welq: c`v_©weÁvb wØZxq cÎ

Aa¨vq-05: Zwor‡PŠ¤^Kxq Av‡ek I cwieZ©x cÖevn

‡evW© cÖkœ I mgvavb
1| wkjv w`KcwieZ©x Zwo”PvjK kw³i GKwU mgxKiY wjLj Gfv‡e 𝐸 = (L) KwVb I †Kvgj †PŠ¤^K c`v_© wba©vi‡Y wnm‡Uwiwmm jy‡ci e¨envi e¨vL¨v
6𝑠𝑖𝑛314 𝑡 bvwej ejj, Kvh©Ki Zwo”PvjK kw³i gvb 6 𝑉 Gi Kg n‡e| Ki|
[PÆMÖvg †evW©Ñ2019] (M) gyL¨ KzÐjx‡Z Kvh©Ki cÖevngvÎv wbY©q Ki|
(K) GK d¨vivW Kx? (N) MvwYwZK we‡køl‡Yi mvnv‡h¨ DÏxc‡Ki UªvÝdg©v‡ii cÖK…wZ wba©viY Ki|
(L) †Kv‡bv e¯‘i PvR© 0.8  10−19 𝐶 n‡Z cv‡i bvÑe¨vL¨v Ki| [Aa¨vq-2] 2 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
(M) ZworPvjK e‡ji ch©vqKvj wbY©q Ki| (K) nj cÖfve: †Kvb cvZ AvK…wZi Zworevnx cwievnx‡K †PŠ¤^K †ÿ‡Îi mv‡_
(N) bvwej wK mwVK e‡jwQj? MvwYwZKfv‡e e¨vL¨v Ki| j¤^fv‡e ¯’vcb Kiv n‡j Zwor cÖevn I †PŠ¤^K †ÿÎ Df‡qi mv‡_ j¤^ eivei cv‡Zi
1 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `yB wecixZ c„‡ô GKwU wefe cv_©K¨ m„wó nq| G NUbv‡K nj cÖfve e‡j|
(K) GK d¨vivW: †Kv‡bv avi‡Ki cvZ؇qi wefe cv_©K¨ 1𝑉 eRvq ivL‡Z hw` (L) wnm‡Uwiwmm jyc e¨envi K‡i c`v‡_©i †PŠ¤^K aviY ÿgZv mnbkxjZv I †PŠ¤^K
cÖ‡Z¨K cv‡Z 1𝐶 gv‡bi Avav‡bi cÖ‡qvRb nq Zvn‡j †mB avi‡Ki aviKZ¡‡K 1 MÖvnxZv wba©viY Kiv hvq| KwVb c`v_©‡K wePz¤^KvwqZ Ki‡Z †h cwigvY cðvreZ©x
d¨vivW e‡j| Pz¤^Kvqb †ÿÎ cÖ‡qvRb, †Kvgj c`v‡_©i Zzjbvq A‡bK †ewk| wnm‡U‡iwmm jy‡ci
(L) GKwU B‡jKUªb ev †cÖvU‡bi PvR©B n‡jv cÖK…wZ‡Z b~¨bZg gv‡bi PvR©| GKwU 𝑌 A‡ÿi LwÐZvsk †Kv‡bv c`v‡_©i †PŠ¤^K aviY ·gZv wb‡`©k K‡i| G †_‡K †`Lv
B‡jKUª‡bi PvR¨‡K (−𝑒) Ges †cÖvU‡bi PvR©‡K (+𝑒) Øviv wPwýZ Kiv nq hvq KwVb c`v‡_©i †PŠ¤^K aviY ÿgZv †Kvgj c`v‡_©i †P‡q A‡bK Kg| GQvovI
