Name the test by which the

EXERCISE 14A
1. a. following pairs (i) to (vii) of triangles APQ and ABC are similar.
A
() 2 (ii)
(ii)
A

5.5
2
B

(iv) () (vi)

B 10 2.5
P

D b. Two isosceles triangles have

the same angle at the
vertex opposite to the 9Cm
base. The first one
(vi) B
has a base of 12 cm
12 cm
and equal sides of
9 cm each. 16 cm
E AABC and AEDF
The other has a base of 16 cm. Calculate the
perimeter of the second triangle.
2. In AABC, PO || BC. If AP:PB =2:3, find 4. AB and ED are perpendiculars to BD. AE meets
() the length of PQ, if BC =7.5 cm. BD at C. If AB= 16cm, BC= 12cm and CD =3cm,
(u) the area of AAPO:area of AABC. (i) find the lengths of DE and CE.
(i) the area of AAPO: area of PBCQ. (ii) find area of AABC: area of AEDC.

3. In the 8Iven figure, AB || CD|| EF. If CD =6 cm

and AC :CE = 2:3, find 5. In the quadrilateral PQRS, PS | QR, PQLQR and
PRI RS.

KD

R
) AB and EF
(1) area AECD: area AEAB ()) If PQ= 12 cm, QR = 9 cm, find PS and RS.
(ü) Find area of APQR : areaof ASRP.

Similarity (165)
 are points on AB
10. In AABC, Pand Q
6. In AABC, ZABC = 90° and OP lAC. that AP=4 cm, PB = 13.5 cm, AQ and
=7 AC
() Prove that AABC ~ AAPQ. QC =3 cm.
(1) If AP-5, PO - 12, BC =36, find the lengths
of AB and AC.
(ii) Find area of AAPO: area of AABC. Q

(i) Prove that AAPQ - AACB.

(i) If BC =10cm, find the length of PO
7. In the given figure, ABCD is aparallelogram. BC is (iü) Find the area of AAPQ: area of AACB
extended to a point Zsuch that AZ meets diagonal 11. In APQR, Sis a point on QR such that ZQ= SPR
DB at X and side DC at Yand 3DX= XB.
() Prove that APQR - ASPR.
D
(ii) If QS =5 cm, SR = 4 cm, find the
PR.
length ci
P

B Z

(i) Prove that AAXD ~AZXB.

(ii) Name a triangle similar to ADXY.
(iii) Calculate the ratio of area ofA AXD: area R

of A ZXB. 12. In AABC, DE I BC.

(iv) If AB=6 cm, AD = 4 cm, find the lengths of (i) Prove that AADE - AABC.
BZ and DY.
(ii) If AD =x, DE=x+1, BC =y, AE -7,
8. In the given figure, PQ || ST, PR = 4 cmn and BD = 8, CE = 14, find x and y.
RT=6 cm.
(i) Prove that APOR - ATSR.
(ii) Find the value of x if PQ = x + 2 and ST
=2x +1.
X
P
x+1

14 7 A
R
13. In APOR, LM | QR, PQ| MN,
PL:LQ =2:3
P

9. Inthe given figure, AB =9cm, BC =12 cm and AC M

= 15 cm. BP 1 AC.
(i) What is the measure of ZABC?
(ii) Prove that AAPB - AABC.
(iii) Find the lengths of BP and AP. () Prove that APLM
AMNR.
B (ii) Find the ratio of
(a) area of APLM: area of AMNK
12 cm
(0) areaof APLM: area of APQk
(C) area of AMNR:area of APQK
P
15 cm

(166) Similarity
 n. AABC, ZA is obtuse, BP I
14. Prove that ABx AQ= ACx AP.
AC and CO L AB.
15. Twopoles 20 mand 80 mhigh are 100 mapart. Find
the height of the intersection of the lines joining
the top of each pole to the base of opposite pole.

80 m
A

20 m
P B D
100 m
15. ABCD is arectarngle, AB =12 cm and BC=8 cm. E
is a point on such that
BC BE=5 cm. AE produced 19. Dand E are two points on sides AB and BC of
meets DC produced at F. AABC such that ZEDB =ZACB.
() Prove that AABC ~ AEBD.
area
(1) If BE =6 cm, EC= 4cm, BD =5 cm and
/m of ABED =9 cm², calculate the
[2010]
(a) length of AB (b) area of AABC.
A

(i) Prove that AABE ~ AFCE.

