21AS52
USN
RV COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING®
(An Autonomous Institution Affiliated to VTU)
V Semester B. E. Examinations Apr-2024
Aerospace Engineering
AERODYNAMICS AND FLIGHT PERFORMANCE
Time: 03 Hours Maximum Marks: 100
Instructions to candidates:
1. Answer all questions from Part A. Part A questions should be
answered in first three pages of the answer book only.
2. Answer FIVE full questions from Part B. In Part B question number 2
is compulsory. Answer any one full question from 3 and 4, 5 and 6, 7
and 8, 9 and 10.
PART-A M BT CO
1 1.1 For a non-lifting flow over a circular cylinder simulated through
uniform flow and doublet flow, the stagnation points are found
to be located at __________ and __________ angle. 02 2 2
1.2 When an airplane is flying in a horizontal level flight path, then
the climb angle 𝜃 and roll angle 𝜙 will be __________. 01 3 1
1.3 For a non-lifting flow over a circular cylinder simulated through
uniform flow and doublet flow, the 𝐶𝑝 varies from __________ at
the stagnation points to __________ at the points of maximum
velocity. 02 2 2
1.4 According to Kelvin’s Circulation theorem, the starting vortex
generated by an airfoil will disappear when flow at the Trailing
edge becomes __________. 01 2 4
1.5 __________ is the maximum altitude at which an aircraft can
sustain level flight under standard atmospheric conditions,
where the thrust produced is equal to the total drag. 01 2 3
1.6 The fundamental equation of Prandtl’s lifting-line theory simply
states that the geometric angle of attack is equal to the sum of
the __________ plus the __________. 02 3 2
1.7 An aircraft with a mass of 500𝑘𝑔 and a wing area of 8𝑚2 is flying
at sea level at a constant speed of 50𝑚/𝑠. The aircraft engine is
generating 600𝑁 of thrust. Determine the lift coefficient. 02 3 1
1.8 __________ is the maximum altitude an aircraft can reach under
standard atmospheric conditions while maintaining a certain
rate of climb (usually 100𝑓𝑒𝑒𝑡 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒) 01 2 2
1.9 According to Biot Savart’s law, the strength of a vortex filament
is __________along its length. 01 1 3
1.10 According to Kutta-Jokowski theorem the lift per unit span is
directly proportional to __________. 01 1 3
1.11 Thrust required of an airplane simply the __________ of the
airplane. 01 1 1
1.12 Power required for level flight is directly proportional to the cube
if the __________. 01 3 3
1.13 (𝐿/𝐷𝑚𝑎𝑥 ) of an airplane depends only on the __________. 01 2 2
1.14 For a source and sink flows, the tangential velocities are
__________. 01 2 2
1.15 For a symmetrical airfoil, according to classical thin airfoil
theory, the lift slope is equal to __________. 01 2 2
1.16 __________ is a microscopic measure of rotation of fluid elements
at any point in the fluid flow and is a vector quantity. 01 3 4
PART-B
2 a Derive an expression for the classical thin airfoil theory
considering the elementary flows. 08 3 3
b Describe the Kutta condition in detail and prove that the
vorticity for different trailing edge shapes should be zero. 08 1 1
3 a Describe downwash and its impact on finite wings, including its
role in induced drag generation. Explore the correlation between
downwash and the distribution of lift across the wing span. 08 2 2
b Derive the equation for Biot-Savart law and Helmholtz’s
theorems in the context of aerodynamics. How are these
principles applied in understanding the behavior of vortex
filaments around finite wings? 08 3 3
OR
4 a Derive an expression for Prandtl’s classical lifting theory.
Discuss the assumptions made in this theory and its limitations
in predicting the aerodynamic behavior of finite wings. 10 3 4
b Explain the concept of a semi-infinite vortex filament and its
significance in aerodynamics. 06 1 1
5 a Derive an expression for the velocity potential equation for an
inviscid, compressible, subsonic flow over a body immersed in a
uniform stream. 10 3 2
b Derive an expression for linearized pressure coefficient for small
perturbations in the flow. 06 3 3
OR
6 a Sketch of the variation of profile drag coefficient with freestream
Mach number and explain the concept of drag divergence Mach
number. 08 2 3
b With neat diagrams, explain the significance of critical Mach
number. Graphically show the effect of airfoil thickness on
critical Mach number. 08 1 1
7 a Derive the general expression for the endurance 𝐸 of a propeller
–driven airplane. 08 3 4
b Define the following terms and give their mathematical
expressions with respect to airplane performance.
i) Time to climb
ii) Maximum climb angle 𝜃𝑚𝑎𝑥
iii) Rate of climb
iv) Power required and power available 08 1 3
OR
8 a Derive the Breguet range equation and show that the range for
1/2
2 𝐶𝐿 1/2
the Jet Propelled Airplanes is 𝑅 = 2/𝐶𝑡 √𝜌 (𝑊0 − 𝑊 −1/2 )
∞𝑆 𝐶𝐷 08 3 3
b Consider the Gulfstream IV twin-turbofan executive transport
aircraft. Calculate the thrust required curve at an altitude of
9.144𝑚, assuming a weight of 33,113𝑘𝑔. Airplane data: 𝑆 = 88𝑚2 ,
𝐴𝑅 = 5.92, 𝐶𝐷,0 = 0.015 and 𝐾 = 0.08. 08 3 4
9 a Derive the equation for load factor and bank angle required for
level coordinated turns. 08 3 4
b With neat sketch, explain the sequence of events during the
take-off of an airplane from a runway. 08 2 3
OR
10 a Derive the equation for the accelerated rate of climb, considering
factors such as thrust-to-weight ratio, drag, and specific excess
power. 08 3 4
b Derive an expression to calculate the approach distance required
for an airplane during landing. 08 2 3