CLOUD COMPUTING

Unit 01
 DEFINITIONS
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Gartner:
“a style of computing in which scalable and elastic IT-enabled capabilities are
delivered as a service to external customers using Internet technologies.”
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Forrester Research
“a standardized IT capability (services, software, or infrastructure) delivered via
Internet technologies in a pay-per-use, self-service way.”
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National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).
“Cloud computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous(common), convenient, on-
demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources
that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or
service provider interaction.”

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“Cloud computing is a specialized form of distributed
computing that introduces utilization models for remotely
provisioning scalable and measured resources.”

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CHARACTERISTICS OF CLOUD COMPUTING
OOn-demand self-services: The Cloud computing services does
not require any human administrators, user themselves are able
to provision, monitor and manage computing resources as
needed.
BBroad network access: The Computing services are generally
provided over standard networks and heterogeneous devices.
RRapid elasticity: The Computing services should have IT
resources that are able to scale out and in quickly and on a need
basis. Whenever the user require services it is provided to him
and it is scale out as soon as its requirement gets over.

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MMeasured service: The resource utilization is tracked for
each application and occupant, it will provide both the user
and the resource provider with an account of what has been
used. This is done for various reasons like monitoring billing
and effective use of resource.
MMulti-tenancy: Cloud computing providers can support
multiple tenants (users or organizations) on a single set of
shared resources.
FFlexible pricing models: Cloud providers offer a variety of
pricing models, including pay-per-use, subscription-based,
and spot pricing, allowing users to choose the option that best
suits their needs.
S
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S
RResilient computing: Cloud computing services are typically
designed with redundancy and fault tolerance in mind, which
ensures high availability and reliability.
VVirtualization: loud providers use virtualization to turn
physical machines into virtual ones, so users can use them
like separate computers.
SSecurity: Cloud providers invest heavily in security measures
to protect their users' data and ensure the privacy of sensitive
information.

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 HISTORY OF CLOUD COMPUTING
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A long time ago, in the 1960s, computers were big and very expensive. People couldn’t afford one each, so many users
shared one large computer using simple machines called terminals. It was like using a library computer everyone took
turns.
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Then in the 1970s, something amazing happened virtualization. This meant one computer could pretend to be many
smaller computers. Imagine a teacher giving each student their own workbook from one big book that's what
virtualization did.
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As time passed, the internet came in the 1990s and changed everything. Suddenly, you could send emails, browse
websites, and even use some software online. Companies started putting their services on the web so people could
access them from anywhere.
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In 1999, something big happened a company called Salesforce let people use software through the internet without
installing it. This was the beginning of cloud applications. You just needed a browser, and the software was ready to
use like ordering food instead of cooking.
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Then in 2006, Amazon came up with Amazon Web Services (AWS). They said, “Why buy your own servers when you
can rent ours?” This made it super easy for businesses to build apps, websites, or services without worrying about
hardware.
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Soon after, big names like Google and Microsoft joined the game with Google Cloud and Microsoft Azure. Now,
cloud wasn’t just a trend it became the backbone of the internet.
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By the 2010s, cloud computing was everywhere schools, banks, hospitals, games, shopping all started using it. And
now, in the 2020s, cloud is smarter than ever. It works with AI, machine learning, big data, and even smart
devices like Alexa or smart cars.
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CLOUD COMPUTING ARCHITECTURE

Architecture of cloud computing is the combination of both

SOA (Service Oriented Architecture) and EDA (Event Driven
Architecture). Client infrastructure, application, service,
runtime cloud, storage, infrastructure, management and
security all these are the components of cloud computing
architecture.
The cloud architecture is divided into 2 parts,
Frontend
Backend

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Cloud Computing architecture
provides a structural framework for
designing, implementing and
managing cloud-based solutions.
Cloud Computing Architecture
provides benefits like scalability,
flexibility, and cost-effectiveness. It
also solve related to security,
reliability, and performance.

