZKfv‡e †`LvI|
cªevngvÎvi AbycvZ, Ges †iv‡ai AbycvZ GKB n‡e wK? MvwYwZKfv‡e 13 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
†Zvgvi gZvgZ `vI| (K) Zvob †eM: we`¨yr cªev‡ni mgq †h Mo †e‡M B‡jKUªb wbgœ wefe †_‡K D”P
12 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi wefe cªv‡šÍi w`‡K avweZ nq, Zv‡K B‡jKUª‡bi Zvob †eM e‡j|
(K) wgUvi eªxR: †h h‡š¿ GK wgUvi ˆ`‡N¨©i mylg cª¯’‡”Q‡`i †ivawewkó Zvi jvwM‡q (K) ‡iv‡ai ag© we`¨yrcªevn‡K evav`vb Kiv| Gi d‡j †iv‡a wefe cZb nq Ges
ûBU‡÷vb weªR bxwZi mvnv‡h¨ †Kv‡bv ARvbv Zv‡ii Dcv`v‡bi †iva Z_v Zvckw³ Drcv`b nq| AwaKvsk †¶‡ÎB Drcvw`Z Zvckw³ bó ev AcPq
Av‡cw¶K †iva wbY©q Kiv hvq Zv‡K wgUvi eªxR e‡j| nq| ZeyI †iva e¨envi Acwinvh©| KviY †iva e¨envi K‡i we`¨yrcªevn Ges
(L) M¨vjfv‡bvwgUvi GKwU my‡e`x hš¿| M¨vjfv‡bvwgUv‡ii ga¨ w`‡q †ewk cwigvY wefe cv_©K¨ wbqš¿Y Kiv hvq| GKwU eZ©bx‡Z GKvwaK hš¿ mshy³ _vK‡j
Zwor cªevn Pvjbv Kiv n‡j GwU bó n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i, Gi w¯úªs wQ‡o †h‡Z ev Zv‡`i cª‡Z¨‡Ki cª‡qvRbxq cªevn Ges wef‡ei gvb wfbœ n‡Z cv‡i| me¸‡jv
cy‡o †h‡Z cv‡i| ZvB M¨vjfv‡bvwgUvi‡K i¶v Kivi Rb¨ Gi mv‡_ mgvšÍivj h‡š¿ cª‡qvRbxq cwigvY cªevn Ges wefe mieivn Kivi Rb¨ Zv‡`i mv‡_
ms‡hv‡M GKwU Aígv‡bi †iva mshy³ K‡i GKwU weKí c‡_i m„wó Kiv nq| wbw`©ó gv‡bi †iva mshy³ Kiv| nq| †iva e¨envi bv Ki‡j me¸‡jv h‡š¿i
kv‡›Ui †iva Kg nIqvq †ewk cwigvY cªevn Gi †fZi w`‡q cªevwnZ nq Ges Rb¨ wbR wbR cª‡qvRb Abyhvqx Avjv`v †Kvl mshy³ Ki‡Z n‡Zv| hvi d‡j
Aí cwigvY cªevn M¨vjfv‡bvwgUv‡ii ga¨ w`‡q cªevwnZ nq| G‡Z eZ©bxi AvKvi Ges eZ©bx ˆZwi‡Z e¨q †e‡o †hZ|
M¨vjfv‡bvwgUvi bó nIqvi nvZ †_‡K i¶v cvq| (M) R1 Ges R2 mgvšÍivj _vKvq Zyj¨‡iva,
(M) awi, DC evûi †iva S' n‡j weªRwU mvg¨ve¯’v cªvß n‡e| 1 1 1 GLv‡b,
= +
𝑅𝑃 𝑅1 𝑅2 eZ©bxi ewnt¯’ †ivamg~n,
Avgiv Rvwb, GLv‡b, 1 1 1
P R P = 8Ω ev, = + R1 = 6Ω,
mvg¨ve¯’vq, = ′ 𝑅𝑃 6 12
Q S 1 6+12 R2 = 12Ω,
Q
Q = 24Ω ev, =
⇒ S' = R × R = 32Ω 𝑅𝑃 6×12 R3 = 18Ω,
P 1 18
S = 40Ω ev, = ‡Kv‡li Zwo”PvjK ej, E = 12V
𝑅𝑃 72
24
ev, S' = 32 × = 96Ω ∴ 𝑅𝑃 = 4Ω Ges Af¨šÍixb †iva, r = 12
8
∵ S' > S, awi, 2q evû‡Z S1 †iva †kÖwY‡Z hy³ Ki‡Z n‡e| g~j Zwor cªevn, i = ?
∴ S' = S1 + S ∴ H mgev‡q †gvU †iva, R = R2 + Rp
ev, S1 = S' − S = 18+4
∴ R = 22Ω
= 69 – 40 E
= 56Ω Avgiv Rvwb, i =
R+r
12
myZivs, DC evû‡Z S †iv‡ai mv‡_ 56Ω †iva ‡kÖwY‡Z hy³ Ki‡j weªRwU = A
22+1
mvg¨ve¯’v jvf Ki‡e| 12
= A = 0.52A
(N) weª‡Ri mvg¨ve¯’vq, IG = 0A Ges eZ©bxwU wbgœiƒc n‡e- 23
AZGe, eZ©bxi †gvU cªevn 0.52A| [Ans.]
(N) ‡h‡nZy R3 = 18Ω g~j eZ©bx‡Z †kªwY‡Z Ges R1 = 6Ω I R2 = 12Ω
mgvšÍiv‡j mshy³| ZvB eZ©bxi g~j cªevn A_©vr R3 Gi cªevn R1 I R2 †Z
wef³ n‡q hv‡e| G Ae¯’vq R3 Gi cªevn R2 Gi mgvb Ki‡Z PvB‡j R3,
Gi mv‡_ wKQy cwigvY †iva mgvšÍiv‡j mshy³ Ki‡Z n‡e| awi, GB †iv‡ai
gvb R4|
GLb R4 mshy³ K‡i cvIqv bZyb eZ©bxwU wb‡P AvuKv n‡jv:

myZivs,
E = I1(P + Q) = I2(R + S') GLv‡b,
I1 R+S′ P = 8Ω
ev, =
I2 P+Q Q = 24Ω
32+96
= R = 32Ω
8+47
=4 S' = 96Ω
awi,
ABC I ADC As‡ki †iva h_vµ‡g R1 I R2 n‡j, eZ©bx‡Z R4 hy³ nIqvq bZyb cªevn = i'
R1 P+Q
= Ges R2 I R3 Gi g‡a¨ cªevn h_vµ‡g i2 I i3
R2 R+S′
=
8+24 GLb, R1 I R2 mgvšÍiv‡j hy³ Ges i' cªevn Zv‡`i g‡a¨ fvM n‡q hvq|
32+96 R1
1 myZivs cªevn wifw³KiY m~Îvbyhvqx, i2 = i'
= R1 +R2
4
AZGe, M¨vjfv‡bvwgUv‡ii wbt¯ú›` Ae¯’vq ABC Ges ADC As‡ki Avevi GKB cwigvY cªevn R3 I R4, Gi g‡a¨ fvM nq e‡j,
R4
cªevngvÎvi AbycvZ Ges †iv‡ai AbycvZ GK bq| i3 = i'
R3 +R4
13| DÏxc‡K GKwU eZ©bx †`Lv‡bv n‡jv: cÖkœg‡Z, i2 = i3
R1 R4 GLv‡b,
ev, × = i'= × = i'
R1 +R2 R3 +R4 ‡iva
R1 +R2 R3 +R4
ev, = R1 = 6Ω,
R1 R4
ev, 1 +
R2
=1+
R3 R2 = 12Ω,
R1 R4 R3 = 18Ω,
R4 = ?
Page 14
 R2 R3
ev, =
R1 R4
R1
∴ R4 = R3 ×
R2
6
= 18 ×
12
=9Ω
myZivs, 9Ω †iva R 3 Gi mv‡_ mgvšÍiv‡j hy³ Ki‡j R 3 Gi g‡a¨ R 2 Gi awi,
mgvb cÖevn cvIqv hv‡e| eZ©bx‡Z R4 hy³ nIqvq bZyb cªevn = i'
14| Ges R1 I R3, Gi g‡a¨ cªevn h_vµ‡g i1 I i3
GLb, R1 I R2 mgvšÍiv‡j hy³ Ges i' cªevn Zv‡`i g‡a¨ fvM n‡q hvq|
myZivs cªevn wefw³KiY m~Îvbyhvqx,
Avevi GKB cwigvY cªevn R3 I R4 Gi g‡a¨ fvM nq e‡j,
R4
i3 = i'
R3 +R4
cªkœg‡Z, i1 = i3
R2 R4
[PÆMªvg †evW©-2022] ev, × i' = i'
R1 +R2 R3 +R4
(K) Zvob †eM Kx? R1 +R2 R3 +R4 GLv‡b,
ev, =
(L) Zwo”PvjK kw³ I wefe cv_©‡K¨i g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ †jL| R2 R4 ‡iva
R1 R3
(M) eZ©bxi cªevn wbY©q Ki| ev, 1 + =1+ R1 = 3Ω
R2 R4
(N) R3 Gi mv‡_ KZ gv‡bi †iva Kxfv‡e hy³ Ki‡j Gi †fZi R1 Gi R1 R3 R2 = 6Ω
ev, =
mgvb cªevn cvIqv hv‡e? MvwYwZKfv‡e †Zvgvi gZvgZ `vI| R2 R4 R3 = 10Ω
R2
14 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi ∴ R4 = R3 × R4 = ?
R1
(K) Zvob †eM: we`¨yr cªev‡ni mgq †h Mo †e‡M B‡jKUªb wbgœ wefe †_‡K D”P 6
wefe cªv‡šÍi w`‡K avweZ nq, Zv‡K B‡jKUª‡bi Zvob †eM e‡j| = 10 × = 20Ω
3
(L) Zwo”PvjK kw³ I weff cv_©‡K¨i g‡a¨ cv_©K¨- myZivs 20Ω †iva R3 Gi mv‡_ mgvšÍiv‡j hy³ Ki‡j R3 Gi g‡a¨ R1 Gi
µg Zwo”PvjK kw³ wefe cv_©K¨ mgvb cªevn cvIqv hv‡e|
1 e× eZ©bxi †Kv‡bv we›`y n‡Z GK e× eZ©bx‡Z †Kv‡li `yB cªv‡šÍi 15|
Kyj¤^ PvR©‡K m¤ú~Y© eZ©bx Nywi‡q wef‡ei gv‡bi cv_©K¨‡K wefe
cybivq H we›`y‡Z Avb‡Z †h KvR cv_©K¨ e‡j|
Ki‡Z nq Zv‡KB H eZ©bxi
Zwo”PvjK kw³ e‡j|
2 ‡Lvjv eZ©bx‡Z Zwo”PvjK kw³i ‡Lvjv eZ©bx‡Z wefe cv_©‡K¨i
gvb k~b¨| gvb e× eZ©bxi Zwo”PvjK [ewikvj †evW©-2022]
kw³i mgvb| (K) Kvk©‡di 1g m~Î wee„Z Ki|
3 e× eZ©bx‡Z Zwo”PvjK kw³i e× eZ©bx‡Z wefe cv_©‡K¨i (L) kv›U wKfv‡e M¨vjfv‡bvwgUvi‡K i¶v K‡i? e¨vL¨v Ki|
gvb wefe cv_©K¨ A‡c¶v e„nËi| gvb Zwo”PvjK kw³ A‡c¶v (M) cª`Ë eZ©bxi g~j Zwor cªevngvÎv wbY©q Ki|-
¶y`ªZi| (N) eZ©bx‡Z 1 wgwbU Zwor cªevn Pj‡j †Kvb †iva‡K †ewk Zvc Drcbœ n‡e?
MvwYwZKfv‡e hvPvB Ki|
(M) R1 I R1 †iva mgvšÍivj mgev‡q hy³| G‡`i Zyj¨‡iva Rp n‡j, 15 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
1 1 1 GLv‡b, (K) Kvk©‡di 1g m~Î: Zwor eZ©bxi †Kv‡bv ms‡hvM we›`y‡Z wgwjZ cªevn¸‡jvi
∴ = +
RP R1 R2
1g †iva, R1 = 3Ω exRMvwYwZK mgwó k~b¨ nq| A_©vr, ∑I = 0
1 1
= + 2q †iva, R2 = 6Ω (L) M¨vjfv‡bvwgUvi GKwU my‡e`x hš¿| M¨vjfv‡bvwgUv‡ii ga¨ w`‡q †ewk cwigvY
3 6
2+1 Zwor cªevn Pvjbv Kiv n‡j GwU bó n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i, Gi w¯úªs wQ‡o †h‡Z ev
= 3q †iva, R3 = 10Ω
6 cy‡o †h‡Z cv‡i| ZvB M¨vjfv‡bvwgUvi‡K i¶v Kivi Rb¨ Gi mv‡_ mgvšÍivj
Zwo”PvjK kw³, E = 6V
1 ms‡hv‡M GKwU Aígv‡bi †iva mshy³ K‡i GKwU weKí c‡_i m„wó Kiv nq|
= kv‡›Ui †iva Kg nIqvq †ewk cwigvY cªevn Gi †fZi w`‡q cªevwnZ nq Ges
2
∴Rp = 2Ω Aí cwigvY cªevn M¨vjfv‡bvwgUv‡ii ga¨ w`‡q cªevwnZ nq| G‡Z
Rp I R3 †iva †kªwY mgev‡q hy³| G‡`i Zyj¨‡iva RS n‡j, M¨vjfv‡bvwgUvi bó nIqvi nvZ †_‡K i¶v cvq|
∴ RS = Rp + R3 (M) R1 I R2 †iva mgvšÍivj mgev‡q hy³| G‡`i Zyj¨‡iva Rp n‡j,
= 2 + 10 1 1 1 GLv‡b,
∴ = +
= 12Ω RP R1 R2
1 1 1g †iva, R1 = 6Ω
∴ eZ©bxi g~j cªevn, I =
E = + 2q †iva, R2 = 3Ω
6 3
RS 2+1
6 = 3q †iva, R3 = 1Ω
= 6
12 1 Zwo”PvjK kw³, E = 12 V
= 0.5A =
2
myZivs, eZ©bxi cªevngvÎv 0.5 A| [Ans.] ∴ R P = 2Ω
(N) ‡h‡nZy R3 = 10Ω g~j eZ©bx‡Z †kªwY‡Z Ges R1 = 3Ω I R2 = 6Ω Avevi, RP I R3 †iva †kªwY mgev‡q hy³| G‡`i Zyj¨‡iva RS n‡j,
mgvšÍiv‡j mshy³| ZvB eZ©bxi g~j cªevn A_©vr R3 Gi cªevn R1 I R2 †Z ∴ RS = RP + R3
wef³ n‡q hv‡e| G Ae¯’vq R3 Gi cªevn R2 Gi mgvb Ki‡Z PvB‡j R3 = 2+1
Gi mv‡_ wKQy cwigvY †iva mgvšÍiv‡j mshy³ Ki‡Z n‡e| awi, GB †iv‡ai = 3Ω
E
gvb R4| ∴ eZ©bxi g~j cªevn, I =
RS
GLb R4 mshy³ K‡i cvIqv bZyb eZ©bxwU wb‡P AvuKv n‡jv: 12
=
3

