welq: c`v_©weÁvb wØZxq cÎ

Aa¨vq-06: R¨vwgwZK Av‡jvKweÁvb

‡evW© cÖkœ I mgvavb
1| GKRb QvÎ 100 𝑐𝑚 †dvKvm `~i‡Z¡i GKwU †jÝ wb‡q 0: 01 𝑐𝑚 ˆ`‡N¨©i 2| 10𝑐𝑚 I 30𝑐𝑚 eµZvi e¨vmva©wewkó GKwU D‡fvËj †j‡Ýi mvg‡bi
KYv cix¶v KiwQj| c‡i †m GKwU b‡ji GK cªv‡šÍ GB †jÝ I Ab¨ cªv‡šÍ 4 60𝑐𝑚 `~‡i GKwU e¯‘ ¯’vcb Ki‡j 30𝑐𝑚 wcQ‡b cÖwZwe¤^ cvIqv hvq|
𝑐𝑚 †dvKvm `~i‡Z¡i Ab¨ †jÝ jvwM‡q AvKvk ch©‡e¶Y Kij| [ivRkvnx †evW©, PÆMÖvg †evW©Ñ2019]
[XvKv †evW©Ñ2019] (K) `„wó‡KvY Kv‡K e‡j?
(K) cig cªwZmivsK Kv‡K e‡j? (L) Awfj‡ÿ¨i †dvKvm ˆ`N¨© Kgv‡j AYyexÿY h‡š¿i weea©b Kxfv‡e
(L) †j‡Ýi †dvKvm `~iZ¡ AvcwZZ Av‡jvi e‡Y©i Dci wbf©ikxj e¨vL¨v Ki| cwiewZ©Z nq?
(M) †QvU KYv¸‡jv‡K KZ eo †`Lvw”Qj? (M) ‡jÝwUi Dcv`v‡bi cÖwZmiv¼ wbY©q Ki|
(N) bj e¨envi Kivi ci AvKv‡ki †Kv‡bv e¯Íy‡K †`L‡Z PvB‡j †Kvb (N) DÏxc‡Ki Ab¨vb¨ kZ©vewj wVK †i‡L wK e¨e¯’v wb‡j †jÝwUi ÿgZv
†dvKvwms G †ewk eo †`Lv‡e MvwYwZKfv‡e hvPvB Ki| 1.54𝐷 Kiv hvq? MvwYwZKfv‡e e¨vL¨v Ki|
1 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi 2 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
(K) cig cªwZmivsK: Av‡jvK iwk¥ hLb k~b¨ gva¨g †_‡K †Kv‡bv gva¨‡g (K) `„wó‡KvY: GKwU e¯‘ †Pv‡L †h †KvY Drcbœ K‡i Zv‡K `„wó‡KvY e‡j|
wZh©Kfv‡e cª‡ek K‡i ZLb wbw`©ó e‡Y©i Av‡jvi Rb¨ AvcZb †Kv‡Yi mvBb I (L) †Pv‡Li ¯úó `k©‡bi wbKU we›`y‡Z we¤^ MV‡bi †ÿ‡Î AYyexÿY h‡š¿i weea©b
cªwZmiY †Kv‡Yi mvB‡bi AbycvZ‡K H e‡Y©i Rb¨ H gva¨‡gi cig cªwZmiYv¼ 𝑣 𝐷
ÿgZv, 𝑚 = − ( − 1) (1 + )
e‡j| 𝑓𝑜 𝑓𝑒