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1. Frontend

Frontend of the cloud architecture refers to the client side of cloud

computing system. Means it contains all the user interfaces and
applications which are used by the client to access the cloud
computing services/resources. For example, use of a web browser to
access the cloud platform.
2. Backend

Backend refers to the cloud itself which is used by the service

provider. It contains the resources as well as manages the resources
and provides security mechanisms. Along with this, it includes huge
storage, virtual applications, virtual machines, traffic control
mechanisms, deployment models, etc.
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Components of Cloud Computing Architecture
[Link] Infrastructure: Client Infrastructure is a part of the
frontend component. It contains the applications and user
interfaces which are required to access the cloud platform. In
other words, it provides a GUI( Graphical User Interface ) to
interact with the cloud.
[Link] : Application is a part of backend component that
refers to a software or platform to which client accesses. Means
it provides the service in backend as per the client requirement.
[Link]: Service in backend refers to the major three types of
cloud based services like SaaS, PaaS and IaaS. Also manages
which type of service the user accesses.
[Link] Cloud: Runtime cloud in backend provides the
execution and Runtime platform/environment to the Virtual
machine.
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SStorage: Storage in backend provides flexible and scalable
storage service and management of stored data.
IInfrastructure: Cloud Infrastructure in backend refers to the
hardware and software components of cloud like it includes
servers, storage, network devices, virtualization software etc.
MManagement: Management in backend refers to management of
backend components like application, service, runtime cloud,
storage, infrastructure, and other security mechanisms etc.
SSecurity: Security in backend refers to implementation of
different security mechanisms in the backend for secure cloud
resources, systems, files, and infrastructure to end-users.

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IInternet: Internet connection acts as the medium or a bridge
between frontend and backend and establishes the interaction
and communication between frontend and backend.
DDatabase: Database in backend refers to provide database for
storing structured data, such as SQL and NOSQL databases.
Example of Databases services include Amazon RDS,
Microsoft Azure SQL database and Google CLoud SQL.
NNetworking: Networking in backend services that provide
networking infrastructure for application in the cloud, such as
load balancing, DNS and virtual private networks.
AAnalytics: Analytics in backend service that provides analytics
capabilities for data in the cloud, such as warehousing,
business intelligence and machine learning.
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CLOUD COMPUTING ARCHITECTURE
EXAMPLE
Online Store (E-Commerce Website)

Everyone is using online websites like Amazon or Flipkart for

online shopping. It uses cloud computing to run its website and
manage orders. When you browse and buy products, you’re
using the front end. In the background, cloud services keep
track of what’s in your cart, handle payments, and update
stock. Developers use platforms like AWS Elastic Beanstalk to
run the website easily. The product photos are saved in cloud
storage like Amazon S3, and customer details are stored in
databases. Cloud tools also watch over the site to keep it
secure and running fast.
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Mobile App Backend (Food Delivery App)

Think of a food delivery app like Zomato or Swiggy. You use

the app to order food, and everything works smoothly just
because of cloud computing. The app you see on your phone is
the front layer. When you order something, cloud services
handle the process in the background like telling the restaurant,
tracking your order, and handling payments. Platforms like
Firebase help with storing user info and sending notifications.
The servers that run the app live in cloud data centers like
Google Cloud or AWS, and all your data is kept safe using
secure login systems.

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 BENEFITS OF CLOUD COMPUTING
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Cost-Effective
No need to buy expensive hardware or maintain data centers. Pay only for what you use.
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Scalability
Easily increase or decrease computing resources based on demand.
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Accessibility
Access services and data from anywhere using any device with internet.
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Automatic Updates
Cloud providers handle updates and maintenance automatically.
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Disaster Recovery
Data is backed up regularly; quick recovery in case of data loss.
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Collaboration
Multiple users can work on the same file or application in real-time.
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Security
Advanced security features like encryption, identity management, etc., are offered by most providers.
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Environmentally Friendly
Reduces energy consumption by sharing resources efficiently.
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 CHALLENGES OF CLOUD COMPUTING
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Internet Dependency
Requires a stable internet connection. No access if the internet is down.
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Limited Control
Users have limited control over infrastructure and backend systems.
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Security Concerns
Data is stored on third-party servers, which may raise privacy concerns.
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Downtime
Cloud services can face outages and downtime due to technical issues or maintenance.
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Hidden Costs
Although cheaper initially, costs can add up with data transfer, storage, and additional features.
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Vendor Lock-in
Switching from one provider to another can be difficult and costly.
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Performance Issues
In shared environments, performance may vary depending on the load and location.
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