Page 15
 = 4A 1 1 1
= +
RP R1 R2
myZivs, eZ©bxi cªevngvÎv 4A| [Ans.] 1 1
(N) 'M' n‡Z cvB, eZ©bxi g~j cªevn, 1 = 4A = +
403 806.67
GLb, = 3.721 × 10-3Ω-1
I cªevn ewnteZ©bxi R3 Gi g‡a¨ w`‡q hvq A_©vr I3 = I = 4A ∴ RP = 268.74Ω
Avevi, †h‡nZy I cªevn R3 I R2 Gi g‡a¨ fvM n‡q hvq, ∴ eZ©bxi Zyj¨‡iva, Rsi = Rp + R1
myZivs cªevn wefw³KiY m~Îvbyhvqx, = 268.74 + 806.67
R GLv‡b, = 1075.4Ω
I2 = 1 × I V
R1 +R2 GLv‡b,
6 mgq, t = 1min ∴ eZ©bxi ‡gvU cÖevn, I =
RS 1
= ×4 = 60s 220
wefe cv_©K¨, V = 220V
3+6
8
R =
= A ‡iva, 1 = 6Ω, R2 = 3Ω, 1075.4
3 = 0.205A
8 4 R3 = 1Ω
Ges I1 = I – I2 = 4 − = A Drcbœ Zvc, H = ?, H = ?, ∴ A ev‡j¦i cªvß ¶gZv, P1 = I2R1
3 3 1 2
Avgiv Rvwb, H3 = ? = (0.205)2 × 806.67
Drcbœ Zvc, H = I2Rt = 33.9W
R
R1 †iv‡ai †¶‡Î, H1 = I12R1t Avevi, B ev‡j¦i g‡a¨ Zwor cªevn, I2 = ×I
R+R2
4 2 403
= ( ) × 6 × 60 = × 0.205
3 403+806.67
= 640J = 0.068A
R2 †iv‡ai †¶‡Î, H2 = I22R2t ∴ B ev‡j¦i cªvß ¶gZv, P2 = I22R2
8 2 = (0.068)2 × 806.67
= ( ) × 3 × 60
3 = 3.73W
= 1280 J R †iva AcmviY Ki‡j evj¦ `ywUi ¶gZv:
Ges R3 †iv‡ai †¶‡Î, H3 = I32R3t GLb, R = 403Ω AcmviY Ki‡j eZ©bxi wPÎ wbgœiƒc-
= (4)2 × 1 × 60
= 960 J
GLv‡b, H2 > H3 > H1
myZivs, R2 †iva‡K me‡P‡q †ewk Zvc Drcbœ n‡e|
16| DÏxc‡Ki eZ©bx‡Z `ywU 60W − 220V †jLv evj¦ mshy³ K‡i 220V
Dr‡mi mv‡_ ms‡hvM †`qv n‡jv|
G‡¶‡Î eZ©bxi Zyj¨‡iva, RS2 = R1 + R2
= 806.67 + 806.67
= 1613.34Ω
V
Ges g~j cªevn, I' =
RS2
220
=
[wm‡jU †evW©-2022] 1613.34
(K) †iva Kx? = 0.136A
(L) GKB ZvcgvÎvq wfbœ Dcv`vbwewkó cwievnxi Av‡cw¶K †iva wfbœ nq- ∴ A I B Dfq ev‡j¦i cªvß ¶gZv, P' = I'2R1 = I'2R2 [∵ R1 = R2]
e¨vL¨v Ki| = (0.136)² × 806.67
(M) cª‡Z¨K evwZi wdjv‡g‡›Ui †iva KZ? = 14.92W
(N) DÏxc‡Ki eZ©bx n‡Z 'R' †iva AcmviY Ki‡j A I B evwZi D¾¡jZv myZivs, R = 403Ω †ivaKwU eZ©bx n‡Z AcmviY Ki‡j A ev‡j¦i D¾¡jZv
evo‡e bv Kg‡e-MvwYwZKfv‡e hvPvB Ki| Kg‡e Ges B ev‡j¦i D¾¡jZv evo‡e|
16 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi 17|
(K) †iva: cwievnxi †h a‡g©i Rb¨ Gi ga¨ w`‡q Zworcªevn evavcªvß nq Zv nj
cwievnxi †iva|
(L) Av‡cw¶K †iva e¯Íyi GKwU ag© hvi `iæY e¯Íy Zvi †fZi w`‡q B‡jKUª‡bi
cªevn‡K evav †`Iqvi †Póv K‡i| e¯Íyi Af¨šÍ‡i wew¶ß B‡jKUª‡bi av°vi
cwigv‡Yi Dci wbf©i K‡i Av‡cw¶K †iva| Av‡cw¶K †iva AvKvi ev
AvK„wZ, ˆ`N¨© BZ¨vw` wel‡qi Dci wbf©ikxj bq| eis e¯Íyi Af¨šÍixY ag©,
†hgb- ivmvqwbK MVb, gy³ B‡jKUª‡bi msL¨v, e¯Íy‡Z †fRv‡ji cwigvY [w`bvRcyi †evW©-2022]
BZ¨vw` wel‡qi Dci wbf©i K‡i| ZvB ZvcgvÎv GKB _vK‡jI wfbœ (K) wKk©‡di 2q m~ÎwU wee„Z Ki|
Dcv`v‡bi cwievnxi Av‡cw¶K †iva wfbœ nq| (L) Zworevnx cwievnK PvwR©Z nq wK? e¨vL¨v Ki|
(M) Avgiv Rvwb, (M) eZ©bxwU‡Z Zwor cªevn I Gi gvb wbY©q Ki|
V2 GLv‡b,
P= (N) DÏxc‡Ki eZ©bxi R1 Ges R2 Gi hw` cvi¯úwiK ¯’vb cwieZ©b Kiv nq
R wefe cv_©K¨, V = 220V
V2 Zvn‡j R3 †iv‡a ZvcRwbZ kw³ ¶‡qi nv‡ii cwigvY GKB _vK‡e wK?
∴R= ¶gZv, P = 60W
P MvwYwZKfv‡e hvPvBc~e©K †Zvgvi gZvgZ wjL|
(220)2 †iva, R = ?
= = 806.67Ω 17 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
60
myZivs, cª‡Z¨K evwoi wdjv‡g‡›Ui †iva 806.67Ω| [Ans.] (K) wKk©‡di 2q m~Î: Kvk©‡di 2q m~ÎwU n‡jv- †Kv‡bv eÜ eZ©bxi AšÍM©Z †gvU
(N) R †iva mshy³ Ae¯’vq evjy `ywUi ¶gZv: Zwo”PvjK kw³ H eZ©bxi wewfbœ kvLv¸‡jvi †iva Ges Zv‡`i ga¨ w`‡q
'M' n‡Z cvB, cªwZwU ev‡j¦i †iva 806.67Ω cªevwnZ mswkøó we`¨yr cªevngvÎvi ¸Yd‡ji exRMvwYwZK †hvMd‡ji mgvb|
(L) Zworevnx cwievnK Zwor cwien‡bi mgq PvwR©Z nq bv| Avgiv Rvwb,
wPÎ n‡Z cvB, R Ges R2 mgvšÍivj mgev‡q hy³| G‡`i Zzj¨‡iva Rp n‡j,
cwievnxi Af¨šÍ‡i gy³ B‡jKUªbB Zwor cwien‡bi KvR K‡i| †h‡nZy

Page 16
 cwievnxi Af¨šÍ‡i B‡jKUªb AMwYZ msL¨vq _v‡K ZvB †mLv‡b weKl©Y ejI
A‡bK †ewk _v‡K| weKl©Y e‡ji gvb me©wbgœ Kivi Rb¨ B‡jKUªb¸‡jv c„‡ôi
Pviw`‡K Qwo‡q c‡o| GRb¨ cwievnxi Af¨šÍ‡i wbU PvR© k~b¨ nq| g~jZ,
Zworcwievnx cwievnK Zwor cwien‡bi KvR K‡i ZvB GwU PvwR©Z nq bv|
(M) R2 I R3 †ivaØq mgvšÍiv‡j hy³| G‡`i Zyj¨‡iva RP n‡j,
1 1 1 GLv‡b, 1g †iva, R1 = 12Ω
= +
RP R1 R2
1 1 2q †iva, R2 = 16Ω
= + 3q †iva, R3 = 12Ω
[gqgbwmsn †evW©-2022]
16 12
7 (K) Zwor cªev‡ni Rb¨ Zvc Drcv`b msµvšÍ Ry‡ji m~ÎwU wee„Z Ki|
= Zwo”PvjK kw³, E = 20V (L) nviv‡bv †fv‡ëi gvb 2V ej‡Z Kx eyS?
48
48
∴ R P = = 6.857Ω (M) wPÎ-1 n‡Z wKk©‡di m~‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ cªevngvÎv wbY©q Ki|
7
GLb, RP †iva R1 Gi mv‡_ †kªwY‡Z hy³| G‡`i Zyj¨‡iva RS n‡j, (N) wPÎ-2 G M I N cªv‡šÍ wPÎ-1 G e¨eüZ wZbwU †ivaK‡KB Kxfv‡e
R S = R P + R1 eZ©bx ms‡hvM †`qv n‡j m‡e©v”P Zwor cªevn cvIqv m¤¢e? eZ©bx wPÎmn
= 6.857 + 12 MvwYwZKfv‡e e¨vL¨v Ki|
= 18.857Ω 18 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
E 20 (K) Zwor cªev‡ni Rb¨ Zvc Drcv`b msµvšÍ Ry‡ji m~Î: we`¨yrevnx cwievnxi
∴ cªevngvÎv, i = = = 1.061A
RS 18.857 †iva (R) I we`¨yr cªevnKvj (t) AcwiewZ©Z _vK‡j cwievnx‡Z we`¨yr
myZivs, eZ©bxi cªevngvÎv 1.061A| [Ans.] cªev‡ni `iæY Drcbœ Zvc (H) we`¨yr cªevngvÎvi (I) e‡M©i mgvbycvwZK|
(N) 'M' n‡Z cvB, eZ©bxi Zworcªevn I = 1.061A A_©vr, H ∝ I2
Zworcªevn wefw³KiY m~Îvbyhvqx R3 Gi g‡a¨ cªevn I3 n‡j, (L) nviv‡bv †fv‡ëi gvb 2V ej‡Z eySvq Zwor cªev‡ni `iæY †Kv‡li Af¨šÍ‡i
R2
I3 = ×I 2V Zwo”PvjK kw³ bó nq| GKwU Av`k© †Kv‡li Af¨šÍixY †iva k~b¨ nIqv
R2 +R3
16 DwPr| wKš‘ ev¯Í‡e †Kv‡bv †Kv‡li Af¨šÍixY †iva k~b¨ nq bv| ZvB eZ©bx‡Z
= × 1.061
16+16 cªevn I n‡j Ges Af¨šÍixY †iva r n‡j †Kv‡li Af¨šÍ‡i Ir cwigvY wefe
= 0.606A cZb nq| G‡K nviv‡bv †fv‡ëR e‡j| cwZZ wefe‡K †Kv‡bv Kv‡R iƒcvšÍi
∴ R3 Gi ZvcRwbZ kw³ ¶‡qi nvi ev cªvß ¶gZv,
Kiv hvq bv| myZivs, nviv‡bv †fv‡ëR 2V gv‡b †Kv‡li Af¨šÍ‡i cªev‡ni
P = I32R3
Rb¨ bó nIqv †fv‡ë‡Ri gvb 2V|
= (0.606)2 × 12
(M)
GLb, R1 I R2 ¯’vb wewbgq Ki‡j eZ©bxi wPÎ n‡e wbgœiƒc-

wPÎ-1 G ewnteZ©bxi Zyj¨‡iva R n‡j, R = (10 + 10 + 10) Ω = 30

GLb, R1 I R3 mgvšÍivj mgev‡qi Zyj¨‡iva R'P n‡j, Ω
1 1 1 1 1 wPÎ-1 n‡Z Kvk©‡di m~Îvbyhvqx, we`¨yr cªevn I n‡j,
′ =
RP
+ = +
R1 R3 12 12
E1 + E2 + E3 = Ir1 + Ir2 + Ir3 + IR
∴ R'P = 6 E +E +E GLv‡b,
Ges, eZ©bxi Zyj¨‡iva R'S n‡j, ev, I = 1 2 3
r1 +r2 +r3 +R
10+10+10 Zwo”PvjK kw³, E1 = E2
R′S = R 2 + R′P = = E3 = 10V
1+1+1+30
= 16 + 6 = 0.909A Af¨šÍixY †iva, r2 = r3
= 22Ω
𝑉 = r3 = 1Ω
∴ eZ©bxi cwiewZ©Z g~j cªevn, I' = ewnteZ©bxi †iva, R = 30Ω
R′S
20 Zwor cªevn, I = ?
=
22
AZGe, wPÎ-1 Gi cªevngvÎv 0.909A |
= 0.909A
(N) ‡Kv‡li mgvšÍivj mgev‡qi †¶‡Î Avgiv Rvwb,
†h‡nZy, R1 I R3 mgvšÍivj mgev‡qi Dfq †iv‡ai gvb mgvb| mE
IP = GLv‡b,
myZivs, r+mR′
I′ 3×10 ‡Kv‡li msL¨v, m = 3
I1′ = I3′ = =
1+3R′ †Kv‡li kw³, E = 10V
2
0.909 30
= = †Kv‡li Af¨šÍixY †iva r = 1Ω
2 1+3R′
= 0.455A ewnteZ©bxi †iva = R' (awi)
30
∴ R3 Gi ZvcRwbZ kw³i ¶‡qi nvi ev ¶gZv, ∴ IP = ...................(1)
1+3R′
P' = I'32 R3 mgxKiY (1) n‡Z †`Lv hvq ewnteZ©bxi †iva R' Ges cªevngvÎv IP ci¯ú‡ii
= (0.455)2 × 12 e¨¯Ívbycv‡Z cwiewZ©Z nq| myZivs R' Gi gvb hZ Kg n‡e IP Gi gvb ZZ
= 2.484W †ewk n‡e|
P′ 2.484
GLv‡b, = = 0.563 Avgiv Rvwb, GKB gv‡bi GKvwaK †iva †kªwY‡Z hy³ Ki‡j Zyj¨‡iva e„w×
P 4.407
P′ cvq Ges mgvšÍiv‡j hy³ Ki‡j Zyj¨‡iva nªvm cvq|
ev, < 1 GLb, wPÎ-1 Gi †iva wZbwU mgvšÍivj mgev‡q hy³ Ki‡j,
P
AZGe, R1 I R2 cvi¯úwiK ¯’vb wewbgq Ki‡j R3 †iv‡a ZvcRwbZ kw³ 1 1 1 1 3
R ′ = 10
+ + =
10 10 10
¶‡qi nvi nªvm cv‡e| 10
18| ∴ R′ = Ω = 3.33Ω
3
30
∴ m‡e©v”P Zwor cÖevn, IP = [(1) bs mgxKiY n‡Z]
1+3×3.33

Page 17
 = 2.72A =1
myZivs, m‡e©v”P cªevn cvIqvi Rb¨ wPÎ-1 e¨eüZ 10Ω Gi wZbwU †ivaK‡K A_©vr, cª‡Z¨K †iva‡Ki ga¨w`‡q cªevwnZ cªevngvÎvi †gvU gvb g~j cªev‡ni
mgvšÍivj mgev‡q M I N cªv‡šÍ hy³ Ki‡Z n‡e hv wb‡gœv³ wP‡Î `ªóe¨| mgvb n‡e|
20|