(L) †j‡Ýi cªavb A‡¶i Dci †h we›`y †_‡K Av‡jvK iwk¥ wbM©Z n‡j (DËj †j‡Ý) ‡hLv‡b, 𝑣 = Awfj‡ÿ¨i cÖwZwe‡¤^i `~iZ¡
ev †h we›`y Awfgy‡L Av‡jvK iwk¥ AvcwZZ n‡j (AeZj †j‡Ý) cªwZmi‡Yi ci 𝑓0 = Awfj‡ÿ¨i †dvKvm `~iZ¡
cªavb A‡¶i mgvšÍiv‡j wbM©Z nq Zv‡K cª_g cªavb †dvKvm e‡j| 𝑓𝑒 = Awf‡b‡Îi †dvKvm `~iZ¡
‡j‡Ýi Av‡jvK †K›`ª †_‡K cª_g cªavb †dvKvm ev wØZxq cªavb †dvKvm ch©šÍ 𝐷 = ¯úó †dvKvm `~iZ¡
`~iZ¡‡K †j‡Ýi †dvKvm `~iZ¡ e‡j| †dvKvm, `~iZ¡‡K Øviv cªKvk Kiv nq| †j‡Ýi 𝑣
GB mgxKiY n‡Z †`Lv hvq †h, Awfj‡ÿ¨i †dvKvm `~iZ¡ (𝑓0 ) Kgv‡j ( ) Gi
𝑓𝑜
cª¯ÍyZKvi‡Ki mgxKiY nv‡Z cvB, †Kv‡bv †j‡Ýi †dvKvm `~iZ¡ 𝑓 n‡j, 𝑣
1 1 1 gvb Z_v ( − 1) Gi gvb e„w× cv‡e| A_©vr Awfjÿ¨ Øviv m„ó weea©b (𝑚)
= (𝜇 − 1) ( − ) 𝑓𝑜
𝑓 𝑟1 𝑟2
e„w× cv‡e| ZvB Awfj‡ÿ¨i †dvKvm ‰`N¨© Kgv‡j AYyexÿY h‡š¿i me©‡gvU weea©b
GLv‡b, 𝜇 = †j‡Ýi Dcv`v‡bi cªwZmivsK
e„w× cv‡e|
𝑟1 I 𝑟2 = eµZ‡ji eµZvi e¨vmva©| (M) Avgiv Rvwb,
‡h‡nZy cªwZmiv¼ AvcwZZ Av‡jvi e‡Y©i Ici wbf©ikxj, ZvB †dvKvm `~iZ¡I 1 1 1 1
AvcwZZ Av‡jvi e‡Y©i Ici wbf©ikxj| + = (𝜇 − 1) ( − )
𝑢 𝑣 𝑟1 𝑟2
(M) Qv‡Îi †j‡Ýi weea©b 𝑀 n‡j, 1 1 1 1
ev, + = (𝜇 − 1) ( ) −
𝐷 60 30 15 30
𝑀 = 1+ GLv‡b, 1 1
𝑓 ev, = (𝜇 − 1) GLv‡b,
25 ‡Pv‡Li wbKU we›`y, 𝐷 = 25𝑐𝑚 20 10
D‡fvËj †j‡Ýi eµZvi
= 1+ ‡j‡Ýi †dvKvm `~iZ¡, 𝑓 = 100𝑐𝑚 ev, 𝜇 − 1 =
10
100 e¨vmva©, 𝑟1 = 15𝑐𝑚
20
= 1.25 1
ev, = Ges 𝑟2 = −30𝑐𝑚
GLb, e¯‘wUi we‡¤^i ˆ`N¨©, 𝑙′ n‡j, 2
1
𝜇 = 1 + 2 = 1.5 jÿ¨e¯‘i `~iZ¡, 𝑢 = 60𝑐𝑚
𝑙 ′ = 𝑀𝑙 GLv‡b,
= 1.25 0.01 weea©b, 𝑀 = 1.25 we‡¤^i `~iZ¡, 𝑣 = 30𝑐𝑚
= 0.0125 𝑐𝑚 [𝐴𝑛𝑠. ] jÿe¯‘i ˆ`N¨©, 𝑙 = 0.01𝑐𝑚 ‡j‡Ýi Dcv`v‡bi cÖwZmiv¼, 𝜇 =?