†hLv‡b, 𝑒 = 1.6021810−19 𝐶| †Kvgj c`v‡_©i †PŠ¤^K MÖvnxZv KwVb c`v‡_©i †P‡q A‡bK †ewk| myZivs †`Lv hv‡”Q
cixÿvi mvnv‡h¨ †`Lv hvq †h, cÖK…wZ‡Z †Kv‡bv e¯‘i †gvU PvR© GKwU wbw`©ó b~¨bZg Dc‡ii D‡jøwLZ c`v‡_©i ˆewk󨸇jv wba©vi‡Y wnm‡Uwiwmm jyc e¨envi Kiv hvq|
gv‡bi c~Y© msL¨vi ¸wYZK| B‡jKUª‡bi PvR©B n‡jv GB wbw`©ó b~¨bZg gvb| mKj (M) gyL¨ KzÐjx‡Z cÖhy³ cÖevngvÎv, 𝑖 = 5 sin 100 𝜔𝑡 G‡K w`K cieZ©x
PvwR©Z e¯‘i g‡a¨ we`¨gvb PvR©B G ÿz`ªZg Pv‡R©i ¸wYZK gvÎ; A_©vr B‡jKUª‡bi cÖev‡ni mgxKiY, 𝑖 = 𝐼0 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜔𝑡 Gi Zzjbvq 𝐼0 = 5𝐴 |
Pv‡R©i ¸wYZK n‡e| G‡K Pv‡R©i †Kvqv›Uvqb e‡j| †Kv‡bv e¯‘‡Z †h‡Kv‡bv gv‡bi gyL¨ KzÐjxi Kvh©Ki cÖevn 𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠1 n‡j,
𝐼 5
PvR© _vK‡Z cv‡i bv| B‡jKUª‡bi PvR© 𝑒 n‡j †Kv‡bv e¯‘i ‡gvU PvR© 𝑞 = 𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠1 = 0 = = 3.5𝐴 [𝐴𝑛𝑠. ]
√2 √2
𝑛𝑒; 𝑛 = 0 ± 1, ±2, … … … .. (N) ÔMÕ n‡Z cÖvß,
A_©vr †Kv‡bv e¯‘‡Z Pv‡R©i gvb +10𝑒 ev −7𝑒 n‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ +5.32𝑒 n‡Z gyL¨ KzÐjx‡Z Kvh©Kix cÖevngvÎv, 𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠1 = 3.54𝐴
cv‡i bv| GLv‡b 0.810−19 𝐶 n‡Z cv‡i bv| Avgiv Rvwb, GLv‡b,
(M) †`Iqv Av‡Q, ÿgZv, 𝑃 = 𝐼 2 𝑅 ‡MŠY KzÐjx‡Z †iva, 𝑅𝑠 = 20Ω
𝐸 = 6 sin 314𝑡 GLb, †MŠY KzÐjx‡Z, ‡MŠY KzÐjx‡Z cÖvß ÿgZv,
G‡K, 𝐸 = 𝐸0 sin(2𝜋𝑓𝑡) Gi mv‡_ Zzjbv K‡i cvB, 2
𝑃2 = 150𝑊
𝑃2 = 𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠 2
𝑅𝑠
2𝜋𝑓𝑡 = 314𝑡 ‡MŠY KzÐjx‡Z Kvh©Kix cÖevngvÎv,
314𝑡 𝑃2
ev, 𝑓 = ev, 𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠2 = √ 𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠2 =?