[XvKv †evW©-2021]
19| GKwU eZ©bx‡Z 15Ω I 20Ω gv‡bi `ywU †ivaK‡K mgvšÍivj mgev‡q mvwR‡q (K) Zvcxq mgZv Kx?
9 Volt Zwo”PvjK kw³i mv‡_ hy³ Kiv‡Z Zv‡Z 1A Zwor cªevwnZ n‡jv| (L) D”P Af¨šÍixY †iva wewkó GKvwaK e¨vUvixi †Kvb ai‡bi ms‡hv‡M †ewk
[XvKv †evW©-2021] we`¨yr cªevn cvIqv hv‡e- e¨vL¨v Ki|
(K) cªZ¨veZ©x cªwµqv Kv‡K e‡j? [Aa¨vq-1] (M) wPÎ-2 Gi eZ©bx‡Z m‡e©v”P we`¨yr cªevn KZ n‡e wbY©q Ki|
(L) Zwor cªev‡ni d‡j eZ©bx‡Z Zvc Drcbœ nq wK? e¨vL¨v Ki| (N) DÏxc‡Ki eZ©bx؇q †iv‡ai mv‡_ Drcbœ Zv‡ci †jLwP‡Îi †Kv‡bv
(M) †Kv‡li Af¨šÍixY †iv‡ai gvb KZ? ˆemv`„k¨ cwijw¶Z n‡e wK? we‡kølYmn gZvgZ `vI|
(N) cª‡Z¨K †iva‡Ki ga¨w`‡q cªevwnZ cªevngvÎvi †gvU gvb, g~j cªev‡ni 20 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
mgvb n‡e wKbv- MvwYwZKfv‡e hvPvB Ki| (K) Zvcxq mgZv: GKK cwigvY Zvc Drcbœ Ki‡Z †h cwigvY KvR m¤úbœ Ki‡Z
19 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi nq, Zv‡K Zvcxq mgZv e‡j|
(K) cÖZ¨veZ©x cªwµqv: †h cªwµqv wecixZgyLx n‡q cªZ¨veZ©b K‡i Ges m¤§yLeZ©x I (L) Avgiv Rvwb, e¨vUvwii †kªwY mgev‡q Zwor cªevn,
wecixZgyLx cªwµqvi cªwZ ¯Í‡i Zvc I Kv‡Ri djvdj mgvb I wecixZ nq, nE
IS =
†m cªwµqv‡K cªZ¨veZ©x, cªwµqv e‡j| R+nr
hLb e¨vUvwii †gvU Af¨šÍixY †iva (nr) ewnt‡iva (R) Gi Zyjbvq A‡bK eo
(L) Zwor cwievnx‡Z †ek wKQymsL¨K gy³ B‡jKUªb _v‡K| cwievnxi `yB we›`yi
g‡a¨ wefe cv_©K¨ m„wó n‡j gy³ B‡jKUªb¸‡jv AvšÍtAvYweK ¯’v‡bi ga¨w`‡q nq (nr >> R) ZLb R †K D‡c¶v Kiv nq|
nE E
cwievnxi wbgœ-wefe wewkó we›`y †_‡K D”P-wefe wewkó we›`yi w`‡K Pj‡Z IS = =
nr r
_v‡K, d‡j Zworcªev‡ni m„wó nq| G B‡jKUªb¸‡jv Pjvi mgq cwievnxi myZivs, hLb e¨vUvwii †gvU Af¨šÍixY †iva ewnt‡iv‡ai †P‡q A‡bK †ewk nq
cigvYyi mv‡_ msN‡l© wjß nq Ges B‡jKUª‡bi MwZkw³ cigvYy‡Z mÂvwjZ ZLb GKwU e¨vUvwi e¨envi K‡i †h Zwor cªevn cvIqv hvq, n msL¨K Abyiƒc
nq Ges cigvYyi MwZkw³ Av‡iv e„w× cvq| G ewa©Z MwZkw³ Zv‡c iƒcvšÍwiZ e¨vUvwi‡K †kªwY mgev‡q hy³ Ki‡jI GKB cªevngvÎv cvIqv hvq| Avevi,
nq Ges cwievnxi ZvcgvÎv e„w× cvq| GRb¨ Zwor cªev‡ni d‡j eZ©bx‡Z e¨vUvwii mgvšÍivj mgev‡q ZworcÖevn,
Zv‡ci D™¢e nq| nE
IP =
(M) nr+R
‡ivaKØq mgvšÍivj mgev‡q mshy³ ‡`Iqv Av‡Q, hLb e¨vUvwii Af¨šÍixY †iva (r) ewnt‡iva (R)-Gi †P‡q A‡bK †ewk nq
_vKvq Zv‡`i Zyj¨‡iva RP n‡j, cª_g †iva, R1 = 150 A_©vr, (r>> nR) nq ZLb| Gi Zyjbvq nR-‡K D‡c¶v K‡i †jLv hvq,
nE
1
= +
1 1 wØZxq †iva, R2 = 20 Ω IP =
r
RP R1 R2
1 1 Zwo”PvjK kw³, E = 9V myZivs, e¨vUvwii Af¨šÍixY †iva ewnt‡iv‡ai †P‡q A‡bK †ewk n‡j GKwU
= + Zwor cªevn, I = 1 A e¨vUvwi e¨envi K‡i †h cwigvY Zwor cªevn cvIqv hvq, n msL¨K Abyiƒc
15 20
4+3
= †Kv‡li Af¨šÍixY †iva, r = ? e¨vUvwii mgvšÍivj mgev‡q hy³ Ki‡j n ¸Y ZworcÖevn cvIqv hv‡e| myZivs,
60
D”P Af¨šÍixY †ivawewkó GKvwaK e¨vUvwii mgvšÍivj ms‡hv‡M †ewk we`¨yr
1 7 cªevn cvIqv hv‡e|
∴ =
RP 60
60 (M)
⇒ RP = V cwieZ©bkxj †iva R Gi Rb¨-
7 Avgiv Rvwb, I =
R
∴ R P = 8.57Ω cwieZ©bkxj †iva Gi Rb¨ ZworcÖevn, me©wb¤œ †iva, R1 = 20Ω
E
Avevi, I = V m‡e©v”P †iva, R1 = 200Ω
RP +r I1 =
9 R1 wefe, V = 20V
⇒I= 20
8.57+r = = 1A R1 Gi Rb¨ we`¨yr cªevn, I1 = ?
20
⇒ 8.57 + r = 9 R2 Gi Rb¨ we`¨yr cªevn, I2 = ?
⇒ r = 9 − 8.57 V
∴ r = 0.43Ω Ges, I2 =
R2
myZivs, †Kv‡li Af¨šÍixY †iva 0.43 Ω| [Ans.] =
20
= 0.1A
200
(N)
Avgiv Rvwb, ‡`Iqv Av‡Q,
R2
myZivs, wPÎ-2 Gi eZ©bxwU‡Z me©wb¤œ †iva (R1) 20Ω Gi Rb¨ m‡e©v”P
I1 = ×I cª_g †iva, R1 = 15Ω
R1 +R2 we`¨yr cªevn 1A cvIqv hvq|
20 wØZxq †iva, R2 = 20 Ω
= ×I (N) DÏxc‡Ki wPÎ-1 Gi eZ©bx‡Z †iva R, wefe V cwieZ©bkxj Ges Zwor
15+20 Zwo”PvjK kw³, E = 9V
= 0.57A cªevn I aªæeK|
Af¨šÍixY †iva, r = 0.43 Ω
Avevi, Avgiv Rvwb, Drcbœ Zvc, H = I2Rt
g~j Zwor cªevn, I = 1A
R1 †h‡nZy, Zwor cªevn I aªæeK; †m‡nZy t aªæeK n‡j H ∝ R nq|
I2 = ×I R1 †iv‡ai ga¨ w`‡q Zwor cªevn, I1 =?
R1 +R2 ZLb †jLwPÎwU wbgœiƒc n‡e-
=
15
×I R2 †iv‡ai ga¨ w`‡q Zwor cªevn, I2 = ?
15+20
= 0.43A
∴ I1 + I2 = 0.57 + 0.43
= 1A
Page 18
 Ges wPÎ-2 Gi eZ©bx‡Z wefe (V) aªæeK Ges cwieZ©bkxj †iva (R) Gi 22| DÏxc‡Ki eZ©bxwUi cªevngvÎv wbY©‡qi Rb¨ A¨vwgUv‡ii cvV †bqv n‡jv|
V2 cieZ©x‡Z 5Ω †iv‡ai GKwU cwievnx Zvi‡K B I C we›`y‡Z hy³ K‡i
Rb¨ Drcbœ Zvc, H = t
R cybivq A¨vwgUv‡ii cvV †bIqv n‡jv|
1
H ∝ [hLb, wefe V, t aªæeK]
R
ZLb, †jLwPÎwU AvqZvKvi Awae„Ë n‡e|

[ivRkvnx †evW©-2021]
(K) wK‡jvIqvU-NÈv Kx?
21| 200V I 1000W wbg¾K GKwU wnUvi 15 wgwb‡U 2.57kg cvwbi (L) cwievnxi AwZcwievnxZv e¨vL¨v Ki|
ZvcgvÎv 20°C n‡Z 95°C e„w× Ki‡Z cv‡i| [ivRkvnx †evW©-2021] (M) cª_g †¶‡Î eZ©bxi Zyj¨‡iva wbY©q Ki|
(K) Zvc Drcbœ m¤úwK©Z Ry‡ji 1g m~ÎwU wee„Z Ki| (N) †Kvb †¶‡Î A¨vwgUv‡ii cvV †ewk n‡e? MvwYwZK we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g
(L) kv‡ëi †iva k~b¨ ev Amxg nq wKbv? e¨vL¨v Ki| †`LvI|
(M) wnUviwUi ˆe`¨ywZK †iva KZ? wbY©q Ki| 22 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
(N) MvwYwZK we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g wnUviwUi `¶Zv m¤ú‡K© gšÍe¨ Ki| (K) wK‡jvIqvU NÈv: GKwK‡jvIqvU ÿgZv m¤úbœ †Kv‡bv hš¿ GK N›Uv KvR
21 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi Ki‡j †h ˆe`¨ywZK kw³ e¨q wK‡jvIqvU-N›Uv (kWh) e‡j|
(K) Ry‡ji Zvcxq wµqvi 1g m~Î: we`¨yrevnx cwievnxi †iva (R) I we`¨yr (L) cwievaxi AwZcwievnxZv: AwZcwievnxZv n‡jv wKQy wbw`©ó c`v‡_© cwijw¶Z
cªevnKvj (t) AcwiewZ©Z _vK‡j cwievnx‡Z we`¨yr cªev‡ni `iæY Drcbœ Zvc GK ai‡bi we‡kl †fŠZ ˆewkó¨| AwZ wbgœ ZvcgvÎq wKQy cwievnx c`v‡_©i
(H) we`¨yr cªevngvÎvi (I) e‡M©i mgvbycvwZK| †iva k~‡b¨ †b‡g Av‡m| GmKj c`v_©‡K AwZcwievnx (super conductor)
(L) g‡b Kwi, G †iv‡ai GKwU M¨vjfv‡bvwgUv‡ii `yB cÖvšÍ A I B-Gi mv‡_ e‡j| c`v‡_©i G ag©‡K AwZcwievnxZv e‡j| D`vniY¯^iƒc 4.2K ZvcgvÎvi
¯^ígv‡bi †ivaK (S) mgvšÍiv‡j hy³ Av‡Q| GB S †ivaKB n‡”Q kv›U| wb‡P cvi` AwZcwievnxZv cª`k©b K‡i| AwZcwievnx Zv‡ii GKwU jy‡ci
g‡a¨ we`¨yr cªevn †Kv‡bv evwn¨K kw³ QvovB Awbw`©óKv‡ji Rb¨ Pj‡Z
_v‡K|
(M) DÏxc‡K R1, R2 †ivaØq mgvšÍiv‡j mshy³ _vKvq G‡`i Zyj¨‡iva, RP
n‡j,
1 1 1 ‡`Iqv Av‡Q,
= +
RP R1 R2
1 1 R1 = 10Ω
= + R2 = 20Ω
kv‡›Ui †iva k~b¨ n‡j mKj we`¨yr cªevn kv‡›Ui ga¨w`‡q cªevwnZ n‡e| G‡Z 10 20
2+1 R3 = 30Ω
M¨vjfv‡bvwgUv‡i †Kv‡bv we‡¶c ev cvV †`Lv w`‡e bv| c¶všÍ ‡i kv‡›Ui †iva =
20
1 3 RP = ?
Amxg n‡j mKj we`¨yr cªevn M¨vjfv‡bvwgUv‡i g‡a¨ w`‡q cÖevwnZ n‡e| G‡Z ∴ =
RP 20 RS = ?
M¨vjfv‡bvwgUviwU bó n‡q hv‡e| ZvB kv‡›Ui ‡iva k~b¨ ev Amxg †Kv‡bvwUB 20
n‡e bv| ∴ RP = Ω
3
(M)
Avevi, RP Gi mv‡_ R3 †iva †kªwY‡Z mshy³ _vKvq G‡`i Zyj¨‡iva RS
Avgiv Rvwb, GLv‡b,
n‡j,
V2 wefe, V = 200 V
P= RS = RP + R3
R ¶gZv, P = 1000 W
V2 20
⇒R= = + 30
P †iva, R = ? 3
20+90 110
(200)2 = =
= = 40Ω 3 3
1000
myZivs, wnUviwUi ˆe`¨ywZK †iva 40Ω| [Ans.] ∴ RS = 36.67Ω
myZivs, cª_g †¶‡Î eZ©bxi Zyj¨‡iva 36.67Ω| [Ans.]
(N)
(N) 1g †¶‡Î A¨vwgUv‡ii cvV n‡”Q eZ©bxi g~j cªev‡ni mgvb|
Avgiv Rvwb, GLv‡b,
W Avgiv Rvwb, Zwor cªevn, GLv‡b,
Pout = mgq, t = 15 min mE
t I= Zwo”PvjK kw³,
H = 15 × 60s mR+r
= 2E E = E 1 + E2 = E3 + E4
t = 900s =
mS∆θ 2R+0 = (2+3)V = 5V
= fi, m = 2.57 kg E
t = Af¨šÍ ixY †iva, r = 0Ω
2.57×4200×75 ZvcgvÎvi cwieZ©b, R
= E mgvšÍivj mvwii msL¨v, m = 2
900 Δθ = (95-200)°C = [∵ 1g †¶‡Î, R = 110
= 899.5W = 75°C
RS 1g †¶‡Î Zzj¨‡iva, RS = Ω
RS] 3
= 75 K 5 15 1g †¶‡Î A¨vwgUvi cvV, I = ?
cvwbi Av‡cw¶K Zvc, S = 4200 Jkg-1K-1 = 110 = A = 0.136A
110
3
cª`Ë ¶gZv, Pin = 1000 W GLb, 2q †¶‡Î B Ges C we›`y‡Z, R4 = 5Ω †iva mshy³ Ki‡j m¤ú~Y©
cªvß ¶gZv, Pout = ? eZ©bxwUi bZzb Zzj¨‡ivawU n‡e (RS')
Pout
∴ `¶Zv = × 100%
Pin
899.5
= × 100%
1000
= 89.95%
myZivs, wnUviwUi `¶Zv n‡e 89.95%| [Ans.]

Page 19
 Avgiv Rvwb, ‡`Iqv Av‡Q, R = RS + RP
1 1 1 R3 = 30Ω = 30 + 15
′ =
RP R3
+
R4
1 1 1+6 7
R4 = 5Ω = 45Ω
= + = = mgvšÍivj mgev‡q R3 I R4 †iva Pvwe (S) †Lvjv Ae¯’vq Zwor cªevn, I =
E
30 5 30 30
30 R
∴ R′P = Ω `y'wUi Zyj¨‡iva, RP' = ? 15 1
7 = = A
RS' = ? 45 3
20 VS = IRS
∴ R′S = R P + R′P ['M' bs n‡Z cvB, RP = Ω] 1
3
230 = × 30 = 10V
∴ R′S = Ω 3
21 ∴ †fvëwgUvi cvV = E – VS
ZLb, eZ©bxi †gvU Zwor cªevn,
2E = 15 – 10 = 5V
I' = myZivs, Pvwe (S) †Lvjv Ae¯’vq eZ©bxi †fvëwgUv‡ii cvV 5V| [Ans.]
2R+0
E
= (N) Pvwe S eÜ K‡i w`‡j eZ©bxwU kU© mvwK©U n‡e d‡j R1 Ges R2 †iv‡ai
R
5 ga¨w`‡q Zwor cªevwnZ n‡e (wPÎ)|
= 230 [∵ R = R′S ]
21
105
= A = 0.46A
230
‡h‡nZy, R3 Gi ga¨ w`‡q cªevwnZ Zwor cªev‡ni gvbB n‡e wb‡Y©q A¨vwgUvi
cvV, I3' AZGe,
R4
I 3' = × I′
R3 +R4
5×0.46 Zyj¨‡iva, RS = R1 + R2 GLv‡b,
=
30+5 1g †iva, R1= 10Ω
=10 + 20
= 0.066A
= 30Ω 2q †iva, R2 = 20 Ω
GLv‡b, I > I3'.
Ges Pvwe S †Lvjv Ae¯’vq A¨vwgUvi
myZivs, 1g †¶‡Î A¨vwgUvi cvV †ewk n‡e| [Ans.] E 1
23| Zwor cªevn, I' = cvV, I = A = 0.33 A
RS 3
15 Pvwe S eÜ Ae¯’vq A¨vwgUvi cvV,
=
30
= 0.5 A I' = ?

