Importance of Science Education in
Elementary
Science Communication
Knowledge
Inquiry Based learning (IBL) Skepticism
an educational approach that Big Problems
emphasizes the student's role in the Perseverance
learning process. Future Job
Spare Time
Students approach: Develop
Ask Question Training
Investigate
Reflect Science Educ in Arab World
Communicate Quality
Connect Low Budget
Curricula
Key Elements of IBL
Student-Centered Approach
Active Learning
Critical Thinking
Collaborative Learning
Process Over Content
Benefits of IBL
Enhances Engagement
Develop Critical Thinking
Encourage Independence Basics In Science
Builds deep Understanding Non-Living Things
Prepares for Real World Challenges Things that don’t need air, water, food,
and sunlight for their existence.
Implementation in Class Living Things
Create stimulating environment Those things that need air, water, food,
Facilitate, Don’t Direct and sunlight to survive.
Encourage Questioning
Design Meaningful Activities Plant Growth Stages
Integrate Technology Sprout
Assess Progress Seeding
Vegitative
History Background Budding
William Sharp Flowering
First Science teacher in a british Ripening
public school
Left job at rugby school in 1850
after establishing science to
curriculum
Science
Characteristics of living things
Plants Tropisms
Food
Phototropism
Growth
Growth towards light
Movement
Thigmotropism
Responds to Stimuli
Response to touch stimulus
Respiration
Geotropism/Gravitropism
Reproduction
Response to gravity
Excretion
Hydrotropism
Definite life span
Towards water
Cell Theory
Habitats
Cell theory is a collection of ideas and
Terrestrial Habitat
conclusions from many different
land like deserts, rainforest, etc.
scientists over time that describes cells
Aquatic Habitat
and how cells operate.
water bodies like lakes, seas, etc.
Timeline
Ecosystem
1665 - Discovered Cell
Biotic Components
Robert Hooke
Living things are their habitat’s
1674 - Observed Living Cell
biotic components.
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
Example.
1883 - Discovered Nucleus
A desert’s biotic components
Robert Brown
are camels, cactuses, etc.
1835 - Discovered fluid content of cell
A river’s biotic components are
Felix Dujardin
fish, crabs, etc.
1838 - Proposed all plants are made up of
Abiotic Components
cell.
The Non-Living things are their
Matthias Schleiden
habitat’s abiotic components.
1839 - Named fluid content of cell as
Example:
protoplasm
A desert’s abiotic components is
E. Purkinje
sand, etc.
1839 - Proposed all animals are made up
A river’s abiotic components is
of cells
water, etc.
Theodor Schwann
1845 - Proposed cells are the basic unit of
life
Carl Heinrich Braun
1855 - Proposed all cells arise from pre-
existing cells.
Rudolf Virchow
Animal Cell
Science
Nucleus
Golgi body
Vesicle
Plasma membrane
Mitochondria
Unicellular Organisms Cytoskeleton
Made with only one cell Centriole
example: Lysosome
Euglena Cytoplasm
Paramecium Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Yeast Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Multicellular Organisms Nucleolus
Made up of more than one cell
Example: Plant Cell
Plants Nucleus
Animals Golgi body
Fungus Vesicle
Lysosome
Smallest cell Plasma membrane
Mycoplasma - 0.1 µm Mitochondria
Largest Cell Chloroplast
Ostrich Egg - Size: 18 cm Cell wall
Vacuole
Microsopic - small Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Macroscopic - big Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Nucleolus
1 µm = 1/1000 millimeter
Bacterial Cell
Human Cells Capsule
Sperm - Smallest cell Cell wall
Ovum Cell - Largest Cell Plasma membrane
Nerve Cell - Longest Cell Cytoplasm
Flagellum
Compound Microscope - 2000x Food granule
magnification Plasmid (DNA)
Electron Microscope - 500000x Ribosomes
magnification Nucleoid
Pili
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Science
Network of tubular and vesicular
structures which are interconnected
with one another
Plasma Membrane Gives internal support to the cytoplasm
Maintains shape & size of the cell RER synthesize secretory proteins and
Protects internal contents of the cell membrane proteins
Regulates entry and exit of SER synthesize lipids for cell membrane
substances in and out of the cell In liver cells SER detoxify drugs &
Maintains homeostasis poisons
Cell Wall In muscle cells SER store calcium ions
Provides definite shape, strength & Golgi Body
rigidity Discovered by Camillo Golgi
Prevents drying up(desiccation) of Has two ends: cis face situated near the
cells endoplasmic reticulum and trans face
Helps in controlling cell expansion situated near the cell membrane
Protects cell from external pathogens Modifies, sorts and packs materials
Nucleus synthesized in the cell
Present in all the cells except red Delivers synthesized materials to
blood cells and sieve tube cells various targets inside the cell and
Well developed in plant and animal outside the cell
cells Produces vacuoles and secretory
Undeveloped in bacteria and blue- vesicles
green algae (cyanobacteria) Forms plasma membrane and
Most of the cells are uninucleated lysosomes
(having only one nucleus) Lysosomes
Few types of cells have more than Filled with hydrolytic enzymes
one nucleus (skeletal muscle cells) Occur in most animal cells and in few
Functions: type of plant cells
Control all the cell activities like Help in digesting of large molecules
metabolism, protein synthesis, Protect cell by destroying foreign
growth and cell division invaders like bacteria and viruses
Nucleolus synthesizes ribonucleic Degradation of worn out organelles
acid (RNA) to constitute In dead cells perform autolysis
ribosomes Vacuoles
Store hereditary information in Single membrane sac filled with liquid
genes or sap (water, sugar and ions)
Cytoplasm Store various substances including
Particles are proteins, carbohydrates, waste products
nucleic acids, lipids and inorganic Maintain osmotic pressure of the cell
ions Store food particles in amoeba cells
Also contains many organelles with Provide turgidity and rigidity to plant
distinct structure and function cells
Jelly-like material formed by 80 % of
water
Cytoskeleton
Science
Formed by microtubules and
microfilaments
Determine the shape of the cell
Mitochondria Give structural strength to the cell
Small, rod shaped organelles bounded Responsible for cellular movements
by two membranes - inner and outer
Synthesize energy rich compound ATP Prokaryotic Cell
ATP molecules provide energy for the Nucleus is undeveloped
vital activities of living cells Only one chromosome is present
Plastids Membrane bound organelles are absent
Plastids are double membrane-bound Size ranges from 0.5-5 µm
organelles found inside plants and Examples: Bacteria and blue green algae
some algae.