(N) DÏxc‡Ki †jÝØq‡K GKwU b‡ji `yB cªv‡šÍ †i‡L AvKvk †`Lvi Rb¨ †h hš¿ myZivs, †jÝwUi Dcv`v‡bi cÖwZmiv¼ 1.5| [𝐴𝑛𝑠. ]
ˆZwi Kiv n‡q‡Q Zv n‡jv `~iex¶Y hš¿| `~iex¶Y h‡š¿ Awfj‡¶¨i †dvKvm `~iZ¡ (N) ÔMÕ n‡Z cÖvß, †jÝwUi Dcv`v‡bi cig cÖwZmiYv¼, 𝜇 = 1.5
𝑓𝑜 , Awf‡b‡Îi †dvKvm `~iZ¡, 𝑓𝑒 A‡c¶v †ewk nq| d‡j DÏxc‡Ki h‡š¿, Avgiv Rvwb, †j‡Ýi Dcv`v‡bi Av‡cwÿK cÖwZmivsK, †dvKvm `~iZ¡ I ÿgZv
Awfj‡¶¨i †dvKvm `~iZ¡, 𝑓𝑜 = 100𝑐𝑚 wbf©i K‡i Gi PZzc¦vk^©¯’ gva¨‡gi (cig cÖwZmivs‡Ki) Ici| ZvB evqy wfbœ Ab¨
Awf‡b‡Îi †dvKvm `~iZ¡, 𝑓𝑒 = 4𝑐𝑚 †Kv‡bv gva¨‡g †jÝwU‡K ivL‡j Gi ÿgZv +1.54𝐷 n‡Z cv‡i|
GLb, AvKv‡ki †Kv‡bv e¯‘ †`Lvi Rb¨ Amxg `~iZ¡ ev ¯^vfvweK `k©‡bi wbKUZg g‡b Kwi, †jÝwU‡K 𝜇1 cÖwZmivs‡Ki gva¨‡g ¯’vcb Kiv n‡j †jÝwUi ÿgZv
`~i‡Z¡ †dvKvwms e¨envi Ki‡j Ges G‡ÿ‡Î weea©b 𝑀1 n‡j, 1.54𝐷 n‡e|
𝑓0 100 Zvn‡j †jÝwUi cwiewZ©Z ÿgZv, 𝑃2 = 1.54𝐷
𝑀1 = = = 25 𝜇2 1 1
𝑓𝑒 4
A_©vr, 𝑃2 = ( − 1) ( − )
Avevi, ¯úó `k©b †dvKvwms Gi †ÿ‡Î weea©b 𝑀2 n‡j, 𝜇1 𝑟1 𝑟2
1
𝑓
𝑀2 = 0 (1 + 𝑒 )
𝑓 GLv‡b, [∵ 𝑃2 = , 𝑓2 ‡jÝwUi cwiewZ©Z †dvKvm `~iZ¡]
𝑓2
𝑓𝑒 𝐷
wbKU we›`yi `~iZ¡, 𝐷 = 25𝑐𝑚 1.5 1 1
100 100 ev, 1.54 = ( − 1) ( − )
= (1 + ) 𝜇1 0.15 −0.3
4 25 ev, 1.54 = (
1.5
− 1)  10
= 125 𝜇1
 𝑀2 > 𝑀1 ev,
1.5
− 1 = 0.154
𝜇1
AZGe, bj e¨envi Kivi ci AvKv‡ki †Kv‡bv e¯‘‡K †`L‡Z PvB‡j ¯úó `k©b 1.5
†dvKvwms‡qi †ejvq AvKv‡ki †Kv‡bv e¯‘‡K ¯^vfvweK `k©b †dvKvwms Gi PvB‡Z eo ev, = 1.154
𝜇1
1.5
†`Lv‡e|  𝜇1 = 1.154 = 1.3
A_©vr †jÝwU‡K 1.3 cig cÖwZmiYv¼ wewkó gva¨‡g ¯’vcb K‡i †jÝwUi ÿgZv
1.54 𝐷 Kiv hvq|

Alphaphysics 1
3| ‡jÝ cª¯ÍyZ KviLvbvq mgeµZvi e¨vmv‡a©i 25 𝑐𝑚 †dvKvm `~i‡Z¡i GKwU (N) cvwbc~Y© U¨vs‡K †jj I e¯Íyi Ae¯’vb AcwiewZ©Z ivL‡j we‡k¦i cªK„wZi
D‡fvËj †jÝ ˆZwi Kiv nj| hvi Dcv`v‡bi cªwZmivsK 1.6| c‡i GwU‡K †Kv‡bviƒc cwieZ©b n‡e wKbv? MvwYwZK we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g hvPvB K‡i
1.16, 1.33 I 1.4 cªwZmivs‡Ki gva¨‡g AvZkx KvP †m‡e e¨envi Kiv gšÍe¨ Ki|
