CRI 057: CRIMINAL LAW 1
Teacher’s Guide Module #8
Name: Class number:
Date:
Section: Schedule:
Lesson title: The Plurality of Crime Materials:
Revised Penal Code (codal)
Revised Penal Code Book 1,
Lesson Objectives: annotated (optional)
At the end of this lesson, the students shall be able to:
1) Identify and differentiate the types of Complex Crimes;
2) Understand the effects of complex crimes in criminal cases.
Productivity Tip:
To accomplish any task in this new normal, discipline, commitment and perseverance are the keys. Set
your alarm and follow the indicated time that you finish the activities. Listen to your instructor and be willing,
more than ever, to learn. Education has never been this important. Stay strong!
A. LESSON PREVIEW/REVIEW
1) Introduction (2 mins)
How are you today, dear? How was the exam? I expect that you
had studied well and nailed the exam. Today is our first lesson for
the 2nd grading. Continue to study and let us learn all together! Let’s
go!
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CRI 057: CRIMINAL LAW 1
Teacher’s Guide Module #8
Name: Class number:
Date:
Section: Schedule:
[Link] LESSON
1) Activity 1: Content Notes (13 mins)
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CRI 057: CRIMINAL LAW 1
Teacher’s Guide Module #8
Name: Class number:
Date:
Section: Schedule:
Complex Crime
Plurality of crimes may be in the form of:
a. Compound Crime
b. Complex crime; and
c. Composite crime.
Plurality of Crimes (Concursu de delitos):
(1) Consists of the successive execution
(2) By the same individual
(3) Of different criminal acts
(4) For any of which no conviction has yet been declared.
Complex Crimes - When the offender commits either of the complex crimes defined in Art. 48 of the
Code.
Art. 48. Penalty for complex crimes. — When a single act constitutes two or more grave
or less grave felonies, or when an offense is a necessary means for committing the other, the penalty
for the most serious crime shall be imposed, the same to be applied in its maximum period. (As
amended by Act No. 4000.)
Nature of complex crimes:
Although two or more crimes are actually committed, they constitute only one crime, in the eyes of
the law, and in the conscience of the offender.
Even in the case where an offense is a necessary means for committing the other, the evil intent of
the offender is only one. Hence, there is only one penalty imposed for the commission of a complex
crime
Special Complex Crimes - When the law specifically fixes a single penalty for 2 or more offenses
committed.
Continuing and Continued Crimes - A single crime consisting of a series of acts but all arising from
one criminal resolution.
Two kinds of complex crimes:
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CRI 057: CRIMINAL LAW 1
Teacher’s Guide Module #8
Name: Class number:
Date:
Section: Schedule:
a. Compound Crime (Delito Compuesto) A single act results in two or more grave or less grave
felonies.
Requisites:
(1) That only a single act is performed by the offender
(2) That the single acts produces:
i. 2 or more grave felonies,
ii. or ii. 1 or more grave and 1 or more less grave felonies, or
iii. iii. 2 or more less grave felonies
b. Complex Crime Proper (Delito Complejo): An offense is a necessary means for committing the
other.
Here, when the offender executes various acts, he must have a single purpose.
Requisites:
(1) That at least two offenses are committed
(2) That one or some of the offenses must be necessary to commit the other
(3) That both or all the offenses must be punished under the same statute.
2. Special Complex/Composite crimes
The substance is made up of more than one crime but which in the eyes of the law is only:
(1) a single indivisible offense; and
(2) all those acts done in pursuance of the crime agreed upon are acts which constitute a single
crime.
Special Complex Crimes:
(1) Robbery with Homicide (Art. 294 (1))
(2) Robbery with Rape (Art. 294 (2))
(3) Robbery with Arson
(4) Kidnapping with serious physical injuries (Art. 267 (3))
(5) Kidnapping with rape
(6) Rape with Homicide (Art. 335)
(7) Arson with homicide
3. Continued and Continuing Crimes (Delito Continuado)
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CRI 057: CRIMINAL LAW 1
Teacher’s Guide Module #8
Name: Class number:
Date:
Section: Schedule:
Continued crime (continuous or continuing) - A single crime, consisting of a series of acts but all
arising from one criminal resolution.
When the actor, there being unity of purpose and of right violated, commits diverse acts, each one of
which, although of a delictual character, merely constitutes a partial execution of a single particular
delict, such delictual acts is called delito continuado.
Example: One who on several occasions steals wheat deposited in a granary. Each abstraction
constitutes theft, but instead of imposing on the culprit different penalties for each theft committed, he
is punished for only one ―hurto continuado (continued theft) for the total sum or value abstracted.
