Grade-7 (Maths) Worksheet-2

Name:___________________ Ratio and Rates Date: ____________

Concept of Ratios

 A ratio is used to compare two or more quantities of the same kind which are measured in the

same unit.

 The ratio of 'a' is to 'b', where a and b represent two quantities of the same kind, and b≠ o, is

written as a : b.

 A ratio has no units.

Equivalent Ratios

 A ratio is said to be in its simplest form a : b when a and b are integers with no common factors

(other than 1)

 Similar to equivalent fractions, we can obtain equivalent ratios by multiplying or dividing

both parts by the same constant.

Ratios involving. Three Quantities

 Ratios can also be used to make comparisons among three or more quantities.

eg if x = 12, y = 15 and z = 60, then x : y : z = 12: 15 : 60 = 4 : 5 : 20

From the above, we can deduce that

x : y = 4 : 5,

y : z = 5 : 20 = 1 : 4

x : z = 4 : 20 = 1 : 5

Note: The ratio of three quantities can be simplified by multiplying or dividing each term by the

same constant but it cannot be written as a fraction.

Exercise: 1

1. Simplify each of the following ratios:

(b) 580 ml : 1.12 l : 104 ml

(c) 0.33 : 0.63 : 1.8

2. (a) Find the value of a if a : 400 = 6 : 25.

(b) Give that 5 b : 8 = 2 : 5, find the value of b.

4. There are 14 boys and 25 girls in a school badminton team. Find the ratio of

(a) the number of boys to the number of girls,

(b) the number of girls to the total number of players in the team.

5. A certain amount of money is shared between Rui Feng and Vishal in the ratio 5 : 9. If Rui

Feng gets $ 44 less than Vishal, find the total amount of money that is shared between the two

boys.

6. Simplify each of the following.

3
(b) 0.6 𝑘𝑔 ∶ 𝑘𝑔 ∶ 400 𝑔
4

3
(c) 1.2 ∶ 3 10 ∶ 5.5

7. In a school of 1200 students, the ratio of the number of teachers to students is 1: 15. After some

teachers join the school, the ratio of the number of teachers to students becomes 3 : 30. Find

(i) the initial number of teachers in the school,

(ii) the number of teachers who join the school.

8. Find the number that must be added to 3 and 8 so that the ratio of the first number to the

second number becomes 2 : 3.

9. A sum of money is divided among Ethan, Jun Wei and Raj in the ratio 5 : 6 : 9. After Ethan

gives $ 50 to his mother, the ratio becomes 3 : 4 : 6. Find the amount of money Ethan has after

giving $ 50 to his mother.

Concept of Rate

 Rate is a comparison of two quantities of different kinds.

 Rate is usually expressed in 'Per Unit' form, where the denominator is 1.

eg if 6 pencils cost $ 1.20, cost of each pencil is $ 1.20 ÷ 6 = $ 0.20

So, '$ 0.20 per pencil' is known as the rate. We use 'per' to mean 'for each'.
Exercise 2

1. (a) a typist types 1800 words in 1 hour. Find the number of words that the can type per

minute.

(b) if $ 120.99 is charged for 654 units of electricity used, find the cost of one unit of

electricity.

(c) A man pays a total of $ 4800 in flat rental for 3 months. Find his monthly rental rate.

(d) If the mass of a metal bar which is 3. 25 m long is 15 kg, find its mass per metre.

2. Ethan can blow 15 balloons in 20 minutes, Jun Wei can blow 18 balloons in 25 minutes and

Vishal can blow 16 balloons in 21 minutes. Assuming that all balloons are blown to the same

size, who can blow balloons at the fastest rate?

3. For each ornament that a worker makes, he is paid $ 1.15. He makes 4 ornaments every 15

minutes. Find the amount earned by the worker if he works for 3 hours.

4. Michael has to pay $ 39 for 650 minutes of outgoing calls made using his handphone. Find

(i) the amount he is charged for each minute of outgoing calls,

(ii) the amount he has to pay if he makes 460 minutes of outgoing calls.

5. 200 g of fertiliser is required for a plot of land that has an area of 8 m2. Find

(i) the amount of fertiliser needed for a plot of land that has an area of 14 m2,

(ii) the area of land that can be fertilised by 450 g of fertiliser.

6. A cook uses fifteen 2-litre bottles of cooking oil in 4 weeks. If he decides to buy 5-litre tings of

cooking oil instead, how many tins of cooking oil will he use over a 10-week period if the rate

at which he uses it remains unchanged?

7. 224 hours are required to complete a project. 4 men are employed for this project.

(i) The hourly rate of each man is $ 7.50. If the 4 men do not work overtime, find the total

amount to be paid to the men.

(ii) Their normal working hours are from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m., with a non-hour lunch break.

Given that their overtime rate is 1.5 times their hourly rate, find the total amount to be

paid to the 4 men if the project is to be completed in 4 days.

same rate and that the rate at which they cook remains constant throughout the preparation,

find the number of people 22 chefs can prepare a meal for in 5 hours.

9. In 2012, Mr. Goh earned a gross annual income of $ 185 000. Of this $ 185 000, the amount that

will not be subjected to income tax is shown in the following table:

Personal relief $ 3000

Child relief $ 4000 per child

Parent relief $ 5000 per parent

CPF contributions $ 18 600

Given that he lives with 1 child and 2 parents and that for the remaining income that will be

taxed, the gross tax payable for the first $ 120 000 is $ 7950 and the tax rate for the rest is 15%,

find his income tax payable.