Logical Problems Aptitude basics, practice questions, answers and explanations

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Logical Problems

The word ‘Logic’ is derived from the Greek noun ‘logos’ meaning both ‘thought’ and 'the word
expressing thought'.

LOGIC, is the ‘science of thought as expressed in language’. This means that the questions on
logic are to be solved as per the information given without any concern of the formal validity or
truth of the statements ‘i.e. conclusion should follow directly from the statements given.

Examples :

1. A software engineer has the capability of thinking 100 lines of code in five minutes and can
type 100 lines of code in 10 minutes. He takes a break for five minutes after every ten minutes.
How many lines of codes will he complete typing after an hour?
a)250

b)220

c)150

d)200

Ans: a

Explanation: First, 5 five minutes he thinks, next five minutess he write code then takes a break.
So for the first 15 mins he writes 50 lines of code. Next 5 minutes he write, then 5 min. think & 5
minutes rest. Next 10 minutes write, then 5 minutes rest. Next 5 minutes think, 5 minutes write
and 5 minutes he takes rest. 25 minutes he write. In 10 min he writes 100 lines. So in 25 min.
250 lines.

2. Nikhil gets Rs.250 from his parents every week for his expenses. He puts Rs.5 in his piggy
bank on everyday except Sunday when he puts Rs.10 in the piggy bank. He eats subsidized lunch
in the college canteen for Rs. 10 on all college days except Saturday when he treats himself to
the special lunch for Rs.25. Bus fare to college is Rs.4 each way. He has got a holiday on
Sunday. This week, Nikhil wants to buy a book which costs Rs.100. For this, he was walking to
and from the college. He is left with Rs.3 after buying the book. Assuming no other expenses,
how many times did Nikhil walk this week?

a)2
b)3

c)4

d)5
Ans:c

Explanation: 40 goes into the piggy bank leaving Rs.210 for expenses. Normal expense on
lunch is Rs.75 and on bus Rs.48, leaving Rs.87. Nikhil is short of Rs.13 for the book. For this, if
he saves bus fares, he must walk four times saving Rs.16, and then he is left with Rs.3 after
buying the book. Hence option c.

3. Akshar, Brinda, Cathy and Dinesh are four friends who live in the same area and work for the
children in a nearby slum. One of them cooks the childrens breakfast and each of the other three
teach a different subject from mathematics, reading & writing and drawing. They study
mechanical engineering, psychology, medicine and economics. Neither the economics nor the
psychology student cooks breakfast. Brinda does not teach reading & writing. Dinesh is the
medical student, and he does not cook breakfast. Cathy teaches drawing. Akshar studies
mechanical engineering. Who teaches mathematics?

a) Akshar,

b) Brinda,

c) Cathy

d) Dinesh
Ans:b

Explanation: Since the economics, psychology and medicine students do not cook breakfast, the
mechanical engineering student does, and that is Akshar. Cathy teaches drawing. Now, since
Brinda does not teach reading and writing, she must be teaching Maths. So option b.

4.A monkey starts climbing up a tree 20ft. tall. Each hour, it hops 3ft. and slips back 2ft. How
much time would it take the monkey to reach the top?

a) 21 hours

b) 12 hours

c) 18 hours
d) 15 hours
Ans:c

Explanation: Every hour, he gains 3 ft and loses 2 ft, for a total gain of 1 ft. So after the 17th
hour, he's at 17 ft high. in the 18th hour, he climbs up 3 feet. Since 17 ft + 3 ft = 20 ft, he's at the
top of the tree. So option c.

5. If a light flashes every 6 seconds, how many times will it flash in ¾ of an hour?

a) 450

b) 451

c) 350

d) 425
Ans:b

Explanation:There are 60 minutes in an hour. In ¾ of an hour there are (60 * ¾) minutes = 45

minutes. In ¾ of an hour there are (60 * 45) seconds = 2700 seconds. Light flashed for every 6
seconds. In 2700 seconds 2700/6 = 450 times. The count start after the first flash, the light will
flashes 451 times in ¾ of an hour. So option b.

Directions (Q. 6- 10) : There are five friends Sachin, Kunal, Mohit, Anuj and Rohan.
Sachin ia shorter than Kunal but taller than Rohan. Mohit is tallest. Anuj is a little shorter
than Kunal and little taller than Sachin.

[Link] is the shortest?

a)Rohan

b)Sachin

c)Anuj

d)Kunal

Answer: a

Explanation:
Let us denote the five boys by the first letter of their names,namely S, K, M, A and R.

Then , R < S < K < M and S < A < K.

R<S<A<K<M

Rohan is shortest.

7. If they stand in the order of their heights, who will be in the middle?

a)Kunal

b)Rohan

c) Sachin

d)Anuj

Answer: d

Explanation:

R<S<A<K<M

Anuj is in the middle.

8. If they stand in the order of increasing heights, who will be the second?

a) Anuj

b) Sachin

c) Rohan

d)Kunal

Answer: b

Explanation:

R < S < A < K < M.

In the order of increasing heights i,e shortest to tallest, Sachin is second.

9. Who is the second tallest?

a) Sachin

b) Kunal

c) Anuj

d) Rohan

Answer: b

Explanation:

R<S<A<K<M

Kunal is second tallest.

10. Who is taller than Anuj but shorter than Mohit?

a) Kunal

b) Rohan

c) Sachin

d)Data Inadequate

Answer: a

Explanation:

R < S < A < K < M.

Kunal is taller than Anuj but shorter than Mohit.

