Meaning of social development
social development means acquisition of the ability to behave in
accordance with social expectations
Essentials of socialization
: First
Ample opportunities for socializing are essential because a
child can not learn to live socially with others if he spends most
of his time alone . each year he needs more opportunities to be
not only with children of his own age and level of development ,
.but also with adults of different and backgrounds
:Second : Motivation
The child will learn to be social only if he is motivated to do so.
Motivation depends largly on how much satisfaction the child
derives from social activities. If he enjoys his contacts with
people ;he will tend to shun social situations if he is anxious to
. be accepted by others
: Third : By trial and error
An effective method of learning under guidance is essential by
trial and error. The child learn some of the behavior patterns
necessary for good social adjustment. He also learn by role of
practice , that is by imitating a person he identifies with , he will
learn more quickly and the end results will be better. However ,
if he is taught by a person who can guide and direct his learning
and choose his association so that he will have good models to
imitate .
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: Language and social development
Age Socialization language
3 Dresses self completely if * Has vocabulary of about 900*
years helped with back buttons and . words
told what shoe is right or left
Uses primarily telegraphic *
pulls on shoes*
. speech
has increased attention span*
Uses complete sentences of *
feeds self completely*
. three or four words
can prepare simple *
Talks incessantly regardless *
meals ;such as cold cereal
of whether anyone is paying
and milk
. attention
can help to set table ;can *
Repeats sentences of 6 *
dry dishes without breaking
. syllables
May have fears ;especially *
. Ask many questions*
. of dark and going to bed
knows own gender and *
. gender of others
play is parallel and *
associative ; begins to learn
simple games , but often
follows own rules ; begins to
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. share
Age Socialization Language
3
4 .Very independent * * Has vocabulary of 1500
Years * Tends to be selfish and impatient
. words or more
* Aggressive physically as well as
uses sentences of 4 or 5 *
. verbally
. words
Takes pride in accomplishments *
. Questioning is at peak *
. Has moods swings *
. Tells exaggerated stories *
shows of dramatically , enjoys *
. knows simple songs *
. entertaining others
may be mildly profane if *
Tells family tales to others with *
associates with older
. no restraint
.childeen
. Still have many fears *
obeys four prepositional *
. play is associative *
, "Phrases such as "under
imaginary playmates are *
,"on top of", "beside"
.common
"in back of ", or "in frontof"
Uses dramatic , imaginative and *
Names one or more *
. imitative devices
colors
sexual exploration and curiosty *
comprehends *
demonstrated through play ,such
analogies ,such as "if ice is
. as being doctor , or nurse
." cold , is hot
Age Socialization Language
4
5 Less rebellious and quarrel * Has vocabulary of about 2100 *
years . some than at age 4 years
More settled and eager to * . words
. get down to business ,uses sentences of 6 to 8 words *
Not as open and accessible *
in thoughts and behavior as . with all parts of speech
.in earlier years Names coins (e.g nickel ,dime) *
*Independent but trustworthy
not foolhardy , more . Names 4 or more colors *
. responsible Describes drawing or pictures *
Has fewer fears , relies on *
outer authority to control with much comment and
.World . enumeration
eager to do things right and *
to please ,tries to "live with ,knows names of days of week *
" rules - months , and other time
.Have better manners *
, cares of self totally * . associated words
Occasionally needing ,knows composition of articles *
supervision in dress or
.hygiene ".… Such as "a shoe is made of
Not ready for concentrated * can follow three commands in *
close work or small print
because of slight . succession
farsightedness and still
unrefined eye-hand
.coordination
Play is associative ,tries to *
follow rules but may cheat
. to avoid losing
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Common forms of social :
behavior
: Negativism
One of the most dramatic expression of independence ,it is *
defined as "combination of self assertion ,self protection and
. " resistance to excessive pressures
Negativism is a product of social situations . it is the child's *
response aggressive discipline or an intolerant adult attitude
toward normal childish behavior . it generally appears in
connection with the established home routine , when the child
refuses to perform a certain activity at a schedules time . it also
appears in situations involving strangers , the more the child is
frustrated by adult interference the more negativistic his
. behavior will be
Resistant behavior begins at about 18 months of age and *
reaches a peak between 3 and 6 years, after which it recedes
.rapidly
Decline in negativism comes partly from social situations *
. influences
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*
Negativism may be experessed by answer no , physical
tenseness , by falling to carry out request , by pretending not
hears or understands , by stubbornness , in connection with
routine activities such as eating and toileting . very negativistic
children may hold their breath until they become blue in the face
,they may force themselves to vomit , or refuse to swallow food
. or urinate
Negativism is commonly associated with temper tantrum , *
. destructiveness
Between 4 and 6 years , physical expression of resistance *
decline and verbalization increases . there is a growing use of
. protective lying
One method of dealing with negativism is reducing the *
opportunities for a " No " answer , general permissiveness is not
recommended , too much pressure and forceful methods of
control often lead to prolonged negative behavior . parents
should understand the child is progresses from dependency to
. autonomy and independence
Aggression
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Is an actual or threatened act of hostility usually unprovoked *
by another person
Ordinarily, aggression reaches a peak between 4.5 and 5.5 *
.years and then gradually diminishes in frequency and intensity
Before the child is 4 years , he has fewer and briefer contacts
with other children and as a result , fewer opportunities for
aggressiveness , as contacts with other children become more
. frequent , so does aggressiveness
* The child who learns from experience that aggression will
lead to reward , either in attaining his goal or in reducing his
.anxiety , will continue to use aggression whenever he frustrates
The child who has less satisfying aggression learns that
withdrawal and renunciation of his goal are more effective ways
. to deal with frustration or allay anxiety
Aggression expression through verbally attacks another with *
threats, scolding or lies or indirect through child talks about
another person or breaks things belonging to a person or
physical attack with the hands and feet or in more dangerous
. ways
Common causes of aggression behavior : 0
*. Frustrations
* Displaced anger when the child can not express anger
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. directly toward the offending person or object
*Parental rejection
* Desire to win attention
Self protection*
Jealousy*
*. Identification with an aggressive adult
. Permissive attitudes of parents *
: Quarreling
quarrels are anger disputes that generally start when a person *
makes an unprovoked attack on another . they are thus an out
. growth of aggression
quarreling differs from aggression , however , in 2 major *
respects .first , quarreling involves 2 or more people while
aggression us an individual act . second , one of the people
involved in a quarrel plays a defensive role ,while ,in aggression
. , the role is always aggression
quarreling is like aggression in that both are highly charge with*
emotions , mainly anger , both involve attacks on another
. person, and in both attack may be physical or verbal
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it reaches its peak between the age of 3 and 4 years and then *
begins to decline as the child learns to make better social
. adjustment
*In the home ,rivalry is very common , often begins after the
Birth of a second child . older children frequently demonstrate
aggressive behaviors toward the baby or manifest regressive
. behaviors
:Sympathy
one is affected by the emotional statesof another. This is
possible only when one is able to empathize or imagine himself
in the position of another .because of their in experience , young
children are incapable of sympathetic behavior in many
situations . as they become older and have themselves been in a
situation similar to that of the other person they can respond
. sympathy
:dependency
a child depends on others for help in doing things he can not do
himself or believes he can not do . he also depends on others for
love and attention . a habit of dependency is fostered in the
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home , but it leads the child to depend on his playmates as well
. as outside adults
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