welq: c`v_©weÁvb wØZxq cÎ

Aa¨vq Aa¨vq-04: Zwor cÖev‡ni †PŠ¤^K wµqv I Pz¤ ^KZ¡

‡evW© cÖkœ I mgvavb
1| 50 𝑚 j¤^v GKwU †mvRv Zv‡ii ga¨ w`‡q 2𝐴 Zwor cÖevwnZ n‡”Q| ZviwU 50𝑚
= = 100 wU
2 (15+10) 102 𝑚
n‡Z 2𝑚 j¤^-`~i‡Z¡i 𝑃 we›`y‡Z Avweó †PŠ¤^K‡ÿ‡Îi gvb 𝐵| mgvb j¤^v
𝐼 gv‡bi Zwor cÖev‡ni `iæY KzÐjx‡Z m„ó UK©,
Aci GKwU Zvi w`‡q GKwU AvqZvKvi KzÐjx ˆZwi K‡i KzÐjx Zj‡K 𝐵
𝜏 = 𝜂̂ 𝑁𝐼𝐴𝐵 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 [𝜂̂ n‡jv m„ó U‡K©i w`‡K GKK †f±i]
‡PŠ¤^K‡ÿ‡Îi mgvšÍiv‡j ivLv n‡jv| AvqvZvKvi KzÐjxi cÖ¯’
= 𝜂̂ (1001(0.150.1)2107 𝑠𝑖𝑛900 )𝑁𝑚 [∵ 𝐴 = 𝑙𝑏]
=10𝑐𝑚, ‰`N©=15 𝑐𝑚 Ges 𝜇0 = 4𝜋10−7 𝑇𝑚𝐴−1
[XvKv †evW©Ñ2019]
= 𝜂̂ (3107 )𝐼 𝑁𝑚
(K) Zwor w؇giæ Kv‡K e‡j? [Aa¨vqÑ2] GLv‡b, ZworcÖevn 𝐼 = 2𝐴 n‡j,
(L) ‡MvjvKvi cwievnxi aviKZ¡ e¨vmv‡a©i Dci wbf©ikxjÑe¨vL¨v Ki| 𝜏 = 3107 2 𝑁𝑚 = 610−7 𝑁𝑚
[Aa¨vq-2] A_©vr AvqZvKvi KzÐjxwU Nyi‡e|
(M) ‡PŠ¤^K‡ÿÎ 𝐵 − Gi gvb KZ? we:`ª: GLv‡b AvqvZvKvi KzÐjxi ga¨ w`‡q Zwor cÖevn Pj‡Q wKbv Zv D‡jøL †bB|
(N) AvqZvKvi KzÐjx Nyi‡e wK bv hvPvB Ki| Zwor cÖevn bv _vK‡j KzÐjx‡Z †Kv‡bv UK© m„wó n‡e bv d‡j GwU Nyi‡e bv| Z‡e
1 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi hw` Zwor cÖevwnZ nq Zvn‡j KzÐjxwU Nyi‡e|
(K) Zwor w؇giæ: `yÕwU mgvb wKš‘ wecixZag©x we›`yPvR© AwZ Aí `~i‡Z¡ Aew¯’Z 2| wP‡Î 𝑃𝑄𝑅𝑆 GKwU Zworevnx AvqZvKvi Zvi-KzÐjx| G‡K 𝐵 gv‡bi GKwU
n‡j Zv‡K Zwor w؇giæ e‡j| †PŠ¤^K †ÿ‡Î j¤^fv‡e ¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q hv‡Z K‡i KzÐjxi Zj †PŠ¤^K †ÿ‡Îi
(L) †Kv‡bv cwievnxi PvR© Gi c„‡ô mylgfv‡e web¨¯Í _v‡K| ZvB c„‡ôi mKj PvR© mgvšÍivj _v‡K|
[ivRkvnx †evW© -2019]
Gi †K‡›`ª cyÄxf‚ZAv‡Q Kíbv Ki‡jI Gi †ÿ‡Îi (𝐹𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑) ‡Kv‡bv cwieZ©b nq
bv|

𝑤𝑏
c„‡ôi A_©vr †K›`ª n‡Z `~i‡Z¡ wefe, 𝑉 =
1 𝑞
[𝑞 cwievnxi PvR©] [GLv‡b, 𝐵 = 1.510−2 −2 , 𝐼 = 2 𝐴, 𝑙 = 1 𝑚, 𝑏 = 0.5𝑚]
𝑚
4𝜋∈0 𝑟
𝑞 𝑞 (K) ‡PŠ¤^K †Wv‡gBb Kx?