(i) Find the lengths of EF and CE.
(ii) Find area of AFEC: area of AFAD.
E
16. ABCD is a trapezium, AB | CD. AB =9, AC = 12 B

and CD = 16. XYZ

20. The areas of two similar triangles ABC and
() Prove that AABC ~ ACAD.
are 75 cm² and 192 cm² respectively. If BC - 15 cm,
(ii) If AD= 10, find BC. calculate the length of YZ.
A B 21. In the given figure, AB || CD | EF, AB - 5 cm,
AC= 4 cm, EF =7.5 cm, CF =x and CD =y.
(i) Prove that AFEC ~ AABC.
12
(i) Solve for x and y.
(ii1) Find area of ACDF: area of AABF.
D 16

17. In AABC, B= 90°. PO L AC.

A

3 x+ 4

B
A
6 10x1
() Prove that AABC ~ AAQP.
3x + 4 and
(1) If AB = 15. AO = 6, AP =
QC= 10x-1, find x, AP and AC.

APPLICATION
When a
TO MAPS AND MODELS
always written near it. This scale gives the ratio of distance between
1S drawn, a scale is
WO placesmap on distance between them
on land.
the mnap to the actual
Similarity (167)
 Cm.
27

1. A model of an
EXERCISE 14B
1:30.
aeroplane is made to a scale 'of
4. The scale of a map is 1:30,000. A
() Calculate the field isrepresented
length of the wings on the on the map by a rectangle of length 3 cm by 2 cm.
model in cm, if the actual length () Find the actual perimeter of the field in
is 7.8 m. of the wings n.
(ii) Find the area of the field in hectares.
(ii) On the model, the area [10000 m² = 1hectare]
of the tail section is
70 cm². Calculate the 5. A map is drawn to a scale of 1:40,000. Find
actual area of the tail
section, giving your answer (i) the actual distance in km, between
2. Aplan of a garden is drawn to a scalein m'. towns which are represented on the map
two
of 1:20.
() Expressing your answer in cm, calculate by two points 125 cm apart.
the length of the line on the plan which (ii) the area, in km', of a field represented by
represernts [Link] 13m long. an area of 150 cm on the map.
(ii) Calculate the area of a pond, in m², which 6. A scale model of a church is made. The
is represented on the plan by an area of ground
area of the model is one hundredth of the actual
125 cm?. ground area.
3. A map is drawn to a scale of I: 20,000. (i) Given that the length of model is 4 m,
() On the map, the perimeter of a reservoir is calculate the length of church.
represented by a length of 185 cm. Calculate (ii) If the volume of church spire is 3000 m',
the actual perimeter of the reservoir in km. calculate the volume of the spire on the
(21) The actual area of a plantation is 3.2 km. model.
Calculate the area on the map which 7. On a map 4 cm represents an actual distance of
represents the plantation, giving your 1km. Calculate
answer in cm2, () the actual distance, in km, represented by
18 cm on the mnap.
Similarity (169
 (i) the scale of the map. 10. Two toys identical in design but different sizes
(iüi) the area on the map, in cm', which represents weigh 480 g and 202.5 g. If the surface area of the
3km2. smaller toy is 63 cm², find the surface area of the
8. Two jars, similar in shape, are respectively, 24 cm larger toy.
and 16 cm high. If the smaller jug holds 1.6 litres, [Hint: Weights are proportional to volume]
find the capacity of the larger one. .:. Ratio of volume = 480: 202.5 =64: 27 =43:
9. The toy model of a truck anda real truck are in and Ratio of area =4:32 =16:9
the ratio 1:60.
11. Asculptor iscommissioned to make the statue of a
() Calculate the length of the truck, in metres, if leader tostand 3 m high. He makes a scale model
the length of the model is 25 cm. 15 cm high using the same material and finds its
(ii) If the open area of loading of the truck is 90 volume to be 500 cm³. Calculate the volume of the
m², find the samne area of the model in cmn². finished statue in m'.
(iii) If the volume of the model is 7500 cm², find 12. A flag pole casts a shadow of 21 m. At the same
the volume of the truck in m². time, the length of shadow of a man is 2.8 m and
his height is 1.6 m. Find the height of the flag pole.