8.

0 DESIGN OF DIAPHRAGM WALL

8.1 Analysis of Wall

The baffle wall spans between two vertical walls with the bottom is pinned to the beam and top is free

The wall is designed for the water to be retained on one side and the other side is empty.

Referring to pca 'Portland Cement Association' handbook on rectangular concrete tanks, case 2,
sides are fixed with bottom is hinged and top is free

Height of wall, a (water to be retained) = 3.25 m

Length of wall, b (hzl span) = 4.2 m

b/a = 1.29

The table b / a = 1.5 is considered

Moment = coeff x q a2 / 1000

Shear = coeff x q x a

Water pressure at bottom of wall = 10 x 3.25 kN/m2

= 32.5 kN/m2
For the moment about x axis, max. coeff = 27 (for vertical reinforcement)
Mx = 27 x 32.5 x 3.25^2 / 1000
= 9.27 kN.m
For the moment about y axis, max. coeff = 63 (for horizontal reinforcement)
My = 63 x 32.5 x 3.25^2 / 1000
= 21.63 kN.m

Bottom shear, coeff = 0.26

= 0.26 x 32.5 x 3.25
= 27.46 kN

8.2 Analysis of Bottom Beam

Considering half of the water pressure on gate which is below the drop wall is applied on beam to design
Height of gate below drop wall = 5 m

Half of water pressure on gate = (32.5 + 57.5) / 2 x 2.5

= 112.5 kN

Total horizontal load on beam = 112.5 + 27.46

= 139.96 kN/m

Max BM at support = 139.96 x 4.2^2 / 12

= 205.74 kN.m

Max BM at span = 139.96 x 4.2^2 / 24

= 102.87 kN.m

Max. shear force = 293.92 kN

8.3 Design of Drop Wall

Given Data

Considering 1m Width of Raft,

Grade of Concrete Fck = 35 N/mm²
Grade of Steel Fy = 415 N/mm²
Permissible Bending Stress in Compression, scbc = 11.5 N/mm²
Permissible Stress in Steel , sst = 150 N/mm²
Permissible bending tensile stress ftb all = 2.2 N/mm2
Permissible Stress in direct tension ft all = 1.6 N/mm²

Consider 1 m width of slab b = 1000 mm

Overall Depth of Slab D = 250 mm
Clear Cover to Reinforcement c' = 50 mm
Modular Ratio = 280 / 3 scbc = 8.12

Area of Reinforcement Calculations:

Along Horizontal Direction

Maximum Bending Moment Myd max bot. = 21.63 kN.m. / m

Assume Reinforcement per metre width 16 tor @ 200 C/C

Area of Reinforcement Ast = 1005.31 mm²

Effective Depth of Slab, d = 250 - 50 - 8

= 192 mm

Taking Moment about Top of Slab,

Neutral Axis, n = ( 1000 x 250 x 250/2 ) + ((8.12-1) x 1005.31 x 192)
( 1000 x 250 ) + ((8.12-1) x 1005.31)

n = 126.86 mm

D-n = 250 - 126.86 = 123.14 mm

Moment of Inertia Calculations

The Second Moment of Inertia about Neutral Axis

INA = (bn³ /3) + (b(D-n)³/3) + ((m-1) x Astt x (n - c)²) + ((m-1) x Astb x (d - n)²)

INA = (1000 x 126.86³/3) + (1000 x 123.14³/3) + ((8.12-1) x 565.49 x (126.86 - 50)²) +

((8.12-1) x 1005.31 x (192 - 123.14)²)

INA = 1.361E+09 mm4

Transformed Area, A = (b x h) + ((m-1) x (Astt + Astb))
= (1000 x 250) + ((8.12-1) x (565.49 + 1005.31))
= 261178 mm²

Check for bending

Moment Resistance of Section M.R. = Ast sst (d - n/3)

= 1005.31 x 150 x (192 - 126.86/3)
= 22576044.6 [Link].
= 22.58 kN.m.

Maximum Bending Moment Myd max top. = 21.627 kN.m. Hence SAFE
Percentage of Reinforcement provided, pt = 0.52 %

Shear Check
Shear force = 18.95 kN
Shear stress tv face = 0.099 N/mm2
Allowable Maximum Shear Stress at face tc max = 2.3 N/mm2
Allowable shear stress tc = 0.317 N/mm2
SAFE IN SHEAR

ii ) Along Vertical Direction

Maximum Bending Moment Myd max top. = 9.27 kN.m. / m

Corresponding Load Combination in STAAD Model

Assume Reinforcement per metre width 12 tor @ 200 C/C

Area of Reinforcement Ast = 565.49 mm²

Effective Depth of Slab, d = 250 - 30 - 6

= 214 mm

Taking Moment about bottom of slab,

Neutral Axis, n = ( 1000 x 250 x 250/2 ) + ((8.12-1) x 565.49 x 214)
( 1000 x 250 ) + ((8.12-1) x 565.49)

n = 126.41 mm

Check for axial tension, bending and shear

Moment Resistance of Section M.R. = Ast sst (d - n/3)

= 565.49 x 150 x (214 - 126.41/3)
= 14577968.3 [Link].
= 14.58 kN.m.