nj| 4 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
[Kzwgjøv †evW©Ñ2019] (K) d¨viv‡Wi Zwor Av‡e‡ki wØZxq m~Î: Zvi KyÐjx‡Z Avweó Zwo”PvjK kw³i
(K)
K„ò MnŸi Kv‡K e‡j? [Aa¨vq-11] gvb mg‡qi mv‡_ K„òjx w`‡q AwZµvšÍ †PŠ¤^K †¶Î‡iLvi msL¨v ev †PŠ¤^K d¬v‡·i
(L)
Kv‡b©v BwÄb‡K cªZ¨vMvgx BwÄb ejv nq †Kb? [Aa¨vq-1] cwieZ©‡bi nv‡ii mgvbycvwZK|
(M)
†jÝwUi eµZvi e¨vmva© wbY©q Ki| (L) wcªR‡gi wfZi w`‡q †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó e‡Y©i Av‡jv AwZµg Kivi mgq Gi `ywU
(N)
‡Kvb gva¨‡g †jÝwU me©vwaK ¶gZvq e¨eüZ n‡qwQj Zvi MvwYwZK †njv‡bv mgZ‡j Av‡jvi cªwZmiY N‡U| GKwU wbw`©ó cªwZmvi‡K wewfbœ e‡Y©i
we‡kølY `vI Av‡jvi Rb¨ cªwZmivsK wewfbœ nq, d‡j wewfbœ e‡Y©i Av‡jvi Rb¨ weP¨ywZI wewfbœ
3 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi nq| †hgb- wcªR‡g jvj i‡Oi Av‡jvi weP¨ywZ me‡P‡q Kg Ges †e¸wb e‡Y©i
(K) K…ò MnŸi: †h e¯ÍywU Ges Gi Av‡kcv‡ki †h AÂj †_‡K †Kv‡bv Z_¨ cvIqv Av‡jvi weP¨ywZ me‡P‡q †ewk| Avevi, njy` i‡Oi Av‡jvi weP¨ywZ jvj I †e¸wb
m¤¢e bq, †hLvb †_‡K Av‡jv ev †Kv‡bv e¯Íy †ewi‡q Avm‡Z cv‡i bv H AÂj‡K Av‡jvi gvSvgvwS| G Kvi‡Y ejv nq, wcªR‡gi weP¨ywZ Av‡jvi e‡Y©i Ici wbf©i
K…òMnŸi e‡j| K‡i|
(L) ‡h cªwµqv wecixZgyLx n‡q cªZ¨veZ©b K‡i Ges m¤§yLeZ©x I wecixZgyLx (M) Avgiv Rvwb,
𝑣
cªwµqv cªwZ ¯Í‡i Zvc I Kv‡Ri djvdj mgvb I wecixZ nq †mB cªwµqv‡K weea©b, |𝑚| = GLv‡b,
𝑢
cªZ¨vMvgx cªwµqv e‡j| cª¯ÍvweZ Kv‡b©v Bwćb wc÷b I wmwjÛv‡ii g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv 𝑣 Nb‡Ki evûi ˆ`N¨©, 𝑎 = 3𝑚
ev, 2 =
Nl©Y †bB Ges Kvh©Kix c`v_© (M¨vm)-Gi Dci cªhy³ cªwµqv¸‡jv Lye ax‡i ax‡i 𝑢 ‡jÝ `yB †`qv‡ji gv‡S ivLv n‡j,
𝑣
msNwUZ nq| wc÷b I wmwjÛvi wbg©v‡Y Av`k© Zvc wb‡ivaK I Av`k© Zvc cwievnx ev, 𝑢 = ev¯Íe we‡¤^i `~iZ¡, 𝑣 = 1.5𝑚
2
e¨envi Kiv nq| GB Rb¨ m¤§yL I wecixZgyLx cªwµqvi cªwZ ¯Í‡i Zvc I Kv‡Ri 1.5
= = 0.75𝑚 weea©b, 𝑚 = 2
djvdj mgvb I wecixZgyLx nq| ZvB Kv‡b©v BwÄb‡K cªZ¨vMvgx BwÄb ejv nq| 2
‡dvKvm `~iZ¡, 𝑓 =?