2𝜋𝑡 𝑅𝑠
314
= = 50 𝐻𝑧
23.1416 150
myZivs, Zwo”PvjK e‡ji ch©vqKvj, 𝑇 = =
1 1
= 0.02 sec [𝐴𝑛𝑠. ] =√ = 2.74𝐴
𝑓 50 20
(N) Zwo”PvjK e‡ji mgxKiY, 𝐸 = 6 sin 314𝑡  𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠1 > 𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠2
𝐸 − Gi Kvh©Ki gvb wbY©qK‡í GKwU c~Y©Pµ we‡ePbv K‡i, A_©vr, gyL¨ KzÐjx‡Z Zwor cÖev‡ni gvb †MŠY KzÐjx A‡cÿv †ewk| myZivs
1 1
Mo eM©gvb = ∑𝜋0 𝐸 2 𝑑𝑡 = ∑0.02(6 𝑠𝑖𝑛314𝑡)2 𝑑𝑡 [∵ 𝑇 = UªvÝdg©viwU †÷c Avc UªvÝdg©vi|
𝑇 0.02 0
0.02𝑠𝑒𝑐] 3| GKwU we`y¨r Drcv`bKvix KzÐjx‡K 20 𝑊𝑏𝑚−2 gv‡bi mylg †PŠ¤^K
36
∑0.02 2 †ÿ‡Î 6.28 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑠 −1 mg‡KŠwYK †e‡M Nyi‡Z †`qv nj| KzÐjxi cvK msL¨v
= 0 (sin 314𝑡)𝑑𝑡
0.02
18
I †ÿÎdj h_vµ‡g 100 Ges 1.0𝑚2 |
= ∑0.02(2sin2 314𝑡)𝑑𝑡 [wm‡jU †evW©Ñ2019]
0.02 0
0 [1 − cos(2314𝑡)]𝑑𝑡
= 900 ∑0.02 (K) ¯^Kxq Av‡ek ¸Yv¼ Kv‡K e‡j?
sin(628𝑡) 0.02 (L) M¨vwjwjI iƒcvšÍi j‡iÄ iƒcvšÍ‡ii GKwU we‡kl Ae¯’vÑe¨vLv Ki|
= 900 [𝑡 − ] [Aa¨vq-8]
628 0
sin(6280.02) 𝑠𝑖𝑛0 (M) hLb KzÐjxwU †PŠ¤^K †ÿ‡Îi mv‡_ j¤^vjw¤^fv‡e _v‡K ZLb KzÛjx‡Z
= 900 [0.02 − 0 − + ]
628 628 Avweó †fv‡ë‡Ri gvb KZ?
sin(12.56)
= 900 [0.02 − + 0] (N) KzÐiwi ga¨ w`‡q AwZµvšÍ ‡PŠ¤^K d¬v‡·i m‡e©v”P gvb Ges KzÐjx‡Z
628
sin(43.14) Avweó †fv‡ë‡Ri m‡e©v”P gvb GKB mg‡q n‡e wK? MvwYwZK
= 900 [0.02 − ]
628 we‡kølYmn e³e¨ Ki|
sin 4𝜋
= 900 [0.02 − ] 3 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
628
= 900[0.02 − 0] (K) ¯^Kxq Av‡ek ¸Yv¼: †Kv‡bv KzÐjx‡Z Zwor cÖevn mg‡qi mv‡_ GKK nv‡i
= 18𝑉 2 cwiewZ©Z n‡j H KzÐjx‡Z †h Zwo”PvjK ej Avweó nq Zv‡K H KzÐjxi ¯^Kxq
 g~j Mo eM©gvb ev Kvh©Ki gvb = √18𝑉 2 = 4.24𝑉 < 6𝑉 Av‡ek ¸Yv¼ (𝐿) e‡j|
(L) Avgiv Rvwb, cÖm½ KvVv‡gvi mv‡c‡ÿ †Kv‡bv e¯‘ MwZ‡e‡M Pj‡Z _vK‡j
myZivs MvwYwZK we‡køl‡Y †`Lv hv‡”Q, Kvh©Ki Zwo”PvjK kw³i gvb 6𝑉 A‡cÿv
e¯‘wUi AvcvZ ˆ`N¨© n‡e,
Kg| A_©vr bvwej mwVK e‡jwQj|
𝑣2
2| GKwU UªvÝdg©v‡ii gyL¨ KzÐjx‡Z cÖhy³ cÖevngvÎv 𝑖 = 5 sin 100𝜋𝑡| Gi 𝐿 = 𝐿0 √1 − … … … . . (𝑖) [j‡iÄ iƒcvšÍi n‡Z]
𝑐2
‡MŠY KzÐjx‡Z cÖvß ÿgZv 150 𝑊 Ges †MŠY KzÐjxi †iva 20Ω|
[ewikvj †evW©Ñ2019] GLv‡b, 𝐿0 n‡jv e¯‘wUi wbðj ˆ`N¨©|
(K) nj cÖfve Kv‡K e‡j?