∴ A¨vwgUvi cv‡Vi cwieZ©b, I' – I = (0.5 − 0.33) A = 0.17 A

myZivs, A¨vwgUvi cvV c~‡e©i †P‡q 0.17 A †ewk n‡e| [Ans.]
24| A I B `ywU ˆe`¨ywZK evj¦ hv‡`i Mv‡q h_vµ‡g 120W − 220V I
[Kywgjv †evW©-2021] 60W − 220V †jLv Av‡Q| evj¦ `y'wU‡K 220V wefe Dr‡mi mv‡_ cª_‡g
(K) Kvk©‡di 1g m~Î wee„Z Ki| mgvšÍiv‡j I c‡i †kªwY‡Z hy³ Kiv nj| [Kywgjøv †evW©-2021]
(L) ZvcgvÎvi cwieZ©‡b cwievnxi †iv‡ai cwieZ©‡bi KviY e¨vL¨v Ki| (K) †iv‡ai DòZv mnM Kv‡K e‡j?
(M) Pvwe S †Lvjv Ae¯’vq eZ©bxi †fvëwgUvi (V) Gi cvV wbY©q Ki| (L) wbivcËv wdD‡R wb¤œ Mjbv¼wewkó msKi avZyi Zvi e¨envi Kiv nq
(N) Pvwe S eÜ K‡i w`‡j A¨vwgUv‡ii cv‡Vi Kxiƒc cwieZ©b nq- MvwYwZK †Kb?
we‡kølYc~e©K gZvgZ `vI| (M) cª_g †¶‡Î 5 sec mgq a‡i Zwor cªevn Pvjbv Ki‡j Kx cwigvY
23 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi Zwor kw³ e¨q nq Zv wbY©q Ki|
(K) Kvk©‡di 1g m~Î: Zwor eZ©bxi †Kv‡bv ms‡hvM we›`y‡Z wgwjZ cªevn¸‡jvi (N) ms‡hv‡Mi aib cwieZ©‡bi d‡j evj¦ `ywUi D¾¡jZvi †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b
exRMvwYwZK mgwó k~b¨ nq| A_©vr, ΣI = 0| n‡e wK-bv- MvwYwZK we‡kølYc~e©K gZvgZ `vI|
(L) Zwor cwievnxi AYy¸‡jv w¯’i bq| Giv me©`v K¤úbiZ Ae¯’vq _v‡K| 24 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
ZvcgvÎv e„w× †c‡j AYy¸‡jvi K¤ú‡bi we¯Ívi †e‡o hvIqvi R‡b¨ AYy¸‡jvi (K) †iv‡ai DòZv mnM: 0°C ZvcgvÎvi GKK †iv‡ai †Kv‡bv cwievnxi ZvcgvÎv
cvi¯úwiK `~iZ¡ K‡g hvq| d‡j cwievnxi g‡a¨ cªevn m„wóKvix MwZm¤úbœ cÖwZ wWMªx †mjwmqvm e„w×i d‡j cwievnxi †iv‡ai †h e„w× N‡U Zv‡K H
B‡jKUªb¸‡jvi mv‡_ K¤úbiZ AYy¸‡jvi msN‡l©i m¤¢ve¨Zv †e‡o hvq Ges cwievnxi Dcv`v‡bi †iv‡ai DòZv mnM e‡j|
cªevn Pjvi c‡_ †ewk evavi m„wó nq| G Kvi‡YB ZvcgvÎv evovi mv‡_ mv‡_ (L) †h‡Kv‡bv Zwor eZ©bx‡Z nVvr †Kv‡bv Kvi‡Y Zwor cÖevn †ewk n‡j hš¿cvwZ
cwievnxi †iva †e‡o hvq| bó n‡Z cv‡i ev AwMœKvÛ NU‡Z cv‡i| GB wec` cÖwZ‡iva Kivi Rb¨
(M) DÏxc‡K R1, R2 †ivaØq †kªwY‡Z mshy³ _vKvq Zyj¨‡iva, eZ©bx‡Z †kªwY mgev‡q Kg Mjbv‡¼i cwievnx Zvi hy³ Kiv nq, G‡KB wdDR
RS = R1 + R2 ‡`Iqv Av‡Q, e‡j| wdDR Zv‡ii Dcv`vb wn‡m‡e A‡c¶vK„Z wb¤œ Mjbv¼wewkó †Kv‡bv
= 10 + 20 Zwo”PvjK kw³, E = 15V msKi evB e¨envi Kiv nq| g~j eZ©bxi Zwor cªevn wec` mxgvq †cŠu‡Q
= 30Ω 1g †iva, R1 = 10Ω ms‡hvMKvix Zvi ev g~j hš¿ bó Kivi Av‡MB Kg Mjbv‡¼i wdDR Zvi
2q †iva, R2 = 20Ω Mjbv‡¼ †cŠu‡Q hvq Ges wdDR ZviwU M‡j wM‡q g~j eZ©bx wew”Qbœ K‡i †`q|
3q †iva, R3 = 30Ω weï× cwievnx Zv‡ii Mjbv¼ A‡bK †ewk nIqvq wdDR Zvi wn‡m‡e weï×
4_© †iva, R4 = 30 Ω Zvi e¨envi Kiv nq bv|
Ges R3, R4 †ivaØq mgvšÍiv‡j mshy³ _vKvq- (M)
1 1 1 Avgiv Rvwb, GLv‡b,
= + V2 A ev‡j¦i wefe, VA = 220VA
RP R3 R4 A
1 1 RA =
PA A ev‡j¦i ¶gZv, PA = 120WA
= + (220)2
30 30
2 = A ev‡j¦i †iva, RA = ?
= 120
1210
30 B ev‡j¦i wefe, VB = 220V
1 = Ω
= 3 B ev‡j¦i ¶gZv, PB = 60W
15 V2
∴ R P = 15Ω RB = B B ev‡j¦i †iva, RB = ?
PB
AZGe, Pvwe (S) †Lvjv _vK‡j eZ©bxi †gvU Zyj¨‡iva, mgq, t = 5 sec.
Page 20
 (220)2 (K) kv›U Kx?
=
60 (L) cwievnxi ga¨ w`‡q Zwor cªev‡ni d‡j Zvc Drcbœ nq †Kb? e¨vL¨v
2420
= Ω Ki|
3
(M) eZ©bx-1 G †iv‡ai ga¨ w`‡q KZ Zwor cªevwnZ n‡e?
GLb, mgvšÍivj mgev‡q Zyj¨‡iva, (N) †Kvb eZ©bx‡Z GKwU wbw`©ó mg‡q †ewk Zvc Drcbœ n‡e? MvwYwZK
1 1 1 we‡kølY `vI|
= +
RP RA RB 25 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
1 1
= 1210 + 2420 (K) kv›U: M¨vjfv‡bvwgUvi ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv Zwor ms‡e`x h‡š¿i ga¨ w`‡q hv‡Z
3 3
3 3 AwaK cªevn wM‡q hš¿wU‡K bó Ki‡Z bv cv‡i †mRb¨ H mKj h‡š¿i mv‡_
= + mgvšÍiv‡j †h ¯^í gv‡bi †iva hy³ _v‡K Zv‡K kv›U e‡j|
1210 2420
9
= (L) cwievnx‡Z cªPyi gy³ B‡jKUªb _v‡K| †Kv‡bv cwievnxi `y'cªv‡šÍ wefe cv_©K¨
2420
2420 m„wó n‡j gy³ B‡jKUªb¸‡jv AvtAvYweK ¯’v‡bi ga¨ w`‡q cwievnxi wb¤œ wefe
∴ RP = Ω
9 cªvšÍ n‡Z D”P wefe cªv‡šÍi w`‡K Pj‡Z _v‡K, d‡j Zwor cªev‡ni m„wó nq|
V2
∴ e¨wqZ Zwor kw³, WP = t GB B‡jKUªb¸‡jv Pjvi mgq cwievnxi cigvYyi mv‡_ msN‡l© wjß nq Ges
RP
(220)2 ×5 B‡jKUª‡bi MwZkw³ cigvYy‡Z mÂvwjZ nq| G‡Z cigvYyi MwZkw³ AviI
= 2420 e„w× cvq| GB ewa©Z MwZkw³B Zvc kw³‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ nq Ges cwievnxi
9
= 990 J ZvcgvÎv e„w× cvq| GRb¨ cwievnxi ga¨ w`‡q Zwor cªev‡ni d‡j Zvc
myZivs, cª_g †¶‡Î 900J kw³ e¨q n‡e| [Ans.] Drcbœ nq|
(N) evjyØq hLb mgvšÍivj mgev‡q hy³: (M) DÏxc‡K eZ©bx-1 G ‡ivaØq †kªwY‡Z mshy³ _vKvq-
Zyj¨‡iva, RS = R1 + R2 GLv‡b,
= 6 + 6 = 12Ω Zwo”PvjK kw³, E = 12V
Avgiv Rvwb, Af¨šÍixY †iva, r = 0.50
E
I= 1g †iva, R1 = 6Ω
RS +r
12 2q †iva, R2 = 6Ω
= = 0.96A Zwor cªevn, I = ?
12+0.5
‡h‡nZy, evûØq mgvšÍivj mgev‡q mshy³| ZvB Dfq evj¦B 220V wefe myZivs, eZ©bx-1 G 0.96 A Zwor cªevn n‡e| [Ans.]
cv_©K¨ cªvß n‡e| (N) Avgiv Rvwb, Drcbœ Zvc, H = I2Rt
V2 (220)2 GLv‡b, t wbw`©ó †h‡Kv‡bv mgq| awi, t = 1s
∴ A ev‡j¦i cªvß ¶gZv, PA = = 1210 = 120W
RA
3 eZ©bx-1 Gi †¶‡Î, Drcbœ Zvc, H1 = I12 Rst
V2 (220)2
Ges B ev‡j¦i cªvß ¶gZv, PB = = 2420 = 60W = (0.96)2 × 12 × 1
RB
3 = 11.06J
evûØq hLb †kªwY mgev‡q hy³: 1 1 1
eZ©bx-2 Gi †¶‡Î, Zyj¨‡iva, = +
RP R1 R2
1 1
= +
6 6
2
=
6
1
=
3
∴ R P = 3Ω
E
‡kªwY mgev‡q Zyj¨‡iva, GLv‡b, ∴ cÖevngvÎv, I2 =
RP +r
RS = RA + RB 1210 12
A ev‡j¦i †iva, RA = Ω =
1210 2420 3 3+0.5
= + 2420
= 3.43A
3 3 B ev‡j¦i †iva, RB = Ω
3630 3
= = 1210Ω Zzj¨‡iva, RS = ? ∴ Drcbœ Zvc, H2 = I22Rpt
3
‡kªwY mgev‡q ZworcÖevn, Drm wefe, V = 220V = (3.43)2 × 3 ×1
V 220 = 35.29J
I= = A GLv‡b, H2 > H1
RS 1210
∴ A ev‡j¦i cªvß ¶gZv, PA = I2 RA myZivs, eZ©bx-2 †Z wbw`©ó mg‡q †ewk Zvc Drcbœ n‡e| [Ans.]
220 2 1210
=( ) × = 13.33W 26|
1210 3
2
Ges B ev‡j¦i cªvß ¶gZv, PA = I RB
220 2 2420
=( ) × = 26.67W
1210 3
myZivs, ms‡hv‡Mi aib cwieZ©‡bi d‡j A_©vr evj¦Øq‡K wefe Dr‡mi mv‡_
cª_‡g mgvšÍiv‡j I c‡i †kªwY‡Z hy³ Kivi d‡j Dfq ev‡j¦iB cªvß ¶gZv
nªvm cvq| A_©vr, Dfq ev‡j¦iB D¾jZvi cwieZ©b nq|
25|
[h‡kvi †evW©-2021]
E = 5V, r = 0.2Ω, R = 40Ω
(K) Zwo”PvjK ej Kx?
(L) cwievnxi cwievwnZvi Dci ZvcgvÎvi cªfve e¨vL¨v Ki|
(M) 'K' eZ©bx‡Z Zwor cªevn gvÎv KZ?
(N) †Kvb eZ©bx‡Z †ewk kw³ AcPq n‡e, MvwYwZK we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g
e¨vL¨v Ki|
[h‡kvi †evW©-2021] 26 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
Page 21
 (K) Zwo”PvjK ej: cªwZ GKK Avavb‡K †Kvl m‡gZ †Kvb eZ©bxi GK we›`y †_‡K ev, dQ = dW
m¤ú~Y© eZ©bx Nywi‡q Avevi H we›`y‡Z Avb‡Z †h KvR m¤úbœ nq Zv‡K †Kv‡li myZivs, m‡gvò cªwµqvq †Kv‡bv wm‡÷g Øviv m¤úvw`Z KvR wm‡÷‡g
Zwo”PvjK ej e‡j| mieivnK„Z Zvc kw³i mgvb| A_©vr, m‡gvò cªwµqvq Zvc m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c Kv‡R
(L) ‡Kv‡bv cwievnxi cwievwnZv Gi †iv‡ai wecixZ ivwk| A_©vr †iva R n‡j, cwiYZ nq|
1 (M) R₁ I R₂ †iva mgvšÍivj mgev‡q hy³ _vKvq Zzj¨‡iva RP n‡e,
cwievwnZv G = | Gi gvb cwievnxi Dcv`vb Ges ZvcgvÎvi Dci wbf©i
R 1 1 1
K‡i| mvaviYfv‡e mKj avZe c`v‡_©i Zwor cwievwnZv †ewk| wKš‘ mKj ∴ = + GLv‡b,
RP R1 R2
avZyi cwievwnZv mgvb bq| ZvcgvÎv evov‡j cªvq mKj cwievnxi cwievwnZv 1 1 1g †iva, R1 = 100 Ω
= + 2q †iva, R₂ = 200 Ω
nªvm cvq A_©vr †iva e„w× cvq| c¶všÍ‡i Aa©-cwievnxi ZvcgvÎv evov‡j 100 200
2+1 3
cwievwnZv D‡jøL‡hvM¨fv‡e e„w× cvq| = = 3q †iva, R3 = 150 Ω
200 200
(M) 200 Zwo”PvjK kw³, E = 12 V
∴ RP = Ω
Avgiv Rvwb, GLv‡b, 3
nE RP I R3 †iva †kªwY‡Z hy³ _vKvq Zyj¨‡iva RS n‡e,
IS = Zwo”PvjK kw³, E = 5V
nr+R RS = RP + R3
3×5 Af¨šÍixY †iva, r = 0.20 200
=
3×0.2+40 †iva, R = 40Ω = + 150
3
= 0.37A 200+450
†Kv‡li msL¨v, n = 3 =
3
Zwor cªevn, IS = ? 650
= Ω
myZivs, 'K' eZ©bx‡Z Zwor cªevn 0.33 A| [Ans.] 3
E
eZ©bxi g~j cªevn, I =
RS
(N) 12
= 650
eZ©bx 'K' Gi †¶‡Î, †gvU e¨vwqZ kw³, GLv‡b, 3
H1 = IS2 RS't IS = 0.37A ('M' n‡Z cvB) = 0.055A
ev, H1 = (0.37)2 × 40.6 × t 'K' eZ©bxi †gvU †iva,
= 5.56 J RS' = R + r + r + r
= 40 + 0.2 + 0.2 + 0.2
= 40.6Ω
W 1 = H1 = ?
myZivs, eZ©bxi R3 †iv‡ai ga¨ w`‡q cªevwnZ cªevngvÎv 0.055 A| [Ans.]
eZ©bx 'L' Gi †¶‡Î, GLv‡b, (N)
nE 'L'-eZ©bxi †gvU Af¨šÍixY †iva,
IP =
nR+r 1 1 1 1
3×5 = + +
= = 0.12A rp r1 r2 r3
3×40+0.2 r
ev, rp =
3
0.2
ev, rp = = 0.067Ω
3
'L' eZ©bxi †gvU †iva, RP' = R + rp wPÎ n‡Z cvB, A I B we›`yi g‡a¨ wefe cv_©K¨-
= 40 + 0.067 VAB = IRP 'M' n‡Z cvB,
200
= 40.067Ω = 0.055 × eZ©bxi g~j cªevn, I = 0.055A
3 200
∴ †gvU e¨vwqZ kw³, H2 = IP2 RP't = 3.67V R1 I R2 Gi Zyj¨‡iva, RP = Ω
3
= (0.12)2 (40.067)t GLv‡b, VAB ≠ E. Zwo”PvjK kw³, E = 12V
myZivs, H1 > H2
myZivs, eZ©bxi A I B we›`yi g‡a¨ wefe cv_©K¨ †Kv‡li Zwo”PvjK kw³i
'K' eZ©bx‡Z †ewk kw³ AcPq n‡e| [Ans.]
mgvb-n‡e bv| [Ans.]
27|
28| wP‡Î GKwU A¨vwgUvi eZ©bx †`Lv‡bv n‡jv hvi cvjøv 𝜎 ~ 10A ch©šÍ| iwng
†ewk Zwor cªevn cwigv‡ci Rb¨ A¨vwgUv‡ii cvjøv 10 ¸Y e„w× Ki‡Z
PvB‡jv|