(M) aiv hvK, †jÝwUi eµZvi e¨vmva© = 𝑟 1 1 1
AZGe, = +
Avgiv Rvwb, GLv‡b, 𝑓 𝑢 𝑣
1 1
1
(𝜇
= − 1) ( − )
1 1 Dcv`v‡bi cÖwZmivsK, 𝜇 = 1.6 = +
0.75 1.5
𝑓 𝑟1 𝑟2
1 1 1
‡dvKvm `~iZ¡, 𝑓 = 25𝑐𝑚 𝑓 = 0.5𝑚
ev, = (1.6 − 1) ( + ) 1g Z‡ji eµZvi e¨vmva©, 𝑟 = 𝑟 myZivs, †jÝwUi †dvKvm `~iZ¡ 0.5𝑚|
25 𝑟 𝑟 1
1 2
ev, = 0.6  2q Z‡ji eµZvi e¨vmva©, 𝑟2 = −𝑟 (N) †j‡Ýi `yB c„‡ôi eµZvi e¨vmva© 𝑟1 I 𝑟2 n‡j,
25 𝑟 1 𝜇 1 1
 𝑟 = 30𝑐𝑚 𝑓
= ( 2 − 1) ( − )
𝜇1 𝑟1 𝑟2
GLv‡b,
‡j‡Ýi Dcv`vb, Kv‡Pi
myZivs, †jÝwUi eµZvi e¨vmva© 30𝑐𝑚| [𝐴𝑛𝑠. ] evZv‡mi †ÿ‡Î,
cÖwZmivsK, 𝜇2 = 1.5
(N) 1g gva¨‡g †j‡Ýi †dvKvm `~iZ¡ 𝑓1 n‡j, 1 1.5 1 1
=( − 1) ( − ) … . (𝑖) cvwbi cÖwZmivsK, 𝜇1 = 1.33
Avgiv Rvwb, GLv‡b, 𝑓1 1 𝑟1 𝑟2 evZv‡mi cÖwZmiv¼, 𝜇 =?
1 𝜇0 2 Dcv`v‡bi cÖwZmivsK, 𝜇0 = 1.6 cvwbi †ÿ‡Î,
= ( − 1) 1 1.5 1 1
ÔMÕ n‡Z cvB,
𝑓1 𝜇1 𝑟
1.6 2 1g gva¨‡gi cÖwZmivsK , 𝜇1 = 1.16 =( − 1) ( − ) … … (𝑖𝑖) evZv‡m †dvKvm `~iZ¡,
𝑓1 1 𝑟1 𝑟2
=( − 1)  2q gva¨‡gi cÖwZmivsK , 𝜇2 = 1.33 𝑓1 = 0.5𝑚
1.16 𝑟 cvwb‡Z †dvKvm `~iZ¡, 𝑓2 =?