Ges aviKZ¡, 𝐶 = =1 𝑞 = 4𝜋 ∈0 𝑟 (L) cigvYyi Kÿc‡_ N~Y©vqgvb B‡jKUª‡bi †gvU †PŠ¤^K åvgK ej‡Z wK
𝑉 𝜋∈0 
4 𝑟
k~b¨ gva¨g e¨ZxZ Ab¨ †h‡Kv‡bv gva¨‡g †MvjvKvi cwievnxi aviKZ¡, 𝐶 = eyS? e¨vL¨v Ki|
4𝜋 ∈0 𝑟; A_©vr 𝐶 ∝ 𝑟, avivKZ¡ e¨vmv‡a©i mgvbycvwZK| (M) KzÐjxi 𝑄𝑅 evûi Dci wµqvkxj †PŠ¤^K e‡ji gvb wbY©q Ki|
PvR© †Mvj‡Ki evB‡ii c„‡ô Ae¯’vb K‡i| e¨vmva© †ewk n‡j, †Mvj‡Ki c„‡ôi (N) DÏxcK Abymv‡i 𝜏𝑀𝑁 > 𝜏𝑋𝑌 n‡e wKbv? MvwYwZKfv‡e e¨vL¨v Ki|
†ÿÎdj †ewk nq| ZvB †MvjvKvi cwievnxi e¨vmva© evo‡j aviKZ¡ e„w× cvq| 2 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
(M) Avgiv Rvwb, (K) †PŠ¤^K †Wv‡gBb: †d‡iv‡PŠ¤^K c`v‡_© AYyPz¤^K¸‡jv G‡KKwU GjvKvRy‡o
j¤^v †mvRv Zworevnx cwievnx n‡Z wbw`©ó `~i‡Z¡i we›`y‡Z †PŠ¤^K‡ÿÎ, GgbfA‡e Ae¯’vb †bq hv‡Z me¸‡jv AYyPz¤^‡Ki w`K Awfbœ nq| GB
𝜇 𝐼 GLv‡b, GjvKv¸‡jv‡K G‡KKwU †Wv‡gBb e‡j|
𝐵= 0
2𝜋𝑎 (L) cigvYyi Kÿc‡_ N~Y©vqgvb B‡jKUªb Kÿc‡_ N~Y©‡bi cvkvcvwk wbR A‡ÿi
4𝜋10 2
−7 Zwor cÖevn, 𝐼2 = 2𝐴
⟹𝐵= ZviwU n‡Z j¤^ `~iZ¡, 𝑎 = 2𝑚 Pviw`‡KI cvK Lvq| wbR A‡ÿi mv‡c‡ÿ B‡jKUª‡bi GB N~Y©b‡K ejv nq w¯úb|
2𝜋2
 𝐵 = 210−7 𝑇 [𝐴𝑛𝑠. ] Avweó †PŠ¤^K‡ÿÎ, 𝐵 =? B‡jKUª‡bi `yÕai‡Yi N~Y©b _vKvq GwU `yÕai‡Yi N~Y©‡bi mv‡_ `yÕai‡Yi †PŠ¤^K åvgK
hy³ _v‡K| B‡jKUª‡bi †gvU †PŠ¤^K åvgK n‡”Q Gi Kÿxq MwZ I w¯ú‡bi D™¢‚Z
𝐵 = 210−7 𝑇 [𝐴𝑛𝑠. ]
†PŠ¤^K åvgK؇qi †f±i †hvMdj|
(N) g‡b Kwi, AvqZvKvi KzÐjx‡K 𝐵 ⃗ ‡PŠ¤^K‡ÿ‡Îi mgvšÍivj ¯’vcb Ki‡j
B‡jKUª‡bi †gvU †PŠ¤^K åvgK= Kÿxq †PŠ¤^K åvgK+w¯úb †PŠ¤^K åvgK|
KzÐjxwUi †ÿÎ †f±i 𝐴, 𝐵 ⃗ Gi j¤^ w`‡K wµqv Ki‡e hv wPÎ n‡Z ¯úó| KzÐjxwU 𝑒𝐿⃗ 𝑒𝑆 𝑒
= ( ) + ( ) = ( ) (𝐿⃗ + 2𝑆)
Nyi‡e hw` Gi ga¨ w`‡q Zwor cÖevwnZ (𝐼) nq| 2𝑚 𝑚 2𝑚
KviY Zwor cÖev‡ni d‡j †PŠ¤^K d¬v· Drcbœ n‡e hv c~e© n‡Z we`¨gvb †PŠ¤^K (M) KzÐjxi 𝑄𝑅 evûi Ici wµqvkxj
†ÿ‡Îi d¬v‡·i mv‡_ wg_w¯Œqv Ki‡e Ges GKwU ÔjwäÕ †PŠ¤^K †ÿÎ Drcbœ Ki‡e| ‡PŠ¤^K e‡ji gvb 𝐹 n‡j, GLv‡b,
†h‡nZz †PŠ¤^K ej‡iLv¸‡jv ci¯ú‡ii Ici ej cÖ‡qvM K‡i Ges ˆ`N¨© eivei 𝐹 = 𝐼/𝐵 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 KzÐjx‡Z Zwor cÖevn, 𝐼 = 2𝐴
msKzwPZ n‡Z Pvq ZvB jwä ej‡iLv¸‡jvi `iæY KzÐjxi Ici GKwU UK© cÖhy³ = 211.510−2 sin 900 𝑄𝑅 evûi ˆ`N¨©, 𝑙 = 1𝑚
n‡e| = 310−2 𝑁 [𝐴𝑛𝑠. ] ‡PŠ¤^K‡ÿÎ
GLv‡b, 𝛼 = 𝐴 I 𝐵 ⃗ ‡f±i؇qi ga¨eZ©x †KvY=900 𝐵 = 1.510−2 𝑊𝑏/𝑚2
‡PŠ¤^K‡ÿÎ I Zwor cÖev‡ni
w`‡Ki ga¨eZ©x †KvY, 𝜃 = 900
wµqvkxj †PŠ¤^K ej, 𝐹 =?
