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Understanding Conjunctions in English

The document explains three types of conjunctions: coordinating, subordinating, and conjunctive adverbs. Coordinating conjunctions connect elements of equal grammatical rank, while subordinating conjunctions introduce dependent clauses and show relationships with main clauses. Conjunctive adverbs connect independent clauses, providing clarity and smooth transitions between ideas.

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Ahmad Sodais Farhowmand
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14 views2 pages

Understanding Conjunctions in English

The document explains three types of conjunctions: coordinating, subordinating, and conjunctive adverbs. Coordinating conjunctions connect elements of equal grammatical rank, while subordinating conjunctions introduce dependent clauses and show relationships with main clauses. Conjunctive adverbs connect independent clauses, providing clarity and smooth transitions between ideas.

Uploaded by

Ahmad Sodais Farhowmand
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© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Coordinating conjunctions are words that connect words, phrases, or clauses of equal

grammatical rank. They help to create compound sentences and ensure that the elements they
join are balanced. The most common coordinating conjunctions can be remembered using the
acronym FANBOYS:

 For
 And
 Nor
 But
 Or
 Yet
 So

Examples in Sentences

 For: “I stayed home, for it was raining.”


 And: “She likes to read and write.”
 Nor: “He doesn’t like coffee, nor does he like tea.”
 But: “I wanted to go out, but it was too late.”
 Or: “Would you like tea or coffee?”
 Yet: “It was raining, yet we went for a walk.”
 So: “She was tired, so she went to bed early.”

These conjunctions are used to join elements that are of the same type, such as two nouns, two
verbs, or two independent clauses.

Subordinating conjunctions are words or phrases that introduce dependent clauses and show
the relationship between the dependent clause and the main clause.

 Time: after, before, once, since, until, when, whenever, while


 Cause and Effect: because, since, so that, in order that, as
 Condition: if, unless, provided that, in case, even if
 Contrast: although, though, even though, whereas, while
 Place: where, wherever
 Comparison: than, rather than, as much as

For example:

 Time: “We will start the meeting when everyone arrives.”


 Cause and Effect: “She stayed home because she was feeling sick.”
 Condition: “You can go out if you finish your homework.”
 Contrast: “He went for a run although it was raining.”
 Place: “Put the book where you found it.”
 Comparison: “She is taller than her brother.”
Conjunctive adverbs are words or phrases that connect two independent clauses or sentences,
showing the relationship between them. They help to create a smooth transition and clarify the
connection between ideas.

Common Conjunctive Adverbs

 Addition: also, furthermore, moreover, besides


 Contrast: however, nevertheless, on the other hand, conversely
 Cause and Effect: therefore, consequently, thus, hence
 Time: meanwhile, subsequently, then, finally
 Emphasis: indeed, certainly, in fact

Examples in Sentences

 Addition: “She loves to read; moreover, she enjoys writing.”


 Contrast: “It was raining; however, we decided to go for a walk.”
 Cause and Effect: “He didn’t study; therefore, he failed the exam.”
 Time: “She finished her homework; meanwhile, her brother was playing video games.”
 Emphasis: “He is very talented; indeed, he won several awards.”

Conjunctive adverbs are typically used with a semicolon before them and a comma after them
when connecting two independent clauses.

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