[PÆMªvg †evW©-2021]
(K) GbUªwc Kx? [Aa¨vq-1]
(L) †Kv‡bv ZvcMZxq cªwµqvq Zvc m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c Kv‡R, cwiYZ nq- e¨vL¨v
Ki| [Aa¨vq-1] [PÆMªvg †evW©-2021]
(M) eZ©bxi R3 †iv‡ai g‡a¨ w`‡q cªevwnZ cªevngvÎv wbY©q Ki| (K) M¨vwjjxq iƒcvšÍi Kx? [Aa¨vq-8]
(N) eZ©bxi A I B we›`yi g‡a¨ wefe cv_©K¨ †Kv‡li Zwo”PvjK kw³i (L) eZ©bx‡Z Zvc Drc‡bœi †¶‡Î we`¨yr cªev‡ni †Kv‡bv cªfve Av‡Q wK?
mgvb n‡e wK? MvwYwZK we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g Dc¯’vcb Ki| e¨vL¨v Ki|
27 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi (M) M¨vjfv‡bvwgUv‡ii ga¨ w`‡q cªevwnZ Zwor cªevn wbY©q Ki|
(K) GbUªwc: †Kv‡bv wm‡÷‡gi kw³ iƒcvšÍ‡ii A¶gZv ev Am¤¢ve¨Zv‡K ev (N) eZ©bxi Kx ai‡bi cwieZ©b mvab Ki‡j iwn‡gi AvKv•Lv c~iY n‡e-
iƒcvšÍ‡ii Rb¨ kw³i Acªvc¨Zv‡K GbUªwc e‡j| we‡kølYmn Dc¯’vcb Ki|
(L) m‡gvò cªwµqvq ZvcgvÎv w¯’i _v‡K e‡j wm‡÷‡gi AšÍt¯’ kw³i ‡Kv‡bv 28 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
cwieZ©b nq bv, A_©vr dU = 0| myZivs, ZvcMwZwe`¨vi (K) M¨vwjjxq iƒcvšÍi: mgq cig (absolute) MY¨ K‡i Ges Av‡cw¶KZvi
cª_g m~Îvbymv‡i, dQ = dU+dW we‡kl Z‡Ë¡i †gŠwjK ¯^xKvh©Øq‡K D‡c¶v K‡i ci¯ú‡ii mv‡c‡¶ aªæe‡e‡M
ev, dQ = 0 + dW
Page 22
 MwZkxj `ywU cªm½ KvVv‡gvi ¯’vbv¼ I mg‡qi g‡a¨ m¤úK© ¯’vcbKvix †hme DÏxc‡K D‡jøL Kiv Av‡Q, mv‡›Ui †iva, S = 2Ω; ZvB GLv‡b (11.11 −
mgxKiY cvIqv hvq Zv‡`i‡K M¨vwjjxq iƒcvšÍi e‡j| 2) Ω = 9.11Ω †iva mv‡›Ui mv‡_ †kªwY‡Z hy³ Ki‡j 20A Zwor cªevn
(L) Zwor cwievnx‡Z †ek wKQymsL¨K gy³ B‡jKUªb _v‡K| cwievnxi `yB we›`yi gvcv hv‡e|
g‡a¨ wefe cv_©K¨ m„wó n‡j gy³ B‡jKUªb¸‡jv AvMªAvYweK ¯’v‡bi ga¨w`‡q 30| Dcgv Zvi evmvq GKwU ˆe`¨ywZK †KZjx‡Z 2litre cvwb Mig Ki‡Z w`j|
cwievnxi wb¤œ-wefe wewkó we›`y †_‡K D”P-wefe wewkó we›`yi w`‡K Pj‡Z 1500W Gi †KZjxwU 220V mieivn jvB‡bi mv‡_ hy³ wQj| †m †`Lj
_v‡K, d‡j Zworcªev‡ni m„wó nq| G B‡jKUªb¸‡jv Pjvi mgq cwievnxi 07 min ci cvwb dyU‡Q| [cvwbi Av‡cw¶K Zvc = 4200Jkg-1K-1]
cigvYyi mv‡_ msN‡l© wjß nq Ges B‡jKUª‡bi MwZkw³ cigvYy‡Z mÂvwjZ [ewikvj †evW©-2021]
nq Ges cigvYyi MwZkw³ Av‡iv e„w× cvq| G ewa©Z MwZkw³ Zv‡c iƒcvšÍwiZ (K) wgUviweªR Kx?
nq Ges cwievnxi ZvcgvÎv e„w× cvq| GRb¨ Zwor cªev‡ni d‡j eZ©bx‡Z (L) †Kv‡bv cwievnxi †iva 1Ω ej‡Z Kx eySvq?
Zv‡ci D™¢e nq| (M) Drcbœ Zv‡ci cwigvY K¨vjix GK‡K wbY©q Ki|
(M) (N) Dc‡iv³ Z_¨ †_‡K H w`‡bi K¶ ZvcgvÎv wbY©q Kiv hv‡e wK- bv?
Avgiv Rvwb, GLv‡b, MvwYwZK we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g †`LvI|
S×I g~j cªevn, I = 8A
Ig = 30 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
G+S
1×8 M¨vjfv‡bvwgUv‡ii †iva, G = 20Ω (K) wgUviweªR: †h h‡š¿ GK wgUvi ˆ`‡N¨©i mylg cª¯’‡”Q‡`i †ivawewkó Zvi jvwM‡q
=
20+1 kv‡›Ui †iva, S = 1Ω ûBU‡÷vb weªR bxwZi mvnv‡h¨ †Kv‡bv ARvbv Zv‡ii Dcv`v‡bi †iva Z_v
= 0.38A M¨vjfv‡bvwgUvi cªevn, Ig = ? Av‡cw¶K †iva wbY©q Kiv hvq Zv‡K wgUviweªR e‡j|
myZivs, M¨vjfv‡bvwgUv‡ii ga¨ w`‡q 0.38 A Zwor cªevwnZ n‡e| [Ans.] (L) ‡Kv‡bv cwievnxi †iva 1Ω ej‡Z eySvq, cwievnxi `yB cªv‡šÍi wefe cv_©K¨
(N) 1V Ges Gi wfZi w`‡q IA we`¨yr cªevwnZ n‡e|
Avgiv Rvwb, GLv‡b, 1V
∴1Ω = = 1VA−1
S' =
G M¨vjfv‡bvwgUv‡ii †iva, G = 20Ω 1A
n−1 (M)
20 M¨vjfv‡bvwgUv‡ii cvjøv e„w×, n = 10 Avgiv Rvwb, GLv‡b,
=
10−1 kv‡›Ui cwiewZ©Z †iva, S' = ? H = Pt ¶gZv, P = 1500 W
= 2.22Ω
= (1500 × 420)J mgq, t = 7 min
myZivs, DÏxc‡K D‡jøL Kiv Av‡Q kv‡›Ui †iva S = 1Ω ; ZvB GLv‡b,
= 630000 J = (7 × 60) s
(2.22 − 1)Ω = 1.22Ω †iva kv‡›Ui mv‡_ †kªwY‡Z hy³ Ki‡j iwn‡gi 63000
= Cal [∵ 1 Cal = 4.2J] = 420 s
AvKv•¶v c~iY n‡e| [Ans.] 4.2
= 15000 Cal Drcbœ Zvc, H = ?
29| 100Ω †iv‡ai GKwU M¨vjfv‡bvwgUv‡ii mv‡_ 2Ω †iva mgvšÍiv‡j hy³
Av‡Q| eZ©bxi g~j cªevn 2A| GB hš¿ Øviv 2A Gi AwaK cªevn gvcv m¤¢e myZivs, Drcbœ Zv‡ci cwigvY 150000 Cal| [Ans.]
bq| [ewikvj †evW©-2021] (N)
(K) ZworPvjK kw³ Kx? Avgiv Rvwb, GLv‡b,
(L) ˆe`y¨wZK hš¿cvwZ‡Z mv›U e¨envi Kiv nq †Kb? e¨vL¨v Ki| H = mS∆θ AvqZb, V = 2L = 2 × 10 m³
H H
(M) DÏxc‡K 2Ω †iv‡ai ga¨w`‡q cªevwnZ Zwo‡Zi gvb wbY©q Ki| ⇒∆θ = = cvwbi NbZ¡, p = 1000 kgm
mS ρVS
cvwbi Av‡cw¶K Zvc,
(N) DÏxcK Abymv‡i Kx e¨e¯’v MªnY Ki‡j 20A Zwor cªevn gvcv hv‡e? ⇒ θ2 – θ1 =
MvwYwZK e¨vL¨v Ki| 630000 S = 4200 Jkg-1K-1
29 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi −3
1000×2×10 ×4200 P~ovšÍ ZvcgvÎv, θ2 = 100°C
⇒ θ2 – θ1 = 75 'M' n‡Z cvB,
(K) Zwo”PvjK kw³: cªwZ GKK Avavb‡K †Kvl m‡gZ †Kvb eZ©bxi GK we›`y
⇒ θ1 = θ2 − 75 Drcbœ Zvc, H = 630000J
†_‡K m¤ú~Y© eZ©bx Nywi‡q Avevi H we›`y‡Z Avb‡Z †h KvR m¤úbœ nq, Zv‡K
= 100 – 75 K¶ ZvcgvÎv, θ1 = ?
†Kv‡li Zwo”PvjK kw³ e‡j|
= 25oC
(L) mKj Zwor h‡š¿i ga¨ w`‡q Zwor cªev‡ni GKwU DaŸ©mxgv _v‡K| H
∴ K¶ ZvcgvÎv 25°C
EaŸ©mxgvi †P‡q †ewk, Zwor cªevn h‡š¿i †fZi w`‡q cªevwnZ n‡j †mwU
myZivs, DcwiD³ Z_¨ †_‡K H w`‡bi K¶ ZvcgvÎv wbY©q Kiv hv‡e|
¶wZMª¯Í n‡Z cv‡i| j¨ve‡iUix‡Z Avgiv Ggb wKQy ˆe`¨ywZK hš¿cvwZ †hgb:
M¨vjfv‡bvwgUvi, A¨vwgUvi; BZ¨vw` e¨envi K‡i _vwK hv AZ¨šÍ my‡e`x Ges [Ans.]
31|
hvi ga¨ w`‡q AwZwi³ we`¨yr cªevwnZ n‡j Zv mv‡_ mv‡_ bó n‡q hvq|
GRb¨B D”P cªevnhy³ †Kv‡bv Zwor eZ©bx‡Z hLb Gme hš¿ hy³ Kiv nq,
ZLb Ggb GKwU †ivaK hš¿wUi mv‡_ mgvšÍivj mgev‡q ivLv nq, hvi †iv‡ai
gvb Lye Kg| G‡K mv›U e‡j| G‡Z g~j eZ©bxi cªev‡ni meUyKy
M¨vjfv‡bvwgUv‡ii ga¨ w`‡q hvq bv; eis AwaKvsk cªevnB mv‡›Ui ga¨ w`‡q
P‡j hvq| Gi d‡j DaŸ©mxgvi †P‡q †ewk Zwor cªevn h‡š¿i †fZi w`‡q
cªevwnZ nq bv Ges hš¿wUI bó nq bv|
(M)
Avgiv Rvwb, GLv‡b, [wm‡jU †evW©-2021]
G×S M¨vjfv‡bvwgUv‡ii †iva, G = 100Ω wP‡Î GKwU ûBU‡÷vb eªxR †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
IS =
G+S (K) †Kv‡li Zwo”PvjK kw³ Kv‡K e‡j?
100 × 2 mv›U †iva, S = 2Ω
= (L) wbivcËv wdD‡R †Kb weï× avZy e¨eüZ nq bv Zv e¨vL¨v Ki|
100 + 2 g~j cªevn, I = 2A
= 1.96A mv›U cªevn, IS =? (M) M¨vjfv‡bvwgUv‡ii Pvwe K mshy³ Kivi ci CD As‡k KZ gv‡bi †iva
Kxfv‡e hy³ Ki‡j M¨vjfv‡bvwgUv‡ii KuvUvi we‡¶c k~b¨ n‡e?
myZivs, 2Ω †iv‡ai ga¨w`‡q 1.96 A Zwor cªevn n‡e| [Ans.]
(N) (N) Pvwe K Gi ms‡hvM wew”Qbœ K‡i wKk‡K©i m~‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ P I R
Avgiv Rvwb, GLv‡b, †KvbwUi ga¨w`‡q AwaK cªevn AwZµg Ki‡e Zv †`LvI|
31 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
S' =
G M¨vjfv‡bvwgUv‡ii †iva, G = 100Ω
n−1 20 (K) ‡Kv‡li Zwo”PvjK kw³: cªwZ GKK Avavb‡K †Kvl m‡gZ †Kvb eZ©bxi GK
=
100 M¨vjfv‡bvwgUv‡ii cvjøv e„w×, n = = 10 we›`y †_‡K m¤ú~Y© eZ©bx Nywi‡q Avevi H we›`y‡Z Avb‡Z †h KvR m¤úbœ nq,
2
10−1
= 11.11Ω mv‡›Ui cwiewZ©Z †iva, S' = ? Zv‡K †Kv‡li Zwo”PvjK kw³ e‡j|