(N) KzÐjxi `yB wecixZ evû 𝑃𝑄 Ges 𝑅𝑆 ‡PŠ¤^K †ÿ‡Îi mgvšÍiv‡j _vKvq G‡`i
Ici †Kv‡bv ej cÖhy³ n‡e bv|
g‡b Kwi, AvqZvKvi KzÐjxi cvKmsL¨v =𝑁 ‡Kbbv ej, 𝐹 = 𝑁𝐼𝑏𝐵 𝑠𝑖𝑛00 = 0 [∵ 𝜃 = 00 ev 1080 ]
‰`N©, 𝑙 − 10𝑐𝑚, cÖ¯’ 𝑏 = 10 𝑐𝑚 wKš‘ 𝑃𝑆 Ges 𝑄𝑅 evû `ywU †PŠ¤^K †ÿ‡Îi mg‡Kv‡Y _vKvq G‡`i cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki Ici
𝑁 = KzÐjxi GKK cv‡Ki ˆ`N¨©
Zv‡ii †gvU ˆ`N¨©
wµqvkxj e‡ji gvb,
50𝑚 𝐹 = 𝑁𝐼𝑙𝐵 𝑠𝑖𝑛900 = 𝑁𝐼𝑙𝐵
=
2 (𝑙+𝑏)

Alphaphysics1
 †PŠ¤^K‡ÿÎ 𝐵1 n‡j- GLv‡b,
𝜇0 𝑁1 𝑖1 2𝐵1 𝑟1 1g KzÐjx‡Z ZworcÖevn,
𝐵1 = ev, 𝑁1 = 𝑖1 = 0.3𝐴
2𝑟1 𝜇0 𝑙1
2  9.42  10−4  4 10−2 1g KzÐjxi e¨vmva©,
= 𝑟1 = 4𝑐𝑚 = 410−2 𝑚
4𝜋  10−7  0.3
= 199.89 KzÐjxi †K‡›`ª †PŠ¤^‡ÿÎ,
≈ 200 [𝐴𝑛𝑠. ] 𝐵1 = 9.4210−4 𝑇
𝜇0 = 4𝜋10−7 𝑊𝑏𝐴−1 𝑚−1
(N) 2q KzÐjxi Zwor cÖevn 𝑖2 Gi Rb¨ †K‡›`ª †PŠ¤^K †ÿÎ, 𝐵2 n‡j,
†PŠ¤^K‡ÿÎ 𝐵2 n‡j- GLv‡b,
𝜇0 𝑁1 𝑖1 KzÐjxi cvKmsL¨v,
𝐵2 = 𝑁2 = 450
2𝑟2
wKš‘ evû `ywU‡Z cÖev‡ni wecixZgyLx nIqvq †d¬wg‡Oi evgn¯Í m~Îvbyhvqx evû `ywUi
4𝜋  10−7  450 0.3 Zwor cÖevn, 𝑖2 = 0.3𝐴
Ici wµqvkxj ej `ywUi w`KI wecixZgyLx n‡e| myZivs KzÐjxi `yB evûi Ici =
`ywUi mgvb, mgvšÍivj I wecixZgyLx ej wµqv K‡i Ges G‡`i wµqvgyL GKB 2  0.06 KzÐjxi e¨vmva©,

mij‡iLvq bv nIqvq Giv GKwU ؇›Øi m„wó K‡i Ges G Ø›Ø KzÐjx‡K Gi ga¨we›`y = 1.41103 𝑇 𝑟2 = 6 𝑐𝑚
= 0.06𝑚
w`‡q ˆ`‡N¨©i mv‡_ mgvšÍiv‡j AwZµgKvix Aÿ 𝑋𝑌 Gi mv‡c‡ÿ Nyiv‡Z †Póv K‡i
Zwor cÖevn evgveZ©x e‡j 2q KzÐjxi Rb¨ †K‡›`ª †PŠ¤^K‡ÿÎ n‡e Zj eivei
G KzÐjx Zj †PŠ¤^K †ÿ‡Îi mgvšÍiv‡j _vK‡j Zj †f±i (𝐴) I (𝐵 ⃗ ) Gi ga¨Kvi Dc‡ii w`‡K|
†KvY, 𝜃 = 900 Avevi, 1g KzÐjxi Zwor cÖev‡ni w`K WvbveZ©x e‡j Gi Rb¨ †K‡›`ª Zwor cÖev‡ni
؇›Øi åvgK Z_v UK© n‡jv, GLv‡b, w`K n‡e Zj eivei wb‡Pi w`‡K|
𝜏𝑥𝑦 = 𝑁𝐼𝐴𝐵𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 𝑁𝐼𝑙𝑏𝐵𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
KzÐjx‡Z cvK msL¨v, 𝑁 = 1 d‡j †K‡›`ª jwä †PŠ¤^K †ÿÎ n‡e KzÐjxØq Øviv m„ó †PŠ¤^K‡ÿÎ؇qi cv_©‡K¨i