Continuing offense - A continuous, unlawful act or series of acts set on foot by a single impulse and
operated by an unintermittent force or continuing force, however long a time it may occupy.
Although there is a series of acts, there is only one crime committed. Hence, only one penalty
shall be imposed.
2) Activity 2: Skill-building Activities (with answer key) (18 mins + 2 mins checking)
(40 points)
Instruction: For this activity, I want you to create your own scenarios explaining the 3 complex
crimes. Give three (3) examples each. This activity is 30 points. You can do it!
Compound crime Complex crime proper Composite crime
1)
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CRI 057: CRIMINAL LAW 1
Teacher’s Guide Module #8
Name: Class number:
Date:
Section: Schedule:
2)
3)
3) Activity 3: Check for Understanding (5 mins) (2 points each)
Instruction: For activity 5, I made scenarios of my own below. Now, I want you to determine what type
of complex crime are the cases below. If you think that it doesn’t fall to compound crime, complex crime
proper, or special complex crime, then you write “NOT A COMPLEX CRIME”. Write your answers in
the space provided before the number. This is 2 points each. Ready? Let’s get started!
1. Cynthia saw a crowd not following social distancing amid the covid-19
pandemic. Urged by her anger, she threw a grenade which cause 5 deaths and 3 suffered serious
injuries.
2. Jomar placed a timed bomb inside the passenger plane which caused 16
deaths and destruction of plane.
3. The accused fired his Thompson sub-machine gun at several persons.
The first burst of shots hit three persons. The accused let loose a second burst of shots wounding two
others.
4. When in the course of Rape, the victim was killed.
5. Trespassing the private property to commit the crime of robbery.
Complex crime proper.
C. LESSON WRAP-UP
1) Activity 4: Thinking about Learning (5 mins)
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CRI 057: CRIMINAL LAW 1
Teacher’s Guide Module #8
Name: Class number:
Date:
Section: Schedule:
A. Work Tracker
You are done with this session! Let’s track your progress. Shade the session number you just
completed. Since this is 8th lesson for the semester you shade the no. 8. Do the drill!
B. Think about your Learning
DATE LEARNING SCORES ACTION PLAN
TARGET/TOPICS
What module # did you What were your scores What contributed to
do today? What were in the activities? your performance
the learning today? What will you
objectives? do next session to
maintain your
performance or
improve it?
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CRI 057: CRIMINAL LAW 1
Teacher’s Guide Module #8
Name: Class number:
Date:
Section: Schedule:
FAQs
1) What is grave and less grave felonies?
Grave felonies are those with afflictive penalties and less grave felonies are those with
correctional penalties. (Please refer to Art. 25 of Revised Penal Code for the penalties)
2) What is the explanation in the no. 3 scenario under activity #5?
Although each burst of shots was caused by one single act of pressing the trigger of the sub-
machine gun, in view of its special mechanism the person firing it has only to keep pressing the
trigger with his finger and it would fire continually. Hence, it is not the act of pressing the trigger
which should be considered as producing the several felonies, but the number of bullets which
actually produced them.
KEY TO CORRECTIONS
Activity # 2
Rubrics for activity # 2
Points Criteria
5 Doesn’t respond to the question, no connection
20 Apparent point made about the topic with awareness of task, sufficient
content
30 Very substantial, has distinct point and sufficient awareness of the task
Activity # 3
1) Compound crime
2) Compound crime
3) Not a complex crime
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CRI 057: CRIMINAL LAW 1
Teacher’s Guide Module #8
Name: Class number:
Date:
Section: Schedule:
4) Special complex crime
5) Complex crime proper
TEACHER-LED ACTIVITIES
{These are standard instructions for teachers.}
A. If this session happens to be a face-to-face, in-classroom learning session:
1) Collect completed work in the SAS.
2) Allocate your contact time with students to individual or small group mentoring, monitoring,
and student consultations.
3) You may administer summative assessments (quizzes, demonstrations, graded recitation,
presentations, performance tasks) during face-to-face sessions.
4) You may also explore supplementary activities that foster collaboration, provided that social
distancing is observed.
5) You may provide supplementary content via videos, etc.
It is important to remember that students who cannot make it to face-to-face, in-classroom
sessions for health and safety reasons, should not be given lower grades for missing in-class
activities and should be given alternative summative tests.
B. If this session happens to be an at-home learning session for the students:
1) Check and grade collected SAS and other input from students.
2) Schedule phone calls/virtual calls/virtual chats to individual students or small groups of
students to monitor work, provide guidance, answer questions, and check understanding.
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