They are responsible for activities Eukaryotic Cell
related to making and storing food. Nucleus is well developed
They often contain different types of More than one chromosomes are
pigments that can change the colour present
of the cell. Membrane bound organelles are
Chromoplasts present
Chromoplasts are plastids that produce Size ranges from 5-100 µm
and store pigments Examples: All other organisms
They are responsible for different
colours found in leaves, fruits, flowers Animal Cell
and vegetables. Generally small in size
Leucoplasts Cell wall is absent
Leucoplasts are colourless plastids that Plastids are absent
store foods. Vacuoles are smaller in size and less in
They are found in storage organs such number
as fruits, tubers and seeds. Centrioles are present
Chloroplasts
Double membrane-bound organelles Plant Cell
found mainly in plant cells Generally large in size
Convert light energy into chemical Cell wall is present
energy in the form of food Plastids are present
Provide green colour to leaves, stems Vacuoles are larger in size and more in
and vegetables number
Centrosome Centrioles are absent
Centrosome is the membrane bound
organelle present near the nucleus
Form spindle fibres which help in the
movement of chromosomes during cell
division
Help in the formation of cilia and
flagella
Cytoskeleton
Science
Formed by microtubules and
microfilaments
Determine the shape of the cell
Mitochondria Give structural strength to the cell
Small, rod shaped organelles bounded Responsible for cellular movements
by two membranes - inner and outer
Synthesize energy rich compound ATP Prokaryotic Cell
ATP molecules provide energy for the Nucleus is undeveloped
vital activities of living cells Only one chromosome is present
Plastids Membrane bound organelles are absent
Plastids are double membrane-bound Size ranges from 0.5-5 µm
organelles found inside plants and Examples: Bacteria and blue green algae
some algae.
They are responsible for activities Eukaryotic Cell
related to making and storing food. Nucleus is well developed
They often contain different types of More than one chromosomes are
pigments that can change the colour present
of the cell. Membrane bound organelles are
Chromoplasts present
Chromoplasts are plastids that produce Size ranges from 5-100 µm
and store pigments Examples: All other organisms
They are responsible for different
colours found in leaves, fruits, flowers Animal Cell
and vegetables. Generally small in size
Leucoplasts Cell wall is absent
Leucoplasts are colourless plastids that Plastids are absent
store foods. Vacuoles are smaller in size and less in
They are found in storage organs such number
as fruits, tubers and seeds. Centrioles are present
Chloroplasts
Double membrane-bound organelles Plant Cell
found mainly in plant cells Generally large in size
Convert light energy into chemical Cell wall is present
energy in the form of food Plastids are present
Provide green colour to leaves, stems Vacuoles are larger in size and more in
and vegetables number
Centrosome Centrioles are absent
Centrosome is the membrane bound
organelle present near the nucleus
Form spindle fibres which help in the
movement of chromosomes during cell
division
Help in the formation of cilia and
flagella
Science
Wind, water, and animals help move
the pollen from plant to plant.
Plant Life Cycle
Pistil
Stages an organism or living thing goes
female part
through during its life.
Seeds form here.
Seed - where most plants comes from
Stamen
Germinate - When seed breaks open
Male Part
and a small plant grows out of it
Flower
Flower Reproduction/Pollination from
Part of a plant when it becomes an
others
adult.
Birds eat fruit, the seeds will pass
Enables plant to reproduce.
through its body. The seeds may be left
Have male and female parts that
in a new place.
are involved in reproduction.
Seeds may float in the wind and moved
to new ground.
Process of Plant Life Cycle
Seed - Has a hard outer covering to
Spores
protect it.
Spore is a unit of sexual or asexual
Seedling - Tiny new plant from seed
reproduction that may be adapted
Adult Plant - What the seedling grows
for dispersal and for survival, often
to.
for extended periods of time, in
Fruit - Flowers fall off the plant and
unfavorable conditions.
the plant makes the fruit. It contains
Moss is another type of plant that
the seed.
reproduces using only spores.
Mosses are small, soft plants.
Cones
They usually grow in damp (wet)
Their seeds form in cones.
places.
Flowerless plant.
Examples:
Part of a seed plant where
Algae
reproduction occurs.
fungi
Do not develop into fruit.
Protozoa
Examples:
Bacterial spores - Bacillus & Clostridium
Spruce
Fungi spores - Mushrooms
Coneflower (Echinacea)
Algae - Red algae, Green algae
Cone-Bearing Plant
Plants - liverworts, hornworts, mosses,
Pollen
and ferns
Powder-like material used in
reproduction.
Plants that makes seed also makes
pollen.
Pollination
It happens when pollen is moved
from the male plant part to the
female plant part.