= 121.510−2 10.5sin 900
= 1.510 𝑁𝑚2 ZworcÖevn, 𝐼 = 2 mgvb I †h †PŠ¤^K‡ÿ‡Îi gvb †ewk Zvi w`K eivei|
‡PŠ¤^K‡ÿÎ, 𝐵 = 1.510−2 𝑇 1g KzÐjxi Rb¨ †K‡›`ª †PŠ¤^K‡ÿÎ, 𝐵1 = 9.4210−3 𝑇
KzÐjxi ˆ`N¨©, 𝑙 = 1𝑚  ‡K‡›`ª jwä †PŠ¤^K‡ÿ‡Î, 𝐵 = 𝐵2 − 𝐵1 [∵ 𝐵2 > 𝐵1 ]
KzÐjxi cÖ¯’, 𝑏 = 0.5𝑚 = 1.4110−3 − 9.4210−4
GLb, KzÐjx e¨e¯’vwU‡K cwieZ©b K‡i Ggb †Kv‡bv Ae¯’vq Avbv m¤¢f bq †h‡ÿ‡Î = 4.6810−4 𝑇
KyÐjxwU 𝑋𝑌 A‡ÿi j¤^ Aÿ 𝑀𝑁 Gi mv‡c‡ÿ Nyi‡e| d‡j, 𝑀𝑁 A‡ÿi Avevi, 2q KyÐjxi Zwor cÖev‡ni w`K cwieZ©b K‡i WvbveZ©x Kiv n‡j Gi Rb¨
mv‡c‡ÿ KzÐjx‡Z †Kv‡bv UK© m„wó n‡e bv| AZGe, DÏxcK Abymv‡i 𝜏𝑀𝑁 > †K‡›`ª †PŠ¤^K‡ÿ‡Îi w`K DaŸ©gyLx n‡Z wb¤œgyLx nq| d‡j 1g I 2q KzÐjx KZ…©K
𝜏𝑋𝑌 n‡e bv| m„ó †PŠ¤^K‡ÿ‡Îi w`K GKB e‡j jwä †PŠ¤^K‡ÿÎ n‡e G‡`i †hvMd‡ji mgvb|
3| GKRb wkÿv_©x `ywU KzÐjx‡K mgvÿxqfA‡e wb‡Pi wP‡Îi b¨vq mvwR‡q jÿ¨  jwä †PŠ¤^K †ÿÎ, 𝐵′ = 𝐵1 + 𝐵2
Ki‡jv †h, †KejgvÎ 1g KzÐjx‡Z cÖevn Pvjbv Ki‡j †K‡›`ª Drcbœ †PŠ¤^K = 9.4210−4 + 1.4110−3
†ÿÎ 9.4210−4 𝑇 cvIqv hvq| †h 2q KzÐjxi cvKmsL¨v wb‡qwQj 450| = 2.3510−3 𝑇
cieZ©x‡Z Dfq KzÐjxi ga¨ w`‡q GKB cÖevn Pvjbv Kiv nq Ges KzÐjxi GLb, PvR©wU‡K e¨vm eivei Pvjbv Kiv n‡j †K›`ª AwZµg Kivi mgq Gi †eM I
e¨vm eivei 80𝐶 gv‡bi GKwU PvR©‡K 10𝑚𝑠 −1 ‡e‡M Pvjbv Kiv nq| †PŠ¤^K‡ÿ‡Îi w`K `yÕ‡ÿ‡ÎB 900 nq| d‡j 2q KzÐjxi Zwor cÖev‡ni w`K
cwieZ©‡bi Av‡M I c‡i PvR©wUi Ici †PŠ¤^K ej 𝐹 I 𝐹′ n‡j,
𝐹′ 𝑞𝑣𝐵′𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃′ 𝐵′ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃′
= =
𝐹 𝑞𝑣𝐵𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝐵𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
2.35  10−3  sin 900
= =5
4.68  10−4  𝑠𝑖𝑛900
 𝐹 ′ = 5𝐹
4| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwfwËK cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:

[Kzwgjøv †evW© -2019]

(K) j‡iÄ ej Kv‡K e‡j?