Page 23
(L) wbivcËv wdDR n‡jv wbgœ Mjbv¼wewkó GKwU ¯^í ˆ`‡N¨©i wPKb Zvi hv (L) mv›U †iv‡ai gvb Kg nq †Kb? e¨vL¨v Ki|
ˆe`¨ywZK eZ©bx‡Z AwaK Zworcªevn cªwZ‡iv‡ai Rb¨ mieivn jvB‡bi mv‡_ (M) eZ©bxi cªevngvÎv (i) wbY©q Ki|
†kªwY‡Z ms‡hvM †`Iqv nq| wbivcËv wdDR wn‡m‡e msKi avZy e¨envi Kiv (N) †Kvb †ivawU AcmviY Ki‡j eZ©bxi cªevngvÎv me©wb¤œ n‡e? MvwYwZK
nq, KviY msKi avZy wbgœ Mjbv¼wewkó| c¶všÍ‡i weï× avZyi cwievnx D”P we‡kølmn gZvgZ `vI|
Mjbv¼wewkó| d‡j wbivcËv wdD‡R, weï× avZyi cwievnx Zvi e¨envi Kivi 32 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
ci Gi ga¨ w`‡q AwaK cwigv‡Y Zwor cªevn NU‡jI ZviwU bv M‡j A¶Z (K) Zv‡ci hvwš¿K mgZv: GKK Zvc Drcbœ Ki‡Z †h cwigvY KvR Ki‡Z nq,
_vK‡e Ges GB AwaK Zworcªevn ˆe`¨ywZK hš¿cvwZi ¶wZmvab Ki‡e| G‡Z Zv‡K Zv‡ci hvwš¿K mgZv e‡j|
wbivcËv wdDR e¨env‡ii D‡Ïk¨B e¨vnZ n‡e| GRb¨B wbivcËv wdD‡R (L) mv›U n‡jv wb¤œ gv‡bi †iva hv M¨vjfv‡bvwgUvi ev M¨vjfv‡bvwgUv‡ii g‡Zv
weï× avZy e¨envi Kiv nq bv| my‡e`x hš¿cvwZ‡Z mgvšÍiv‡j hy³ Kiv nq| AZ¨waK we`¨yr cªev‡ni nvZ †_‡K
(M) i¶v cvIqvi Rb¨ M¨vjfv‡bvwgUv‡ii mv‡_ mgvšÍiv‡j mv›U hy³ Kiv nq| hLb
Avgiv Rvwb, GLv‡b, eZ©bx‡Z †ewk we`¨yr cªevwnZ nq ZLb Kg †ivawewkó mv‡›Ui| ga¨ w`‡q †ewk
P R P = 20Ω
= we`¨yr cªevwnZ nq Ges M¨vjfv‡bvwgUv‡ii ga¨ w`‡q Kg we`¨yr cªevwnZ nq|
Q S
Q×R
Q = 40Ω d‡j M¨vjfv‡bvwgUvi bó nq bv|
⇒S= R = 15Ω (M)
P
40×15 S1 = 80Ω
= R2 I R1 †ivaØq mgvšÍiv‡j hy³ GLv‡b,
20
= 30Ω Zyj¨‡iva- 1g †iva, R1 = 40Ω
1 1 1 2q †iva, R2 = 150Ω
GLv‡b, S < S1 = +
RP R1 R2
myZivs, S1 †iv‡ai mv‡_ S₂ gv‡bi †iva mgvšÍiv‡j hy³ Ki‡Z n‡e| 1 1 3q †iva, R3 = 1002
1 1 1
= + Zwo”PvjK kw³, E = 10V
150 100
= + 2+3 5
S S1 S2
1 1 1 = =
300 300
⇒ = − 300
S2 S S1 ∴ RP = = 60Ω
1 1 5
= − R1 I RP †iva †kªwY‡Z hy³| Zyj¨‡iva-
30 80
5
= RS = R P + R 1
240
240 = 60 + 40
∴ S2 = = 48Ω
5 = 100Ω
myZivs, 48Ω †iva CD As‡ki mv‡_ mgvšÍiv‡j hy³ Ki‡j E 10
∴ cÖevngvÎv, i = = = 0.1A
M¨vjfv‡bvwgUv‡ii KuvUvi we‡¶c k~b¨ n‡e| [Ans.] RS 100
(N) eZ©bx n‡Z M¨vjfv‡bvwgUvi wew”Qbœ Ki‡j bZyb eZ©bx n‡e wbgœiƒc: myZivs , eZ©bxi cªevngvÎv 0.1 A| [Ans.]
E
GLv‡b, (N) Avgiv Rvwb, i = [r = Zwor †Kv‡li Af¨šÍixY †iva]
R+r
P = 20Ω A_©vr, eZ©bxi ewnt¯’ Zyj¨‡iva R Gi gvb e„w× †c‡j Zwor cªevn i nªvm
Q = 40Ω cv‡e|
R = 15Ω R1 †iva AcmviY Ki‡j eZ©bxwU nq-
S1 = 80Ω
‡Kv‡li Af¨šÍixY †iva, r = 0
†Kv‡li Zwo”PvjK kw³, E = 12V
P Gi ga¨ w`‡q cªevn, I1 = ?
R Gi ga¨ w`‡q cªevn, I2 = ?
ABCFGA c‡_ wKk©‡di wØZxq m~Î cª‡qvM K‡i cvB,
1
I1P + I1Q + Ir = E Zzj¨‡iva, RS = 1 1
+
⇒ 20I1 + 40I1 + I × 0 = 12 R2 R3
1
⇒ 60I1 = 12 = 1 1 = 60Ω
+
12 150 100
∴ I1 = = 0.2A R2 †iva AcmviY Ki‡j eZ©bxwU nq-
60
Avevi, ADCFGA eZ©bx‡Z wKk©‡di 2q m~Î cª‡qvM K‡i cvB,
I2P + I2Q + Ir = E
⇒ 15I2 + 80I2 + I × 0 = 12
⇒ 95I2 = 12
12
∴ I2 = = 0.13A
95
myZivs, I1 > I2 Zzj¨‡iva, Rb = R1 + R3 = 40 + 100 = 140Ω
A_©vr, Pvwe K Gi ms‡hvM wew”Qbœ Ki‡j P Gi ga¨w`‡q AwaK cªevn R3, †iva AcmviY Ki‡j eZ©bxwU nq-
AwZµg Ki‡e|
32|

Zzj¨‡iva, Rc = R1 + R2 = 40 + 150 = 190Ω

GLv‡b, Rc > Rb > Ra
A_©vr, R3 AcmviY Ki‡Z n‡e|
E
myZivs, me©wb¤œ cÖevn, i =
Rc +r
[wm‡jU †evW©-2021] 10
wP‡Î GKwU ˆe`¨ywZK eZ©bx †`Lv‡bv n‡jv| = = 0.05A
190+0
(K) Zv‡ci hvwš¿K mgZv ej‡Z Kx eyS?
Page 24
 myZivs, R3 †iva AcmviY Ki‡j eZ©bxi cªevngvÎv me©wbgœ n‡e hvi gvb c~‡e© A¨vwgUvi Øviv m‡e©v”P 2.25 A Zwor cªevn gvcv †h‡Zv| A¨vwgUv‡ii
0.05 A| [Ans.] cvjøv 4 ¸Y Kivi d‡j eZ©gv‡b A¨vwgUvi Øviv m‡e©v”P (2.25 × 4)A = 9A
33| cªevn gvcv hvq| wKš‘ 150V Gi e¨vUvwi e¨envi Kiv n‡j Zwor cªevn 9.71
A nq|
myZivs, cwiewZ©Z †¶‡Î A¨vwgUviwUi mvnv‡h¨ cªevngvÎv gvcv m¤¢e n‡e bv|
[Ans.]
34|

[w`bvRcyi †evW©-2021]
wP‡Î, Zwor †Kv‡li Zwo”PvjK kw³ E = 16V Ges A¨vwgUvi Øviv m‡e©v”P
2.25A Zwor cªevn gvcv hvq| cieZ©x‡Z 16V Gi cwie‡Z© 150V Gi
e¨vUvwi e¨envi Kiv n‡jv Ges eZ©bxi A¨vwgUv‡ii cvjøv 4 ¸Y Kiv n‡jv|
[w`bvRcyi †evW©-2021]
(K) Zvob †eM Kv‡K e‡j?
wP‡Î Af¨šÍixY †iva, r = 0.20
(L) Zwor †Kv‡li ZworÂvjK kw³ 2.5V ej‡Z Kx eySvq?
ZworPvjK kw³, E =8V
(M) 20Ω †iv‡ai ga¨w`‡q Zwor cªevn wbY©q Ki|
(K) Av‡cw¶K †iva Kv‡K e‡j?
(N) cwiewZ©Z †¶‡Î A¨vwgUviwUi mvnv‡h¨ cªevngvÎv gvcv m¤¢e wK bv-
(L) ûBU‡÷vb weª‡Ri fvimvg¨ Ae¯’v e¨vL¨v Ki|
MvwYwZKfv‡e we‡kølY Ki|
(M) M¨vjfv‡bvwgUvi wew”Qbœ Ae¯’vq eZ©bxi Zwor cªevn wbY©q Ki|
33 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
(N) m‡e©v”P †iv‡ai mv‡_ KZ gv‡bi †iva Kxfv‡e hy³ Ki‡j weªRwU fvimvg¨
(K) Zvob †eM: we`¨yr cªev‡ni mgq †h Mo †e‡M B‡jKUªb wb¤œ wefe †_‡K D”P
Ae¯’vq DcbxZ n‡e Zv MvwYwZK we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g gZvgZ `vI|
wefe cªv‡šÍi w`‡K avwiZ nq, Zv‡K B‡jKUª‡bi Zvob †eM e‡j|
(L) Zwor †Kv‡li ZworPvjK kw³ 2.5V ej‡Z eySvq Zwor eZ©bxi †Kv‡bv GK
34 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
we›`y n‡Z | Kyj¤^ PvR©‡K Zwor †Kvlmn m¤ú~Y© eZ©bx GKevi Nywi‡q cybivq H
(K) Av‡cw¶K †iva: †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó ZvcgvÎvq GKK ˆ`‡N¨©i I GKK cª¯’‡”Q‡`i
we›`y‡Z Avb‡Z 2.5J KvR m¤úbœ nq| †¶Îdjwewkó †Kv‡bv cwievnxi †iva‡K H ZvcgvÎvq cwievnxi Dcv`v‡bi
(M) Av‡cw¶K †iva e‡j|
(L)