2 3q gva¨‡gi cÖwZmivsK , 𝜇3 = 1.4
= 0.379  ‡j‡Ýi Dfq Z‡ji eµZvi e¨vmva©= 𝑟 (𝑖)(𝑖𝑖) K‡i cvB,
𝑟 𝑓2 1.5−1
 𝑟 = 30𝑐𝑚 𝑓1
=
(
1.5
−1)
1.33
2q gva¨‡g †j‡Ýi †dvKvm `yiZ¡ 𝑓2 n‡j, = 3.912
1 𝜇0 2
= ( − 1) ev, 𝑓2 = 3.912𝑓1
𝑓2 𝜇2 𝑟
1.6 2 ev, 𝑓2 = 3.912  0.5𝑚
=( − 1) 
1.33
2
𝑟 = 1.96𝑚
= 0.203  GLb, e¯‘i `~iZ¡, 𝑢 = 0.75𝑚 Gi Rb¨ cÖvß bZzb cÖwZwe‡¤^i `~iZ¡ 𝑣 n‡j,
𝑟
1 1 1
3q gva¨‡g †j‡Ýi †dvKvm `yiZ¡ 𝑓3 n‡j, = +
1 𝜇0 2 𝑓2 𝑢 𝑣
= ( − 1) ev, =
1 1
−
1
𝑓3 𝜇3 𝑟
𝑣 𝑓2 𝑢
1.6 2
=( − 1)  ev, =
1 1
−
1
1.4 𝑟
2 𝑣 1.96 0.75
= 0.143  ev, =
1 −1.21
𝑟 𝑣 1.47
1 1 1
 𝑓 : 𝑓 : 𝑓 = 0.379: 0.203: 0.143 ev, 𝑣 = −1.21 𝑚
1 2 3 𝑣
ev, 𝑃1 : 𝑃2 : 𝑃3 = 379: 203: 143 [∵ 𝑃 = ]
1 𝑚 = − 𝑢
𝑓 −1.21
myZivs, 1g gva¨‡g †jÝwU me©vwaK ÿgZvq e¨eüZ n‡qwQj| =−
0.75
4| GKwU 3𝑚 evûwewkó NbK AvK„wZi U¨vs‡K cvwbk~b¨ Ae¯’vq `yB †`qv‡ji = 1.61
ga¨eZ©x ¯’v‡b GKwU DËj †jÝ ¯’vcb Ki‡j Gi wecixZ †`qv‡j GKwU e¯Íyi myZivs, bZzb we‡¤^i cÖK…wZ n‡e Aev¯Íe Ges †mvRv|
wظY weewa©Z ev¯Íe we¤^ cvIqv hvq| cieZ©x‡Z U¨vsKwU cvwbc~Y© Kiv nq| 5| GKwU D‡fvËj †j‡Ýi eµZvi e¨vmva© h_vµ‡g 30 †[Link]. I 40 †[Link]. evqy
[cvwb I Kuv‡Pi cªwZmivsK h_vµ‡g 1.33 Ges 1.51] ev‡c‡ÿ KuvP I cvwbi cÖwZmivsK h_vµ‡g 1.5 I 1.33|
[wm‡jU †evW©Ñ2019] [w`bvRcyi †evW©Ñ2019]
(K) d¨viv‡Wi Zwor Av‡ek msµvšÍ wØZxq myÎwU wjL| [ Aa¨vq-5] (K) wcÖRg †KvY wK?
(L) wcªR‡gi wePz¨wZ Av‡jvi e‡Y©i Dci wbf©i K‡i- e¨vL¨v Ki| (L) Lvwj †Pv‡L cvwb‡Z Wze w`‡j cvwbi wfZ‡i e¯‘i cÖwZ”Qwe †Nvjv‡U
(M) †jÝwUi †dvKvm `~iZ¡ KZ? †`Lvq †Kb?