(L) AvK…wZ †`‡L wKfv‡e AYyexÿY I `~iexÿY hš¿ mbv³ Kiv hvq? [Aa¨vq-
6] [h‡kvi †evW© -2019]
(M) DÏxc‡Ki 1g KzÐjxi cvKmsL¨v wbY©q Ki| Dfq wP‡Î 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 AvqZvKvi KzÐjxi ˆ`N¨© 15𝑐𝑚 Ges cÖ¯’ 10𝑐𝑚|
(N) wØZxq KzÐjx‡Z cÖev‡ni w`K cwieZ©b Kiv n‡j †K›`ª AwZµg Kivi KzÐjxi cvKmsL¨v 500|
gyû‡Z© PvR©wU †PŠ¤^K †ÿ‡Îi cÖfv‡ei wK cwieZ©b n‡e? MvwYwZK (K) ¯^Kxq Av‡ek ¸Yv‡¼i msÁv `vI| [Aa¨vq-5]
we‡kølY `vI| (L) w`K cwieZ©x Zwo”PvjK e‡ji †ÿ‡Î Mo gv‡bi †P‡q AvcvZ gvb †ewk
3 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© †Kb? [Aa¨vq-5]
(K) j‡iÄ ej: †Kv‡bv ¯’v‡b GKB mg‡q GKwU Zwor‡ÿÎ I GKwU †PŠ¤^K we`¨gvb (M) 1bs wP‡Î KzÐjxi Dci cÖhy³ U‡K©i gvb KZ?
_vK‡j †mLv‡b GKwU MwZkxj Avavb †h jwä ej Abyfe K‡i Zv‡K j‡iÄ ej (N) 2q wP‡Î cvKmsL¨vi KZ cwieZ©b Ki‡j Dfq U‡K©i gvb GKB
e‡j| _vK‡e? MvwYwZK we‡kølY †`LvI|
(L) AYyexÿY I `~iexÿY hš¿ mbv³: jÿ¨e¯‘ Lye †QvU n‡j G‡K ¯úófv‡e †`Lvi 4 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
Rb¨ AYyexÿY hš¿ e¨envi Kiv nq| Aciw`‡K eû`~‡ii e¯‘ cwi¯‹vifv‡e †`Lvi (K) ¯^Kxq Av‡ek ¸Yv¼: †Kv‡bv KzÐjx‡Z Zwor cÖevn mg‡qi mv‡_ GKK nv‡i
Rb¨ `~iexÿY hš¿ e¨envi Kiv nq| AYyexÿY I `~iexÿY h‡š¿i g‡a¨ AYyexÿY cwiewZ©Z n‡j H KzÐjx‡Z †h Zwo”PvjK ej Avweó nq Zv‡K H KzÐjxi ¯^Kxq
h‡š¿i b‡ji ˆ`N¨© `~iexÿY h‡š¿i bj A‡cÿv †QvU| Av‡ek ¸Yv¼ (𝐿) e‡j|
Avevi, AYyexÿY h‡š¿i Awfj‡ÿ¨i D‡b¥l Awf‡bÎ A‡cÿv †ewk n‡jI AYyexÿY (L) w`K cieZ©x Zwo”PvjK e‡ji †ÿ‡Î Mo gvb kxl©gv‡bi 63.7%| GwU GKwU
hš¿ A‡cÿv `~iexÿY h‡š¿i Awf‡b‡Îi D‡b¥l A‡cÿvK…Z †ewk| Gfv‡e AYyexÿY I MvwYwZK ivwk gvÎ| Zwo”PvjK ejwU cÖ‡qvM K‡i wK cwigvY Zwor kw³ ev Zwor
`~iexÿY h‡š¿i AvK…wZ †`‡L Avjv`v Kiv hvq| ÿgZv m„wó Kiv m¤¢e Zv Mo gvb Øviv eySv hvq bv, †mUv Zwo”PvjK e‡ji Kvh©Ki
(M) 1g KzÐjx‡Z cvKmsL¨v 𝑁1 n‡j G‡Z Zwor cÖev‡ni d‡j m„ó (AvcvZ) gvb ev g~j Mo eM©gvb Øviv eySv hvq| D`vniY¯^iƒcÑ `ywU wfbœ cwieZ©x