Alphaphysics 1
 𝐸𝑝 𝐸𝑠
wKš‘ M¨vwjwjI iƒcvšÍi Abymv‡i 𝐿 = 𝐿0 nIqvi K_v| jÿ¨ Kwi, k~b¨¯’v‡b Av‡jvi ev, 𝐸𝑝 = 𝐸𝑠
𝑣 𝑅𝑝 𝑅𝑠
†e‡Mi (𝑐) Zzjbvq e¯‘i MwZ‡eM (𝑣) A‡bK Kg gv‡bi n‡j A_©vr, ≈ 0 n‡j 2
𝑐 𝐸𝑝 𝐸𝑠2
(𝑖) bs n‡Z cvB, ev, =
𝑅𝑝 𝑅𝑠
𝐿 = 𝐿0 √1 − 02 = 𝐿0 ; myZivq ch©‡eÿK I ch©‡eÿ‡bi ga¨Kvi Av‡cwÿK 𝑅𝑠 𝐸𝑠2
ev, = 2
†eM k~b¨¯’v‡b Av‡jvi †e‡Mi Zzjbvq A‡bK Kg n‡j j‡iÄ iƒcvšÍi M¨vwjwjI 𝑅𝑝 𝐸𝑝
𝑅𝑠 (2200)2
iƒcvšÍ‡ii iƒc †bq| ev, = (220)2
𝑅𝑝
(M) 𝑁 cv‡Ki KzÐjx‡Z Avweó 𝑅𝑠
Zwo”PvjK e‡ji ZvrÿwYK gvb 𝐸 n‡j, GLv‡b, ev, = 100
𝑅𝑝
𝐸 = 𝜔𝑁𝐴𝐵𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 ‡PŠ¤^K †ÿÎ, 𝐵 = 20𝑊𝑏𝑚−2  𝑅𝑠 : 𝑅𝑃 = 100: 1
= 6.18  100  1.0  20  𝑠𝑖𝑛00 cvK msL¨v, 𝑁 = 100 myZivs, KzÐjx؇qi †iv‡ai AbycvZ wbY©q Kiv hv‡e Ges D³ Abycv‡Zi 100: 1|
= 0 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡 [𝐴𝑛𝑠. ] ‡ÿÎdj, 𝐴 = 1.0𝑚2
KzÐjxi †ÿÎdj †f±i 𝐴⃗ I †PŠ¤^K
†ÿÎ 𝐵 ⃗⃗ Gi ga¨Kvi †KvY, 𝜃 = 00
KzÐjx‡Z Avweó †fv‡ëR, 𝐸 =?