(M) evqy‡Z †jÝwUi †dvKvm `~iZ¡ wbY©q Ki|

Alphaphysics 2
 (N) †jÝwU‡K cvwb‡Z wbgw¾Z Ki‡j †dvKvm `~i‡Z¡i Kxiƒc cwieZ©b
n‡e? MvwYwZK we‡kølY Ki|
5 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
(K) wcÖRg †KvY: wcÖR‡gi cÖwZmviK Zj؇qi ga¨eZ©x †KvY‡K wcÖRg †KvY e‡j|
(L) mvaviY evqy‡Z †Kv‡bv jÿ¨e¯‘ _vK‡j Zvi cÖwZwe¤^ †iwUbvq MwVZ nq| A_©vr
Avgv‡`i †Pv‡Li †j‡Ýi ÿgZv Ggb †hb Zv evqy‡Z Aew¯’Z e¯‘mg~‡ni we¤^ †iwUbvq
†dj‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ evqy †_‡K cvwb‡Z †M‡j gva¨‡gi cÖwZmivsK cwieZ©b nIqvq
Avgv‡`i †Pv‡Li †j‡Ýi Kvh©Ki †dvKvm `~i‡Z¡iI cwieZ©b nq| d‡j cvwb gva¨‡g
Aew¯’Z †Kv‡bv jÿ¨e¯‘i cÖwZwe¤^ Avi †iwUbvq MwVZ nq bv| G Kvi‡Y jÿ¨e¯‘wU
Svcmv †`Lv hvq| GRb¨ Lvwj †Pv‡L cvwb‡Z Wze w`‡j cvwbi wfZ‡i e¯‘i cÖwZ”Qwe
†Nvjv‡U †`Lvq|
(M) evqy‡Z †jÝwUi †dvKvm `~iZ¡ 𝑓𝑎 n‡j,
Avgiv Rvwb, GLv‡b,
1 1 1 evqy mv‡c‡ÿ Kuv‡Pi
= ( 𝑎 𝜇𝑔 − 1) ( − )
𝑓𝑎 𝑟1 𝑟2 cÖwZmivsK, 𝑎 𝜇𝑔 = 1.5
1 1 1 ‡j‡Ýi 1g c„‡ôi eµZvi
ev, = (1.5 − 1) ( + )
𝑓𝑎 30 40 e¨vmva©, 𝑟1 = 30𝑐𝑚
1
ev, = 0.02917 𝑐𝑚−1 ‡j‡Ýi 2q c„‡ôi eµZvi
𝑓𝑎
 𝑓𝑎 = 34.29𝑐𝑚 [𝐴𝑛𝑠. ] e¨vmva©, 𝑟2 = −40𝑐𝑚
(N) ‡j‡Ýi `yB c„‡ôi eµZvi e¨vmva© 𝑟1 I 𝑟2 n‡j,
1 𝜇2 1 1
=( − 1) ( − )
𝑓 𝜇1 𝑟1 𝑟2
evqy gva¨‡g †dvKvm `~iZ¡ 𝑓1 n‡j,
1 1 1
= (1.5 − 1) ( − )
𝑓1 𝑟1 𝑟2
1 1
= 0.5 ( − ) … … … . (𝑖)
𝑟1 𝑟2
cvwbi gva¨‡g †dvKvm `~iZ¡ 𝑓2 n‡j, GLv‡b,
1 1.5 1 1 evqy mv‡c‡ÿ cvwbi
=( − 1) ( − ) cÖwZmivsK, 𝜇1 = 1.33
𝑓2 1.33 𝑟1 𝑟2
1 1 evqy mv‡c‡ÿ Kuv‡Pi
= 0.13 ( + ) … . (𝑖𝑖)
𝑟1 𝑟2 cÖwZmivsK, 𝜇2 = 1.5

(𝑖)(𝑖𝑖) n‡Z cvB,

𝑓2 0.5
=
𝑓1 0.13
𝑓2
ev, = 3.85
𝑓1
 𝑓2 = 3.85𝑓1
myZivs cvwb‡Z wbgw¾Z Ki‡j †j‡Ýi †dvKvm `~iZ¡ evqy‡Z _vKvKvjxb mg‡q
Zzjbvq 3.85 ¸Y n‡e|

Alphaphysics 3