Alphaphysics2
(𝐴𝐶) Zwo”PvjK e‡ji Mo gvb GK nIqv m‡Ë¡I G‡`i AvcvZ gvb Avjv`v n‡Z 4𝜋  10−7  1 Zwor cÖevn, 𝑖2 = 0.3𝐴
= KzÐjxi e¨vmva©, 𝐼 = 1 𝑎𝑚𝑝
cv‡i| †m‡ÿ‡Î Giv wfbœ gv‡bi ZworÿgZv m„wó Ki‡e| G mKj Kvi‡Y, w`K 2𝜋  0.5
cieZ©x Zwo”PvjK e‡ji †ÿ‡Î Mo gv‡bi †P‡q AvcvZ gvb †ewk ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| = 410−7 𝑊𝑏𝑚−2 [𝐴𝑛𝑠. ]
(M) Avgiv Rvwb,
UK©, 𝜏 = 𝑁𝐼𝐴𝐵𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 GLv‡b, (N) e¨e¯’v 𝑎 −‡Z avZe Zvi `ywUi wfZi w`‡q GKB w`‡K Zwor cªevwnZ n‡”Q|
= 𝑁𝑖𝐿𝑏𝐵𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 KzÐjxi ˆ`N¨©, 𝐿 = 15𝑐𝑚
= 500  5  0.15 = 0.15𝑚
 0.1 5  103  𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛900 KzÐjxi cÖ¯’, 𝑏 = 10 𝑐𝑚
= 0.1872 𝑁𝑚 [𝐴𝑛𝑠. ] = 0.1𝑚
cvKmsL¨v, 𝑁 = 500
‡PŠ¤^K‡ÿÎ, 𝐵 = 5 10−3
Zwor cÖevn, 𝐼 = 5𝐴 cª_g Zv‡ii Zworcªev‡ni `iæb wØZxq Zv‡ii cªwZ GKK ˆ`N¨© ej,
UK©, 𝜏 =? 𝜇0 𝐼1 𝐼2 4𝜋 10−7  1  1 𝑁
𝐹= = = 4  10−7 [𝐴𝑛𝑠. ]
‡PŠ¤^‡ÿ‡Îi mv‡_ KzÐjx Z‡ji †ÿÎdj 2𝜋𝑑1 2𝜋  0.5 𝑚
‡f±‡ii AšÍM©Z †KvY, 𝜃 = 900 2q ZviwUI 1g ZviwU‡K 4  10 𝑁/𝑚 e‡j AvKl©Y Ki‡e| wKš‘ e¨e¯’v 𝑏 †Z
−7

KzÐjxi †ÿÎdj, 𝐴 = 𝐿  𝑏 Zvi؇qi cªwZwU‡Z GKK ˆ`‡N¨© cªhy³ e‡ji gvb GKB n‡jI Zvi weKl©Y ej n‡e|
(N) awi, cÖ_g Ges wØZxq KzÐjxi U‡K©i gvb mgvb n‡Z n‡j, wØZxq KzÐjx‡Z 𝑁 welqwU‡K †PŠ¤^K d¬v· NbZ¡ w`‡q e¨vL¨v Kiv nq| †mvRv Zv‡i Zworcªev‡ni `iæY
msL¨K cvK e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e| Drcbœ †PŠ¤^K †¶‡Îi w`K wbY©‡q e¨eüZ †d¬wgs Gi Wvb n¯Í wbqg e¨envi Ki‡j
ÔMÕ n‡Z cvB, cvB,
1g KzÐjxi UK© = 0.1875 𝑁𝑚 𝑎 wP‡Î Zvi؇qi gv‡S †PŠ¤^K d¬v· NbZ¡ Kg n‡e K‡i) Ges Zvi؇qi- i
ewntcv‡k¦© †PŠ¤^K d¬v· NbZ¡ †ewk n‡e| †h‡nZy †PŠ¤^K ej‡iLv¸‡jv ˆ`N¨© eivei
2q KzÐjxi ˆ`N¨©, 𝐿 = 15𝑐𝑚 = 0.15𝑚
msKywPZ n‡Z Pvq, ZvB a wP‡Îi †ejvq †PŠ¤^K d¬v‡·i Nb‡Z¡i ZviZ‡g¨i `iæb
cÖ¯’, 𝑏 = 10𝑐𝑚 = 0.1 𝑚