(N) ÔMÕ n‡Z cvB,
KzÐjxwUi ga¨ w`‡q †h †Kv‡bv gyn~‡Z© (𝑡 = 𝑡1 ) AwZµvšÍ d¬v· 𝜑 n‡j
𝜑 = 𝐴𝐵 cos(𝜔𝑡1 )
𝜑 m‡e©v”P n‡e hLb, cos(𝜔𝑡1 ) = 1 n‡e
ev, 𝜔𝑡1 = cos −1 (1)
ev, 𝜔𝑡1 = 0
 𝑡1 = 0 𝑠𝑒𝑐
KzÐjx‡Z Avweó Zwo”PvjK e‡ji †h †Kv‡bv gyn~‡Z© 𝑡2 ‡Z gvb 𝐸 n‡j,
𝐸 = 𝜔𝑁𝐴𝐵𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝜔𝑡2 )
𝐸 m‡e©v”P n‡e, hLb sin(𝜔𝑡2 ) = 1
𝜋
ev, 𝜔𝑡2 = sin−1 (1) =
2
𝜋
ev, 𝑡2 =
2𝜔
𝜋
=
2 6.28
= 0.25 𝑠𝑒𝑐
𝑡2 > 𝑡1 A_©vr KzÐjxi ga¨ w`‡q AwZµvšÍ †PŠ¤^K d¬v‡·i m‡e©v”P gvb Ges
KzÐjx‡Z Avweó †fv‡ë‡Ri m‡e©v”P gvb GKB mgq n‡e bv| G‡`i ga¨Kvi mg‡qi
e¨eavb 0.25𝑠𝑒𝑐 (DÏxc‡K ewY©Z KzÐjxi †ÿ‡Î)|
4 | GKwU †÷cAvc UªvÝdigv‡i 220𝑉 mieivn K‡i 2200𝑉 cvIqv hvq|
UªvÝdigviwUi gyL¨ KzÐjxi cvKmsL¨v 500 Ges †iva 0.5Ω|
[w`bvRcyi †evW©Ñ2019]
(K) ‡PŠ¤^K d¬v· wK?
(L) wWwm Dr‡mi mv‡_ UªvÝdigvi hy³ Ki‡j GwU KvR K‡i bv †Kb?
(M) ‡MŠY KzÐjxi cvKmsL¨v wbY©q Ki|
(N) DÏxcK Abymv‡i KzÐjx؇qi †iv‡ai AbycvZ wbY©q Kiv hv‡e wK bv?Ñ
we‡kølYc~e©K gZvgZ `vI|
4 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
(K) †PŠ¤^K d¬v·: †Kv‡bv Z‡ji †ÿÎdj Ges H Z‡ji j¤^ eivei †PŠ¤^K †ÿ‡Îi
Dcvs‡ki ¸Ydj‡K H Z‡ji mv‡_ mswkøó †PŠ¤^K d¬v· e‡j| G‡K 𝜙 Øviv cÖKvk
Kiv nq †hLv‡b, 𝜙 = 𝐴⃗. 𝐵 ⃗⃗
(L) UªvÝdg©v‡iigyL¨ KzÐjx‡Z hw` 𝐷𝐶 ‡fv‡ëR cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq Zvn‡j †Kv‡ii
𝑑𝜑
ga¨ w`‡q aªæegv‡bi †PŠ¤^Kd¬v· AwZµg Ki‡e| ZLb = 0 nIqvq Zwor
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝜑
†PŠ¤^K Av‡ek msµvšÍ d¨viv‡Wi wØZxq m~Îvbymv‡i (𝜀 = −𝑁 ) ‡MŠY KzÐjx‡Z
𝑑𝑡
Avweó Zwo”PvjK e‡ji gvb k~b¨ nq| G Kvi‡Y UªvÝdg©vi Øviv 𝐷𝐶 ‡fv‡ë‡Ri
gvb cwieZ©b Kiv nq bv|
(M) Avgiv Rvwb,
𝐸𝑝 𝑁 GLv‡b,
= 𝑝
𝐸𝑠 𝑁𝑠 gyL¨ KzÐjx‡Z
𝑁 𝐸
ev, 𝑁𝑠 = 𝑝 𝑠 Zwo”PvjK kw³, 𝐸𝑝 = 220𝑉
𝐸𝑝
2200  500 cvK msL¨v, 𝑁𝑝 = 500
=
220 ‡MŠY KzÐjx‡Z
= 500 [𝐴𝑛𝑠. ]
Zwo”PvjK kw³, 𝐸𝑠 = 2200𝑉
cvK msL¨v, 𝑁𝑠 =?
(N) Avgiv Rvwb,
‡MŠY I gyL¨ KzÐjx‡Z Zwor cÖevn h_vµ‡g 𝐼𝑠 I 𝐼𝑝 n‡j,
𝐸𝑝 𝐼𝑝 = 𝐸𝑠 𝐼𝑠
Alphaphysics 2