Maximum Bending Moment Myd max top. = 9.269 kN.m. Hence SAFE
8.4 Design of Bottom Beam

Given Data

Grade of Concrete Fck = 35 N/mm²

Grade of Steel Fy = 415 N/mm²
Permissible Bending Stress in Compression, scbc = 11.5 N/mm²
Permissible Bending Stress in Steel , sst = 150 N/mm²
Permissible Shear Stress in Steel , fsv = 175 N/mm²
Permissible bending tensile stress for conc. ftb all = 2.2 N/mm2
Permissible Stress in direct tension for conc. ft all = 1.6 N/mm²

Design parameters
width of beam b = 500 mm
Depth of beam D = 550 mm
Clear Cover to Reinforcement at Bottom c' = 50 mm
Modular Ratio = 280 / 3 scbc = 8.12

i) At Centre of Beam (Span moment):

Bending Moment Mx = 102.87 kN.m.

Assume Reinforcement per metre width 25 tor 4 Nos.

Area of Reinforcement Ast = 1963.50 mm²

Effective Depth of beam, d = 550 - 50 - 12.5

= 487.5 mm

Taking Moment about Top of beam,

Neutral Axis, n = ( 1000 x 550 x 550/2 ) + ((8.12-1) x 1963.5 x 487.5)
( 1000 x 550 ) + ((8.12-1) x 1963.5)

n = 280.26 mm

D-n = 550 - 280.26 = 269.74 mm

Moment of Inertia Calculations

The Second Moment of Inertia about Neutral Axis

INA = (bn³ /3) + (b(D-n)³/3) + ((m-1) x Astt x (n - c)²) + ((m-1) x Astb x (d - n)²)

INA = (500 x 280.26³/3) + (500 x 269.74³/3) + ((8.12-1) x 3926.99 x (280.26 - 50)²) +

((8.12-1) x 1963.5 x (487.5 - 269.74)²)

INA = 9.084E+09 mm4

Transformed Area, A = (b x h) + ((m-1) x (Astt + Astb))

= (500 x 550) + ((8.12-1) x (3926.99 + 1963.5))
= 316916 mm²

Moment Resistance of Section M.R. = Ast sst (d - n/3)

 = 1963.5 x 150 x (487.5 - 280.26/3)
= 116065691.111 [Link].
= 116.07 kN.m.

Equivalent Bending Moment Me = 102.872 kN.m. Hence SAFE

Percentage of Reinforcement provided, pt = 0.40 %

Shear Check
Actual Shear force V = 293.92 KN
Shear stress tv = 1.21 N/mm2

Maxm Shear Stress tc max = 2.3 N/mm2

SINCE tcmax > tv SAFE IN SHEAR

Allowable shear stress tc = 0.291 N/mm2

Assume spacing of shear reinf. sv = 100 mm

Shear reinf. Reqd. Asv = Vs sv

d ssv

Vs = V - tc b d
= 223099 N

= 223099 x 100
487.5 x 175

Asv = 262 mm2

Adopt 10 mm dia four legged stirrups at c/c of 100 mm

Steel provided 314 mm2
Hence ok.

ii ) At end of Beam (Support moment):

Maximum Bending Moment Mx = 205.74 kN.m.

Assume Reinforcement per metre width 25 tor @ 8 Nos.

Area of Reinforcement Ast = 3926.99 mm²

Effective Depth of beam, d = 550 - 50 - 12.5

= 487.5 mm

Taking Moment about bottom of beam,

Neutral Axis, n = ( 1000 x 550 x 550/2 ) + ((8.12-1) x 3926.99 x 487.5)
( 1000 x 550 ) + ((8.12-1) x 3926.99)

n = 285.27 mm

Moment Resistance of Section M.R. = Ast sst (d - n/3)

= 3926.99 x 150 x (487.5 - 285.27/3)
= 231147665.098 [Link].
 = 231.15 kN.m.

Equivalent Bending Moment Me = 205.745 kN.m. Hence SAFE