Zvi؇qi Ici ci¯ú‡ii w`‡K Pvc c‡o| G Pv‡ci `iæb ZviØq Kv‡Q Avmvi
‡PŠ¤^K‡ÿÎ, 𝐵 = 5  10−3 𝑇 cªqvm cvq| Abyiƒc Kvi‡Y P wP‡Î ZviØq ci¯úi n‡Z `~‡i m‡i †h‡Z Pvq| GwUB
Zwor cÖevn, 𝐼 = 5𝐴 n‡jv cª‡kœ ewY©Z cv_©K¨|
cvK msL¨v, 𝑁 =? myZivs ejv hvq, e¨e¯’v 𝑎 Ges e¨e¯’v 𝑏 Gi Zvi¸‡jvi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ m„wó n‡e|
𝐴 Ges 𝐵 ⃗ Gi ga¨eZ©x †KvY, 𝜃 = 900 − 600 = 300 6| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwfwËK cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
0.1875 = 𝑁𝐼𝐴𝐵𝑠𝑖𝑛300
0.1875
𝑁= = 1000
5  0.15  0.1  5 10−3  𝑠𝑖𝑛300
A_©vr 2q KzÐjxi cvK msL¨v 500 †_‡K evwo‡q 1000 Ki‡Z n‡e|
5| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwfwËK cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:

[w`bvRcyi †evW© -2019]

wP‡Î, 𝑃𝑄 = 𝑅𝑆 = 0.1𝑚; 𝑂𝑅 = 𝑃𝑆 = 0.05𝑚; cvKmsL¨v, 𝑁 =
50; cªevngvÎv, 𝐼 = 1 𝐴; †PŠ¤^K †¶Î, 𝐵 = 0.2𝑇.
(K) we›`yPvR© wK? [Aa¨vq-2]
[wm‡jU †evW© -2019] (L) Zwor w؇giæ A‡¶i j¤^ mgwØLЇKi Dci GKwU PvR© MwZkxj ivL‡Z
1, 2, 3, 4 cÖ‡Z¨K avZe Zv‡ii ga¨ w`‡q DÏxcK Abymv‡i Zwor cÖevwnZ †Kvb KvR Ki‡Z nq bv- e¨vL¨v Ki| [Aa¨vq-2]
n‡”Q| 𝐼1 = 𝐼2 = 𝐼3 = 𝐼4 = 1 𝑎𝑚𝑝; 𝑑1 = 𝑑2 = 0.5; cÖ‡Z¨K (M) AvqZvKvi K‡qjwUi †PŠ¤^K †gv‡g›U KZ n‡e?
Zv‡ii ˆ`N¨© 10𝑚 Ges 𝜇0 = 4𝜋10−7 𝑊𝑏 𝐴−1 𝑚−1 (N) AvqZvKvi K‡qjwU mgvb msL¨K cvKwewkó e„ËvKvi K‡q‡j cwiYZ
(K) j‡iÄ ej Kx? Kiv n‡j U‡K©i gvb evo‡e wK bv- we‡kølYc~e©K gZvgZ `vI|
(L) Zwor cÖevn eÜ Ki‡j, B¯úv‡Zi Pz¤^KZ¡ †jvc cvq bv †Kb? e¨vL¨v 6 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
Ki| (K) we›`y PvR©: `ywU PvwR©Z e¯Íyi AvKvi hw` Zv‡`i ga¨eZ©x `~i‡Z¡i Zyjbvq Lye
(M) Zwor e¨e¯’v−𝑎 Gi 𝑝 we›`y‡Z m„ó †PŠ¤^K‡ÿ‡Îi gvb KZ? †QvU nq Z‡e Zv‡`i‡K we›`y PvR© ejv nq|
(N) e¨e¯’v- a Ges e¨e¯’v- b Gi Zvi¸‡jvi g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv cv_©K¨ m„wó n‡e (L) Zwor †¶‡Îi `ywU we›`yi g‡a¨ wefe cv_©K¨ _vK‡jB ïay GKwe›`y †_‡K Ab¨