R1, R2, R3 mgvšÍivj mgev‡q hy³| G‡`i GLv‡b,

Zyj¨‡iva RP n‡j, R1 = 3Ω
1 1 1 1 R2 = 20Ω
= + +
RP R1 R2 R3 R3 = 30Ω
1 1 1 GKwU ûBU‡÷vb weª‡Ri PviwU evû AC, CD, AF I FD-Gi Rb¨ h_vµ‡g
= + + R4 = 10Ω P, Q, R, S †iva¸‡jv Ggbfv‡e evQvB Kiv nq, †hb M¨vjfv‡bvwgUv‡ii
10 20 30
=
6+3+2 E = 16V KuvUvi †Kv‡bv we‡¶c bv nq, A_©vr M¨vjfv‡bvwgUv‡ii cªevn, ig = 0 nq
60
11 (wPÎ)| G‡K weªRwUi fvimvg¨ Ae¯’v (balanced condition) ev wb¯ú›`
=
60 Ae¯’v (null condition) ejv nq| D³ Ae¯’vq weªRwUi C I F we›`y؇qi
60
∴ R P = Ω = 5.45Ω wefe mgvb n‡e Ges †iva¸‡jv wb‡gœv³ m¤úK© †g‡b Pj‡e-
11
Avevi, RP I R4 †kªwY mgev‡q hy³| P R
=
Q S
myZivs, †gvU Zyj¨‡iva, RS = RP + R4
(M) M¨vjfv‡bvwgUvi wew”Qbœ Ae¯’vq eZ©bxwU wbgœiƒc:
= (5.45 + 10) Ω = 15.45 Ω
E
GLb, eZ©bxi g~j cªevn, I =
RS
16
= = 1.036A
15.45
GB GKB cwigvY cªevn R1, R2 I R3 †iv‡ai mgvšÍivj mgev‡qi ga¨ w`‡q
cªevwnZ n‡e| myZivs, D³ mgev‡qi Dfq cªv‡šÍi wefe cv_©K¨,
VP = IRP GLv‡b, P I Q †kªwY‡Z hy³ hv‡`i Zyj¨‡iva- ‡`Iqv Av‡Q,
= 1.036 × 5.45 P = 8Ω
R S1 = P + Q
= 5.65V Q = 10Ω
D³ wef‡ei cwigvY R1, R2 I R3 cª‡Z¨‡Ki Dfqcªv‡šÍi wefe cv_©‡K¨i = 8 + 10
= 10Ω R = 15Ω
mgvb| ZvB R2 Gi ga¨w`‡q I2 Zworcªevn n‡j, S = 20Ω
VP = I2R2 Ges R I S †kªwY‡Z hy³ hv‡`i Zyj¨‡iva-
5.65
= R S2 = R + S
20
= 0.2825V = 15 + 20
myZivs, 20Ω †iv‡ai ga¨ w`‡q 0.2825A we`¨yr cªevn n‡e| [Ans.] = 35Ω
(N) cwiewZ©Z †¶‡Î 16 V Gi cwie‡Z© 150 V Gi e¨vUvwi e¨envi Ki‡j- R S1 I R S2 mgvšÍiv‡j hy³| Zyj¨‡iva-
E′ GLv‡b, 1 1 1
g~j cªevn, I' = ∴ = +
RS Rp RS 1 RS 2
E' = 150V 1 1
150
= RS = 15.45Ω = +
15.45 18 35
35+18
= 9.71A =
630
Page 25
 ∴ RP =
630 = 77.11Ω
53
E myZivs, 100°C ZvcgvÎvq cwievnx ZviwUi †iva 77.11 Ω| [Ans.]
ZworcÖevn, I = (N)
RP +r
8
= 630 Avgiv Rvwb, GLv‡b,
+0.2
53 n msL¨K †Kvl mgvšÍivj mgev‡q hy³ _vK‡j Zwo”PvjK kw³, E = 2V
= 0.66 A eZ©bxi we`¨yr cªevngvÎv, †Kv‡li msL¨v, n = 5
myZivs, M¨vjfv‡bvwgUvi wew”Qbœ Ae¯’vq eZ©bxi Zwor cªevn 0.66 A| nE
IS = †iva, r = 1Ω
[Ans.] R+nr
5×2 Af¨šÍixY †iva, r = 1Ω
(N) = = 0.154A
60+5×1
Avgiv Rvwb, GLv‡b, m‡e©v”P †iva, S1 = 20Ω Avevi,
fvimvg¨ Ae¯’vi †¶‡Î, Avgiv Rvwb, n msL¨K †Kvl †kªwY mgev‡q hy³ _vK‡j eZ©bxi we`¨yr
P R
= cªevngvÎv,
Q S
nE
Q×R Ip =
⇒S= nR+r
P 5×2
10×15 = = 0.033A
= 5×60+1
8
75 GLv‡b, IP < IS
=
4 myZivs, Zwor cªevn nªvm cv‡e| [Ans.]
= 18.75Ω 36| wPÎ `ywU ch©‡e¶Y Ki Ges cªkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI: [gqgbwmsn †evW©-2021]
GLv‡b, S < S1
awi, S2 gv‡bi †iva S1| Gi mv‡_ mgvšÍiv‡j hy³ Ki‡j weªRwU| mvg¨ve¯’vq
_v‡K|
1 1 1
∴ = +
S S1 S2
1 1 1
⇒ = −
S2 S S1
1 1
= 75 −
20 (K) kv›U Kx?
4
4 1 (L) D”P gv‡bi †iva cwigv‡c ûBU‡÷vb weªR e¨envi Kiv nq wK? e¨vL¨v
= −
75 20
16−15 Ki|
= (M) wPÎ-1 n‡Z A I B Gi `y'cªv‡šÍ wefe cv_©K¨ wbY©q Ki|
300
1
= (N) wPÎ-2 G I1 bvwK I2 eo gv‡bi n‡e? Kvk©‡di m~‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ MvwYwZK
300
∴ S2 = 300Ω gZvgZ `vI|
myZivs, 300Ω gv‡bi †iva mgvšÍiv‡j hy³ Ki‡Z n‡e| [Ans.] 36 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
35| 2V Zwo”PvjK kw³ I 1Ω AšÍt‡ivawewkó 5wU Zwor †Kvl‡K †kªwY‡Z (K) kv›U: M¨vjfv‡bvwgUvi I my‡e`x ˆe`¨ywZK h‡š¿i ga¨ w`‡q hv‡Z D”PgvÎvi
mvwR‡q 25°C ZvcgvÎvi 60Ω †ivawewkó GKwU cwievnx Zv‡ii mv‡_ hy³ we`¨yr cªevwnZ bv n‡Z cv‡i Zvi Rb¨ h‡š¿i mv‡_ mgvšÍiv‡j ¯^í gv‡bi †h
Kiv n‡jv| cwievnx Zv‡i †iv‡ai DòZvi ¸Yv¼ 4.2 × 10-3/°C| †iva hy³ Kiv nq, Zv‡K kv›U e‡j|
[gqgbwmsn †evW©-2021] (L) GKwU ûBU‡÷vb weª‡Ri PviwU evûi Rb¨ P, Q, R I S †iva¸‡jv Ggbfv‡e
(K) Zwor eZ©bx Kv‡K e‡j? evQvB Kiv nq, †hb M¨vjfv‡bvwgUv‡ii KuvUvi †Kv‡bv we‡¶c bv nq| G‡K
(L) wbivcËv wdD‡R weï× avZyi cwievnx Zvi e¨envi Ki‡j Kx NU‡e? weªRwUi wb¯ú›` Ae¯’v e‡j| G‡¶‡Î cix¶vaxb †Kv‡bv AÁvZ gv‡bi †iva‡K
e¨vL¨v Ki| PZy_© evû‡Z, A_©vr, S-Gi ¯’v‡b ivLv nq| G‡¶‡Î †ivawU D”P gv‡bi n‡j,
(M) 100°C ZvcgvÎvq cwievnx ZviwUi †iva wbY©q Ki| H †iv‡ai ga¨ w`‡q Lye †ewk gv‡bi Zwor cªevwnZ n‡e bv| d‡j weª‡Ri
(N) DÏxc‡Ki mKj Zwor †Kvl¸‡jv‡K mgvšÍiv‡j mvwR‡q GKBfv‡e hy³ my‡ew`Zv (sensitivity) K‡g hv‡e, ZvB wb¯ú›` Ae¯’v kbv³ Kiv KwVb
Ki‡j cªev‡ni cwieZ©b Kxiƒc n‡e? MvwYwZKfv‡e we‡kølY Ki| n‡e| G Kvi‡Y D”P gv‡bi †iva cwigv‡c nBU‡÷vb weªR e¨envi Kiv nq bv|
35 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi (M)
(K) Zwor eZ©bx: Zworcªevn Pjvi m¤ú~Y© c_‡K Zwor eZ©bx e‡j|
(L) wbivcËv wdDR n‡jv wb¤œ Mjbv¼wewkó GKwU ¯^í ˆ`‡N¨©i wPKb Zvi hv
ˆe`¨ywZK eZ©bx‡Z AwaK Zworcªevn cªwZ‡iv‡ai Rb¨ mieivn jvB‡bi mv‡_
†kªwY‡Z ms‡hvM †`Iqv nq| wbivcËv wdDR wn‡m‡e msKi avZy e¨envi Kiv
nq, KviY msKi avZy ( wb¤œ Mjbv¼wewkó| c¶všÍ‡i weï× avZyi cwievnx
Zvi D”P Mjbv¼wewkó| d‡j wbivcËv wdD‡R weï× avZyi cwievnx Zvi
e¨envi Kivi ci Gi ga¨ w`‡q AwaK cwigv‡Y Zwor cªevn NU‡jI ZviwU bv
M‡j A¶Z _vK‡e Ges GB AwaK Zworcªevn ˆe`¨ywZK hš¿cvwZi ¶wZmvab GLv‡b, R4, R5, R6 †kªwY mgev‡q hy³ hv‡`i ‡`Iqv Av‡Q,
Ki‡e| Zyj¨‡iva- R1 = 5Ω
(M) RS = R4 + R5 + R6 R2 = 6Ω
Avgiv Rvwb, GLv‡b, =3+6+9 R3 = 5Ω
R1 = Ro (1 + αθ1) 25°C ZvcgvÎvq †iva, R1 = 60Ω = 18Ω R4 = 3Ω
R1
⇒Ro = Avw` ZvcgvÎv, θ1 = 25°C R5 = 6Ω
1+αθ1
60 †iv‡ai DòZv ¸Yv¼, α = 4.2 × 10°/C R6 = 9Ω
= bZyb ZvcgvÎv, θ2 = 100°C Avevi, RS I R2 mgvšÍivj mgev‡q hy³ hv‡`i Zyj¨‡iva-
1+4.2×10−3 ×25
= 54.3Ω 1
100°C ZvcgvÎvq †iva, R2 = ? Rp = 1 1
Avevi, +
RS R2
R2 = Ro (1 + αθ2) =
1
1 1
= 54.3(1 + 4.2 × 10-3 +
18 6
× 100)
Page 26
 1 E1 Ges E2 `ywU †Kvl mgev‡q i‡q‡Q, GLv‡b,
= 1+3
18 G‡`i Zyj¨ Zwo”PvjK kw³, E1 = 1.5V
18
= ES = E1 + E2 r1 = 0.5Ω
4
9 = 3V E2 = 1.5V
∴Rp = Ω
2 Ges Zyj¨ Af¨šÍixY †iva, rs = r1 + r2 r2 = 0.5Ω
GLb, R1, RP I R3 †kªwY‡Z hy³| myZivs, †gvU Zyj¨‡iva- = 1Ω ewnt¯’ †iva, R1 = 10Ω
R = R1 + Rp + R3 E
9 ∴ IS = s
=5+ +5 rs +R1
2 3
10+9+10 29 = = 0.27 [Ans.]
= = Ω 1+10
2 2 (N) E1, E2 Ges E3 mgvšÍiv‡j hy³ i‡q‡Q G‡`i Zyj¨ Zwo”PvjK kw³, Ep=
∴ A I B Gi `yÕcÖv‡šÍi wefe cv_©K¨, VAB = IR
29 1.5V
= 10 × = 145 V [Ans.] ‡Kvl¸‡jvi Zyj¨ Af¨šÍixY †iva rp n‡j,
2
(N) 1 1 1 1 GLv‡b,
= + +
rp r1 r2 r3
1 1 1
eZ©bx 'L' G 3wU m`„k Zwor
= + + †Kvl mgvšÍiv‡j hy³|
r1 r1 r1
3 E1 = E2 = E3 = 1.5V
=
r1 r1 = r2 = r3 = 0.3Ω
r 0.3
∴ rp = 1 = = 0.1Ω ewnt¯’ †iva, R1 = 10Ω
3 3
∴ eZ©bx 'L' Gi ewnt¯’ †iva R1, Gi wfZi w`‡q Zwor cÖevn,
Dc‡ii eZ©bx wPÎ n‡Z cvB, Ep 1.5
B we›`y‡Z Kvk©‡di cª_g m~Îvbymv‡i, I = I1 + I2 IS' = IP = = = 0.15A
rp +R1 0.1+10
GLb, ABFGA e× eZ©bx‡Z Kvk©‡di 2q m~Î cª‡qvM K‡i cvB, Avevi, 'M' n‡Z cvB, eZ©bx 'K' Gi ewnt¯’ †iva R1 Gi wfZi w`‡q Zwor
12 = 4I2 + 5I + 3I2 cªevn 0.27A
⇒ 12 = 4I2 + 5 (I2 + I2) + 3I2 j¶¨ Kwi, 0.27 A > 0.15 A
⇒ 12 = 4I2 + 5I1 + 5I2 + 3I1 A_©vr, 'K' eZ©bx‡Z ewnt‡iv‡ai ga¨w`‡q †ewk Zworcªevn AwZµg Ki‡e|
⇒ 12 = 12I2 + 5I1 Zwor cªevn †ewk n‡j Drcbœ ZvcI †ewk n‡e|
⇒ 12 = 5I2 + 12I2 ................(i) ‡h‡nZy, H ∝ I2 ; myZivs, 'K' Gi ewnt‡ivawU †ewk DËß n‡e|
GKBfv‡e, BCDFB e× eZ©bx‡Z cvB, 38| 60Ω †iv‡ai `ywU †ivaK †kªwY‡Z hy³ K‡i 120V Zwor Dr‡mi mv‡_ hy³
8 = 1I2 + 5I + 2I1 Kiv nj| cieZ©x‡Z †ivaK `ywU mgvšÍiv‡j hy³ K‡i GKB Dr‡mi mv‡_ hy³
⇒ 8 = I1 + 5(I1 + I2) + 2I1 Kiv nj| [Kywgjøv †evW©-2019]
⇒ 4 = 8I1 + 5I2 ............ (ii) (K) †MªwUs aªæeK Kv‡K e‡j? [Aa¨vq-7]
(i) I (ii) bs mgvavb K‡i cvB, (L) ZvcgvÎv e„w× †c‡j Aa©cwievnxi †iva nªvm cvq †Kb e¨vL¨v Ki|
I1 = 0.51A [Aa¨vq-10]
I2 = 0.79A (M) †kªwYhy³ Ae¯’vq 60Ω †iv‡ai ga¨ w`‡q cªevwnZgvÎv wbY©q Ki|
GLv‡b, I1 < I2 (N) †Kvb ms‡hv‡M GKwU wbw`©ó mg‡q †ewk Zvc Drcbœ n‡e? MvwYwZK
myZivs, I2 eo n‡e| we‡kølY `vI|
37| 38 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
(K) ‡MªwUs aªæeK: AceZ©b †MªwUs-G †h †Kv‡bv GKwU wP‡ii ïiæ †_‡K cieZ©x
wP‡ii ïiæ ch©šÍ `~iZ¡‡K †MªwUs aªæeK e‡j|
(L) Aa©cwievnx‡Z †hvRb e¨vÛ c~Y© Ges cwienb e¨v‡Û †Kv‡bv B‡jKUªb _v‡K
bv, wKš‘ †hvRb e¨vÛ I cwienb e¨v‡Ûi g‡a¨ kw³ e¨eavb Lye Kg _v‡K|
mvaviY ZvcgvÎvq †hvRb e¨v‡Ûi wKQy B‡jKUªb †hvRbx eÜb †f‡½ cwienb
e¨v‡Û P‡j hvq d‡j Giv mvgvb¨ cwievnx nq| ZvcgvÎv e„w×i mv‡_ mv‡_
GKwU wbw`©ó ZvcgvÎv ch©šÍ cwienb e¨v‡Û B‡jKUªb msL¨v e„w× cvq ZvB
[XvKv †evW©-2019] ZvcgvÎv e„wׇZ Aa©cwievnxi cwievwnZv e„w× cvq Ges †iva nªvm cvq|
(K) Kvk©‡di 2q m~ÎwU wee„Z Ki| (M)
(L) ZvcgvÎv evo‡j cwievnxi †iva ev‡o †Kb? e¨vL¨v Ki| †kªwY‡Z hy³ Ae¯’vq Zyj¨‡iva, GLv‡b,
(M) eZ©bx-K Gi †¶‡Î IS -Gi gvb KZ? RS = R1 + R2 ‡iva, R1 = R2
(N) eZ©bx K I L Gi g‡a¨ †KvbwUi ewnt‡iva †ewk DËß n‡e? we‡kølY = (60 + 60)Ω = 60Ω
Ki| = 120Ω Zwo”PvjK kw³, E = 120V
E
37 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi Zwor cªev‡ni gvb, IS =
RS
(K) Kvk©‡di 2q m~Î: Kvk©‡di 2q m~ÎwU n‡jv- †Kv‡bv eÜ eZ©bxi AšÍM©Z †gvU 120V
Zwo”PvjK kw³ H eZ©bxi wewfbœ kvLv¸‡jvi †iva Ges Zv‡`i ga¨ w`‡q =
120Ω
cªevwnZ mswkøó we`¨yr cªevngvÎvi ¸Yd‡ji exRMvwYwZK †hvMd‡ji mgvb| = 1A [Ans.]
(L) ZvcgvÎv evo‡j cwievn‡Ki †iva ev‡o| cwievn‡Ki g‡a¨ gy³ B‡jKUª‡bi
cªev‡ni d‡j Zwor cªevn m„wó nq| gy³ B‡jKUªb cªev‡ni, mgq cwievn‡Ki (N) 'M' n‡Z cªvß, †kªwY‡Z hy³ Ae¯’vq Zyj¨‡iva, RS = 120Ω
AYy-cigvYyi mv‡_ msN‡l© wjß nq| hvi Kvi‡Y cwievn‡K †iv‡ai D™¢e nq| mgvšÍivj hy³ Ae¯’vq Zyj¨‡iva Rp n‡j,
ZvcgvÎv evo‡j AwZwi³ kw³ cvIqv cwievn‡Ki AYy cigvYy¸‡jvi K¤úb 1 1 1
= +
RP R1 R2
†e‡o hvq| d‡j gy³ B‡jKUªb¸‡jvi mv‡_ G‡`i msNl© e„w× cvq Ges cÖevn 1 1
Pjvi c‡_ †ewk evavi m„wó nq| GKvi‡Y ZvcgvÎv e„w× †c‡j cwievn‡Ki = +
60 60
†iva e„w× cvq| 1+1
=
60
(M)
∴ R P = 30Ω
Page 27
 Drcbœ Zvc e¨wqZ ˆe`¨ywZK kw³i mgvbycvwZK nIqvq,
V2
HS P1 RS RP
= = V2
=
HP P2 RS
RP
HS 30
ev, =
HP 120
HS 1 [PÆMªvg †evW©-2019]
ev, = <1 (K) Zzj¨ †iva Kx?
HP 4
∴ HS < HP (L) Zwor †PŠ¤^Kxq Av‡ek kw³i m„wó bq eis kw³i iƒcvšÍi- e¨vL¨v `vI|
myZivs, †kªwY ms‡hvM A‡c¶v mgvšÍivj ms‡hv‡M †ewk Zvc Drcbœ n‡e| (M) R2 †iv‡ai ga¨ w`‡q Zwor cªev‡ni gvb wbY©q Ki|
39| (N) DÏxc‡Ki 'A' jy‡ci R1, †iv‡ai mv‡_ †kªwY‡Z bv wK mgvšÍiv‡j KZ
†iva hy³ Ki‡j Dfq jy‡c GKB Zwor cªevwnZ n‡e- MvwYwZKfv‡e hvPvB
Ki|
40 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
(K) Zzj¨ †iva: †iv‡ai †Kv‡bv mgev‡qi †iva¸‡jvi cwie‡Z© †h GKwUgvÎ †iva
e¨envi Ki‡j eZ©bxi cªevn I wefe cv_©‡K¨i †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b nq bv Zv‡K
H mgev‡qi Zyj¨‡iva e‡j|
(L) ZvwoZ †PŠ¤^K Av‡e‡ki d‡j †`Lv hvq †h, †Kv‡bv eÜ KyÛjx‡Z Zwo”PvjK
[h‡kvi †evW©-2019]
kw³i Drm QvovB Zwor cªevn Drcbœ nq| AvcvZ `„wó‡Z g‡b nq GLv‡b
(K) Zwor w؇giæi msÁv `vI| [Aa¨vq-2]
bZyb kw³ m„wó n‡”Q A_©vr kw³i wbZ¨Zv m~Î jw•NZ n‡”Q| wKš‘ cªK„Zc‡¶
(L) cvwbi civ‰e`¨ywZK aªæe‡Ki gv‡b †ewk nIqv m‡Ë¡I †Kb WvBB‡jKwUªK
ZvwoZ †PŠ¤^K Av‡e‡k †Kv‡bv bZyb kw³ m„wó nq bv| eis kw³i iƒcvšÍi
wnmv‡e cvwb e¨envi Kiv nq bv? e¨vL¨v Ki| [Aa¨vq-2]
N‡U| †j‡Ri m~Î ‡_‡K Zv cªgvY Kiv hvq|
(M) eZ©bxi Zyj¨ †iva wbY©q Ki|
(N) eZ©bxi AvDUcy‡U (220V − 100 W) Gi GKwU evj¦ ms‡hvRb Kiv n‡j
(M) I'‡gi m~Î e¨envi K‡i cvB,
evj¦wUi †Kv‡bv ¶wZ n‡e wK bv hvPvB Ki|
R₂ †iv‡ai wfZi w`‡q Zwor cªev‡ni gvb,
39 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi E
I R2 = GLv‡b,
(K) Zwor w؇giæ: `ywU mgvb wKš‘ wecixZag©x we›`yPvR© AwZ Aí `~i‡Z¡ Aew¯’Z R1 +R2
24 A jy‡ci †ivamg~n n‡jv
n‡j Zv‡K Zwor w؇giæ e‡j| =
(L) cvwbi civ‰e`¨ywZK aªæeK A‡bK †ewk; Z‡e weï× Ae¯’vq _vK‡jB †Kej 4+2 ‡iva, R1 = 4Ω
= 4A (Ans.] ‡iva, R2 = 4Ω
GwU fv‡jv AšÍi‡Ki g‡Zv AvPiY K‡i| wKš‘ cvwb‡Z Ac`ªe¨ `ªexf~Z _vK‡j
cvwb cwievnxi g‡Zv AvPiY K‡i, ZvB cvwb avi‡Ki WvB-B‡jKwUªK wn‡m‡e Zwo”PvjK ej, E = 24V
Dchy³ bq| ZvQvov cvwb Zij c`v_© nIqvq GwU avi‡Ki WvB-B‡jKwUªK
wn‡m‡e myweavRbK bq| G Kvi‡Y cvwbi civ‰e`¨ywZK aªæe‡Ki gvb †ewk (N) g‡b Kwi, eZ©bxi R1 As‡k R1 cwie‡Z© R1' †iva hy³ _vK‡j `yB jy‡ci
nIqv m‡Ë¡I WvB B‡jKwUªK wn‡m‡e e¨envi Kiv nq bv| wfZi w`‡q GKB Zwor cªevwnZ n‡e|
GLv‡b, IA = IB
E E
(M) awi, R1 = 8Ω, R2 = 6Ω, R3 = 10Ω I R4 = 2Ω ev, =
R′1 +R′2 R4 +R3
DÏxc‡K R1, R2 I R3 mgvšÍiv‡j hy³ _vKvq G mgev‡qi Zyj¨‡iva RP
ev, R1' + R2 = R4 + R3
n‡j,
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ev, R1' = R4 + R3 − R2 = 9 + 3 – 2 = 10Ω
= + + = + + jÿ Kwi, 10Ω > 4Ω ev, R1' > R1, A_©vr R1 As‡k cÖ‡qvRbxq †iva
RP R1 R2 R3 8 6 10
∴ R P = 2.55Ω we`¨gvb †iva A‡cÿv †ewk|
‡kªwY‡Z hy³ R4 I RP Gi g‡a¨ Zzj¨‡iva RS n‡j, myZivs, R1 Gi mv‡_ (10 − 4) = 6Ω †iva †kªwY mgev‡q jvMv‡Z n‡e|
∴ RS = R4 + Rp = 2 + 2.55 = 4.55Ω [Ans.] 41| wPÎwU j¶ Ki:

(N) eZ©bxi AvDUcyU †Kvb `yB we›`y †_‡K wb‡Z n‡e †mUv cª‡kœ ev DÏxc‡K D‡jøL
†bB|

[ewikvj †evW©-2019]
D³ we›`yØq n‡Z cv‡i A I B A_ev A I C A_ev B I C| hw` (K) Zwor w؇giæ Kv‡K e‡j? [Aa¨vq-2]
AvDUcy‡Ui cªvšÍ؇qi g‡a¨ AbwaK 220V †fv‡ëR _v‡K, Z‡e †mLv‡b D³ (L) PvwR©Z mgvšÍivj cvZavi‡Ki evwn‡i Zwor‡¶Î _v‡K bv-e¨vL¨v Ki|
evj¦ ms‡hv‡Mi d‡j evj¦wUi †Kv‡bv ¶wZ n‡e bv| wKš‘ GLv‡b g~j Zwor [Aa¨vq-2]
Dr‡mi Zwo”PvjK kw³ 12V ZvB A I B ev A I C ev B I C we›`y؇qi (M) Q †iv‡ai mv‡_ KZ gv‡bi †iva Kxfv‡e hy³ Ki‡j eªxRwU mvg¨ve¯’v jvf
ga¨Kvi wefe cv_©K¨ 12V A‡c¶v Kg n‡e (‡Kv‡li Af¨šÍixY †iva Ki‡e?
_vKvq)| (N) eªx‡Ri mvg¨ve¯’vq ABC Ges ADC As‡ki cªevngvÎvi AbycvZ Ges
ZvB cª`Ë eZ©bxi †h‡Kv‡bv `yB we›`y‡K AvDUcy‡Ui cªvšÍØq a‡i wbB bv †Kb, †iv‡ai Abycv‡Zi g‡a¨ m¤úK© †Kgb n‡e? MvwYwZK we‡køl‡Yi mvnv‡h¨
evj¦wU ms‡hvR‡bi d‡j Gi †Kv‡bv ¶wZ n‡e bv| gZvgZ `vI|
40| 41 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
(K) Zwor w؇giæ: `ywU mgvb wKš‘ wecixZag©x we›`yPvR© AwZ Aí `~i‡Z¡ Aew¯’Z
n‡j Zv‡K Zwor w؇giæ e‡j|
Page 28
(L) 42 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
(K) Kv‡k©‡di 2q m~Î: Kvk©‡di 2q m~ÎwU n‡jv- †Kv‡bv e× eZ©bxi AšÍM©Z †gvU
Zwo”PvjK kw³ H eZ©bxi wewfbœ kvLv¸‡jvi †iva Ges Zv‡`i ga¨ w`‡q
cªevwnZ mswkøó we`¨yr cªevngvÎvi ¸Yd‡ji exRMvwYwZK †hvMd‡ji mgvb|
(L) A¨vwgUv‡ii mv‡_ mgvšÍiv‡j Lye ¯^ígv‡bi GKwU †iva jvwM‡q A¨vwgUv‡ii
1
cvjøv' e„w× Kiv nq| G‡K mv›U e‡j| †iv‡ai R ∝ m~Îvbymv‡i, miæ avZe
A
Zv‡ii †iva A‡c¶vK„Z †ewk nIqvq G‡K mv›U wn‡m‡e e¨envi Kiv hvq bv|
KviY Gi d‡j A¨vwgUv‡ii wfZi w`‡q †ewk gvÎvi Zwor cªevwnZ n‡q
hw` Avgiv mgvšÍivj cvZ avi‡Ki Pvicv‡k Dc‡ii wP‡Îi gZ Dfq, cv‡Zi
A¨vwgUvi‡K cywo‡q †dj‡Z cv‡i| Ab¨ K_vq miæ avZe Zvi mv›U wn‡m‡e
evB‡i GKwU MvDmxq Zj Kíbv Kwi; Z‡e †`Lv hvq †h, ZjwU KZ©…K Ave×
e¨envi K‡i A¨vwgUv‡ii cvjøv †ewk e„w× Kiv m¤¢e bq|
†gvU Pv‡R©i gvb k~b¨ [+ q + (−q) = 0]| GLb, MvD‡mi m~Î n‡Z ejv (M) Avgiv Rvwb, 0°C
hvq †h, Ave× Z‡ji Af¨šÍ‡i wbU PvR© k~b¨ nIqvq D³ Z‡j wbU d¬v·I
ZvcgvÎvq †iva R0 n‡j, 0°C cªv_wgK ZvcgvÎv, θ1 = 25oC
k~b¨ nq| G Kvi‡YB PvwR©Z mgvšÍivj cvZ avi‡Ki evwn‡i Zwor‡¶Î _v‡K
ZvcgvÎvq †iva, P~ovšÍ ZvcgvÎv, θ2 = 250oC
bv|
Rθ = R0 (1 + αθ) Ges cªv_wgK ZvcgvÎvq †iva, R₁ = 65Ω
(M) GLv‡b, P = 150Ω
∴ 25°C ZvcgvÎvq †iva, †iv‡ai DòZv ¸YvsK, α = 4.5×10-3oC-1
Q = 100Ω
R = 20 Ω R1 = R0 (1 + αθ) P~ovšÍ ZvcgvÎvq †iva, R2
S = 10Ω Ges 250°C ZvcgvÎvq †iva,
awi, 2q evûi †iva Q' n‡j weªRwU mvg¨ve¯’v cªvß n‡e| (iii) ÷ (i) n‡Z cvB,
R2 250α
Avgiv Rvwb, =
R1 1+25α
P R
mvg¨ve¯’vq, = 1 + 250×4.5 ×10−13
Q′ S = = 1.91
S 1 + 25 × 4.5 × 10−13
⇒ P × = Q′ ∴ R 2 = 1.91R1
R
ev, Q′ = 150 × = 75Ω
10 = 1.91 × 65Ω
20 = 124.15Ω [Ans.]
†h‡nZy Q′ < Q †m‡nZy awi, 2q evû‡Z Q1 †iva mgvšÍiv‡j hy³ Ki‡Z (N)
n‡e| 𝜌𝑙 GLv‡b,
1 1 1 Avgiv Rvwb, R =
∴ ′= + ′ A
awi, 2q KyÛjxi Zv‡ii ˆ`N¨© = l2
Q Q Q 1g KyÛjxi †iva, R1 Ges
1 1 1 2q KyÛjxi Zv‡ii e¨vm = D2
⇒ = − 2q KyÛjxi †iva, R2 n‡j,
Q1 75 100 1g KyÛjxi Zv‡ii ˆ`N¨©, l1 = 2l2
1 1 ρl2
⇒ = R2 = D ...........(i) 1g KyÛjxi Zv‡ii e¨vm, D1 = 2D2
Q1 300 π 2
4
∴ Q1 = 300Ω
ρl1
myZivs, 2q evû‡Z Q †iv‡ai mv‡_ 300Ω †iva mgvšÍivj hy³ Ki‡j weªRwU Ges R1 = 2 ...........(ii)
D
mvg¨ve¯’v jvf Ki‡e| π 1
4
(N) weª‡Ri mvg¨ve¯’vq, IG = 0A Ges eZ©bxwU wbgœiƒc n‡e - (ii) + (i) K‡i cvB,
l1
R1 D2
1
= l2
R2
D2
2
R1 l1 D2
1 2l2 ×D2
2 1
= = =
R2 l2 D2
2 l2 ×4D2
2 2
∴ R2 = 2R1
Avgiv Rvwb, e¨wqZ Zworkw³ WJ Ges Drcbœ Zvc H cal n‡j, W = JH
W
∴H= =
J
GLv‡b, E = I1(P + Q') = I2(R + S) V2
I1 R+S W t
R
= ∴H= =
I2 P+Q′ J 4.2
20+10 2 1
= = ∴ 𝐻 ∝ [∵ V aªæeK]
150+75 15 R
ABC I ADC As‡ki †iva h_vµ‡g R1 I R2 n‡j, †h‡nZz R₂ > R₁, AZGe 1g KyÛjx‡Z †ewk Zvc Drcbœ n‡e|
R1 P+Q′ 43| DÏxcKwU j¶¨ Ki Ges wb‡Pi cªkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI:
=
R2 R+S
150+75 15
= =
20+10 2
AZGe, weª‡Ri mvg¨ve¯’vq ABC Ges ADC As‡ki cªevngvÎvi AbycvZ
Ges †iv‡ai Abycv‡Zi g‡a¨ m¤úK© e¨¯ÍvbycvwZK|
42| ¯^vfvweK ZvcgvÎvq (25°C) Uvs‡÷b Zv‡ii †iva 65Ω| Giƒc Zvi w`‡q
`ywU ˆe`¨ywZK wnUv‡ii KyÐjx ˆZwi K‡i ˆe`¨ywZK jvB‡bi mv‡_ (220V) [w`bvRcyi †evW©-2019]
mgvšÍiv‡j hy³ Kiv nj| G‡Z KyÐjx Zv‡ii ZvcgvÎv 250°C G DbœxZ nj| (K) GbUªwc wK? [Aa¨vq-1]
1g KyÐjx Zv‡ii ˆ`N¨© I e¨vm DfqB 2q KyÐjxi Zyjbvq wظY| Uvs‡÷b (L) ewW-‡¯úª e¨env‡ii mgq VvÛv Abyf~Z nq †Kb? e¨vL¨v Ki| [Aa¨vq-1]
†iv‡ai DòZv ¸YvsK α = 4.5×10-3°C-1 [wm‡jU †evW©-2019]
(M) eZ©bxi cªevngvÎv wbY©q Ki|
(K) Kv‡k©‡di 2q m~ÎwU wjL| (N) eZ©bx‡Z Abyiƒc Av‡iv GKwU †Kvl †kªwY‡Z hy³ Ki‡j †iva R-G Drcbœ
(L) miæ avZe Zvi‡K mv›U wn‡m‡e e¨envi Kiv nq bv †Kb? e¨vL¨v Ki| Zvc kw³i nvi †Kgb n‡e? MvwYwZKfv‡e we‡kølY Ki|
(M) 250°C G Uvs‡÷b Zv‡ii †iva KZ n‡e? 43 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
(N) †Kvb KyÐjx‡Z †ewk Zvc Drcbœ n‡e? MvwYwZK we‡kølYmn gšÍe¨ Ki| (K) GbUªwc: iæ×Zvc cªwµqvq e¯Íyi †h Zvcxq ag© w¯’i _v‡K, Zv‡K GbUªwc e‡j|

Page 29
(L) ewW-‡¯úª e¨env‡ii mgq iæ×Zvcxq cªwµqv m¤úbœ nq| †h cªwµqvq wm‡÷g
Zvc MªnY ev eR©b K‡i bv, wKš‘ ZvcgvÎvi cwieZ©b N‡U Zv‡K iæ×Zvcxq
cªwµqv e‡j| ewo-‡¯úª‡Z Mv‡mi nVvr `ªæZ cªmviY nq e‡j G mgq D³ c`v_©
cwi‡e‡ki mv‡_ Zv‡ci Av`vb-cª`vb Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| GwU iæ×Zvcxq
cªwµqv|
ZvcMwZwe`¨vq 1g m~Îvbyhvqx, dQdU+ dw iæ×Zvcxq cªwµqvq dQ = 0
e‡j dW = − dU nq| d‡j ewW †¯úª Kivi mgq iæ×Zvcxq cªmviY nIqvq
Af¨šÍixY kw³ Øviv AvqZb e„w×RwbZ KvR m¤úvw`Z nq Ges wm‡÷g kxZj
nq| G Kvi‡Y ewW †¯úª e¨env‡ii mgq VvÛv Abyf~Z nq|
(M)
wP‡Îi eZ©bx‡Z Kvk©‡di 2q GLv‡b,
m~Îvbyhvqx, E = Ir + IR = I(R + r) ewnteZ©bxi †iva, R = 15Ω
E Af¨šÍixY †iva, r = 0.2Ω
∴I=
R+r
9 †Kv‡li Zwo”PvjK kw³, E = 9V
=
15+0.2 eZ©bxi cªevngvÎv, I = ?
= 0.592 A [Ans.]

(N) wP‡Î cª`wk©Z eZ©bx‡Z Abyiƒc AviI GKwU †Kvl †kªwY‡Z hy³ Ki‡j cªvß
eZ©bxwU wbgœiƒc n‡e-

wPÎ-2 G wPÎ-1 Gi †Kvl `ywUi †kªwY mgev‡qi Zyj¨ eZ©bx †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q|

GLv‡b, m`„k †Kvl؇qi †kªwY mgev‡q Zyj¨ Zwo”PvjK kw³, E' = 2E Ges
Zzj¨ Af¨šÍixY †iva, r' = r + r = 2r [∵ †kªwY‡Z hy³]
E′
∴ wPÎ-2 G, Zwor cªevn I' n‡j In‡gi m~Îvbymv‡i, I' =
R+r′
2E 2×9
I′ = =
R+2r 15+2×0.2
′
∴ I = 1.169A
myZivs, eZ©bx‡Z Abyiƒc Av‡iv GKwU †Kvl †kªwY‡Z hy³ Ki‡j †iva R G
Drcbœ Zvc kw³i nvi n‡e = I' 2R = (1.169)2 = 20.5W [Ans.]

Page 30