Logical problems - Aptitude preparation Questions and
Answers
In Arun opinion, his weight is greater than 65 kg but less than 72 kg. His brother doesnt not
agree with Arun and he thinks that Aruns weight is greater than 60 kg but less than 70 kg. His
mother's view is that his weight cannot be greater than 68 kg. If all are them are correct in their
estimation, what is the average of different probable weights of Arun?

A67 kg
B68 kg
C69 kg
DData inadequate
Answer: Option A
Explanation:

If all are correct the waight should be 66 or 67

from the options it is 67.

1.

Compare the knowledge of persons X, Y, Z, A, B and C in relation to each other.

1.X knows more than A.

2.Y knows as much as B.

3.Z knows less than C.

4.A knows more than Y

The best knowledge person amongst all is:

AX
BY
CA
DC
Answer: Option A
Explanation:

Clearly, we have : A < X, Y = B, Z < C, Z < B, Y < A thus the sequence becomes X > A >Y =
B > C > [Link], X is the best knowledgeable [Link] children were dministrated
psychological tests to know their intellectual levels. In the report, psychologists pointed out that
the child A is less intelligent than the child B. The child C is less intelligent than the child D. The
child B is less intelligent than the child C and child A is more intelligent than child E.

2.

Read the following information carefully and answer the questions

given below it:

(A)Gopal is shorter than Ashok but taller than Kunal.

(B)Navin is shorter than Kunal.

(C)Jayesh is taller than Navin.

(D)Ashok is taller than Jayesh.

Who among them is the tallest?

AGopal
BAshok
CKunal
DNavin
Answer: Option B
3.
Answer the questions on the basis of the information given below. The Head of a newly formed
government desires to appoint five of the six elected members A, B, C, D, E and F to portfolios
of Home, Power, Defence, Telecom and Finance. F does not want any portfolio if D gets one of
the five. C wants either Home or Finance or no portfolio. B says that if D gets either Power or
Telecom then she must get the other one. E insists on a portfolio if A gets one.
Which is a valid assignment?
AA-Home, B-Power, C-Defence, D-Telecom, E-Finance.
BC-Home, D-Power, A-Defence, B-Telecom, E-Finance
CA-Home, B-Power, E-Defence, D-Telecom, F-Finance
DB-Home, F-Power, E-Defence, C-Telecom, A -Finance
Answer: Option B
Explanation:

From the above information we can infer that option (2) is correct.

4.
Five children are sitting in a row. S is sitting next to P but not T. K is sitting next to R who is
sitting on the extreme left and T is not sitting next to K. Who are sitting adjacent to S ?

AK & P
BR&P
C Only P
D P and T
Answer: Option D
Explanation:

S is sitting next to P . So the order S,P or P,S is followed. K is sitting next to R. So, the order R,
K is followed because R is on the extreme left. T is not next to P or K. So the arrangement will
be R, K,P,S,T. Clearly, P and T are sitting adjacent to S.

5.

Directions (Q6-10):- Read the following information and answer the questions given below
it:

(1)Seven students P, Q, R, S, T, U and V take a series of tests.

(2)No two students get similar marks.
(3)V always scores more than P.
(4)P always scores more than Q.
(5)Each time either R scores the highest and t gets the least or alternatively S scores the highest
and U or Q scores the least.

If S is ranked sixth and Q is ranked fifth, which of the following can be true ?

AV is ranked first or fourth.

BR is ranked second or third.
CPis ranked second or fifth.
DU is ranked third or fourth.
ET is ranked fourth or fifth.
Answer: Option D
Explanation:

V > P, P > Q i,e V > P > Q.

If R scores the highest, we have R > ---------- > T.
If S scores the highest, we have S > ----------- > Q
or S > ---------- > U.
If S is ranked sixth and Q is ranked fifth,we have _ > _ > _ > _ > Q > S > _ In this case, R will
ran the highest and thus T will rank the least. we have R > _ > _ > _ > Q > S > T Also, the order
V > P > Q will be maintained i,e V and P will have second, third or fourth places. So, statements
(a), (b), (c), (e) cannot follow. Thus (d) is the answer.

6.

If R gets more, V should be ranked not lower than:

Asecond
Bthird
Cfourth
Dfifth
Esixth
Answer: Option C
Explanation:

If R ranks most, T ranks lowest and occupies seventh place. Since V always ranks above P and Q
so in the maximum, P and Q will occupy fifth and sixth places. Thus, V will not rank lower than
fourth.

7.

If R is ranked second and Q is ranked fifth, which of the following Must be true?

AS is ranked third.
BT is ranked sixth.
CP is ranked sixth.
DV is ranked fourth.
EU is ranked sixth.
Answer: Option B
Explanation:

If R is ranked second, S will rank first and Q and U lowest. But Q ranks fifth. So, U ranks
lowest. Also, the order V > P > Q will be followed. So, the arrangement will be S > R > V > P >
Q > _ U. Thus , the sixth place will be occupied by T.

8.

If S is ranked second, which of the following can be true?

AU gets more than V

BV gets more than S
CP gets more than R
DP gets more than V
ET gets more than Q
Answer: Option A
Explanation:

If S ranks second, R ranks first and T ranks lowest. The order V > P > Q will be followed. So,
the arrangement will be R > S > _ > _ > _ > _ > T. Clearly, statements (b), (c), (d) and (e) cannot
follow. so the answer is (a).

9.

If V is ranked fifth, which of the following must be true?

AS scores the highest

BR is ranked second
CT is ranked third
DQ is ranked fourth
EU scores the least
Answer: Option A
Explanation:

If V ranks fifth, P and Q coming before it will occupy sixth and seventh places respectively i,e
Q ranks [Link], S will score the highest.