wK? MvwYwZK we‡kølYmn gšÍe¨ Ki| we›`y‡Z PvR©‡K MwZkxj Ki‡Z KvR m¤úbœ nq| `ywU we›`yi g‡a¨ wefe cv_©K¨ bv
5 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi _vK‡j Zv‡`i g‡a¨ PvR© ¯’vbvšÍ‡i †Kv‡bv KvR nq bv| KviY, KvR = PvR©  wefe
(K) j‡iÄ ej: †Kv‡bv ¯’v‡b GKB mg‡q GKwU Zwor‡ÿÎ I GKwU †PŠ¤^K we`¨gvb cv_©K¨| ZvB wefe cv_©K¨ k~b¨ n‡j KvR k~b¨ n‡e| Zwor w؇giæi A‡¶ j¤^
_vK‡j †mLv‡b GKwU MwZkxj Avavb †h jwä ej Abyfe K‡i Zv‡K j‡iÄ ej mgwØLÛK eivei cÖwZwU we›`yi wefe GKB A_©vr k~b¨| myZivs Zv‡`i g‡a¨ wefe
e‡j| cv_©K¨I k~b¨ n‡e|
(L) Zwor cÖevn eÜ Ki‡j B¯úv‡Zi Pz¤^KZ¡ †jvc cvq bv KviY B¯úv‡Zi wfZ‡i G Kvi‡YB Zwor w؇giæi A‡ÿi j¤^ mgwØLÛK eivei GKwU PvR©‡K MwZkxj
†PŠ¤^K †Wv‡gBb¸‡jv GKwU wbw`©ó w`‡K wKQz Pz¤^KZ¡ jvf K‡i| w¯’wZ RoZvi ivL‡Z †Kv‡bv KvR Ki‡Z n‡e bv|
Kvi‡Y †ek wKQz AYy Pz¤^K Ny‡i c~‡e©i (ZworcÖev‡ni Av‡M) Ae¯’v‡b bv hvIqvi (M) Avgiv Rvwb,
Kvi‡Y Giƒc N‡U _v‡K| B¯úv‡Zi g‡a¨ ZworcÖevn eÜ Ki‡jI †h Pz¤^KZ¡ i‡q hvq ‡PŠ¤^K †gv‡g›U, 𝑀 = 𝑁𝐼𝐴 GLv‡b,
Zv‡K wi‡g‡bÝ ev †PŠ¤^K aviY ÿgZv e‡j| = 𝑁𝐼𝑙𝑏 cÖevngvÎv, 𝐼 = 𝐼𝐴
(M) Zv‡ii cÖ”Q‡”Q‡`i †ÿÎdj D‡cÿv Ki‡j, 𝑃 we›`y‡Z m„ó  𝑀 = 501  0.1  0.05 ‡PŠ¤^K †ÿÎ, 𝐵 = 0.2 𝑇
†PŠ¤^K‡ÿÎ 𝐵2 n‡j- GLv‡b, = 0.25 𝐴𝑚2 [𝐴𝑛𝑠. ] cvK msL¨v, 𝑁 = 50
𝜇0 𝐼 e¨e¯’v 𝑎 ‡Z, Zvi `ywUi ‰`N¨©, 𝑙 = 𝑃𝑄 = 𝑅𝑆 = 0.1 𝑚
𝐵2 =
2𝜋𝑑1 ga¨eZ©x `~iZ¡, 𝑑1 = 0.5 𝑚 cÖ¯’, 𝑏 = 𝑄𝑅 = 𝑃𝑆 = 0.05𝑚

Alphaphysics3
 ‡PŠ¤^K †gv‡g›U, 𝑀 =?
(N) cvKmsL¨v AcwiewZ©Z †i‡L AvqZvKvi K‡qjwU‡K e„ËvKvi K‡q‡j cwiYZ
Ki‡j hw` e„ËvKvi K‡q‡ji e¨vmva© 𝑟 nq Z‡e,
2𝜋𝑟 = 2 (𝑙 + 𝑏)
𝑙+𝑏
ev, 𝑟 =
𝜋
 ‡ÿÎdj, 𝐴′ = 𝜋𝑟 2
(𝑙+𝑏)2 (0.1+0.05)2
=𝜋 =
𝜋2 𝜋
= 7.16  10−3 𝑚2
AvqZvKvi K‡q‡ji †ÿ‡Î UK©,
𝜏 ′ = 𝑁𝐼𝐴𝐵
= 50 1  0.1  0.1 0.05 0.2
= 0.05 𝑁𝑚
e„ËvKvi K‡q‡ji †ÿ‡Î UK©,
𝜏 ′ = 𝑁𝐼𝐴′𝐵
= 50 1  7.16  10−3  0.2
= 0.072 𝑁𝑚
 𝜏 ′ > 𝜏 A_©vr e„ËvKvi K‡q‡j cwiYZ Kivq U‡K©i gvb e„w× cv‡e =
(0.072 − 0.05) ev 0.022𝑁𝑚 cwigvY|

Alphaphysics4