API Standard Summary
Jumat, Februari 15, 2008 pada 2:44 pm (Piping Stress Analysis)
API atau American Petroleum Institute adalah suatu “Main US trade association ” untuk Industry
Oil and Gas yang mewakili sekitar 400 Perusahaan yang tersebar di Production, Refinement and
Distribution, serta industry lainnya, kadang juga disebut sebagai AOI atau American Oil
Industry.
Sejak tahun 1924, API sudah membuat standard untuk keperluan Industry Minyak dan Gas Alam
dunia.
Saat ini API memantain sekitar 550 Standard yang meliputi seluruh aspek didalam Industry
Minyak dan Gas Alam. API juga ikut terlibat secara aktif didalam pembuatan dan pengembangan
ISO atau International Standard Organization yang juga sesuai untuk digunakan di dunia industry
secara umum.
Setiap tahunnya lebih dari 100,000 publications disebar keseluruh penjuru dunia oleh API.
American Petroleum Institute
1220 L Street, NW
Washington DC 20005-4070
USA
[Link]
Beberapa API Standard yang biasa digunakan di dalam dunia kerja Engineering saya lampirkan
dibawah beserta sekilas scope dari Standard tersebut.
1. API 2B: Specification for the Fabrication of Structural Steel Pipe.
This specification covers the fabrication of structural steel pipe formed from plate steel
with Longitudinal and circumferential butt-weld seams, typically in sizes 14in Ouside
Diameter (OD) and larger with wall thickness 3/8 in and greater.
This pipe is suitable for use in construction of welded Offshore Structures. And primarily
intended to be use in Piling and Main Structural members.
2. API 5L:Specification for Line Pipe:
This specification is to provide standards for pipe suitables for use in conveying GAS,
WATER, and OIL in both OIL and NATURAL GAS Industries. This specification
covers seamless and welded steel line pipe. Includes Plain-End, Threaded-End, Belled-
end pipe, and Through-the-Flowline (TFL)pipe and pipe with ends prepared for use with
special coupling.
3. API 520: Sizing, Selection and Installation of Pressure-Relieving Devices in
Refineries
Part I - Sizing and Selection.
This recommended pratice applies to the sizing and selection of pressure Relief devices
used in refineries and related industries for equipment that has a MAWP (Maximum
Allowable Working Pressure) of 15 psig (103 kPag) or Greater. Intended to protect
infired Pressure Vessels and Related Equipment againts overpressure from Operating and
Fire Contingencies.
4. API 520: Sizing, Selection and Installation of Pressure-Relieving Devices in
Refineries
Part II - Installation
This recommended pratice covers methode of Installation for pressure relief devices used
in refineries and related industries for equipment that has a MAWP (Maximum
Allowable Working Pressure) of 15 psig (103 kPag) or Greater.
5. API 526: Flanged Steel Pressure Relief valves
This standard is a purchase specification for flanged steel pressure relief valves.
Basic requirements are given for direct spring-loaded pressure relief valves and pilot-
operated pressure relief valves as follows:
a. Orifice Designation and area
b. Valve size and pressure rating, inlet and outlet
c. Materials
d. Pressure-Temperature Limits
e. Center-to-face dimensions, inlet and outlet
6. API Standard 530/ISO 13704:2001: Calculation of Heater-Tube Thickness in
Petroleum Refineries
This Internaitonal Standards specifies requirements and gives recommendations for the
procedures and design criteria used for
calculating the required wall thickness of new tubes for petroleum refinery heaters, for
both corrosive and non-corrosive applications. Specifically for the design of refinery and
related process Fired Heater Tubes (direct-fired, heat-absorbing tubes with enclosures).
7. API 541: Form-wound Squirrel-Cage Induction Motors-500 HP and Larger
This standard covers the minimum requirements for form-wound squirrel-cage inductions
motors 500 Horsepower (HP) and larger for use in Petroleum Industry Services.
8. API 560: Fired Heaters for General Refinery Service
This standard covers the minimum requirements for the design, materials, fabrication,
inspection, testing, preparation for shipment, and erection of FIRED HEATERS, AIR
PREHEATERS, FANS and BURNERS for General Refinery Service.
9. API 594: Check Valves: Flanged, Lug, Wafer and Butt-Welding
This standard covers design, material, face-to-face dimension, pressure-temperature
ratings, and examinations, inspection, test requirements for two types of Check valves:
o TYPE A Check Valves: short face-to-face and can be wafer, lug or double
flanges, singale plate or dual plate; gray iron, ductile iron, steel, nickel alloy or
other alloy desihned for Installation between Class 125 - 250 Cast Iron Flanges as
ASME B16.1, between Class 150 and 300 ductile iron flanges specifies in ASME
B16.5, and between Class 150 - 600 steel pipeline flanges as specified in MSS
SP-44 or carbon steel flanges as Specified in ASME B16.47
o TYPE B Check Valves are long face-to-face and can be Flanged or Butt-Welding,
steel, nickel allow or other alloy designed for installation between Class 150-2500
Steel Flanges as in ASME B16.5 or for butt-welding into industry accepted piping
system
10. API 598: Valve Inspection and Testing
This standard covers inspection, examination, supplementary examinations, and pressure
test requirements for resilient-seated, non-metallic-seated and metal-to-metal-seated
Valves of the Gate, Globa, Plug, Ball, Check, and Butterfly type.
11. API 602: Steel gate, Globe and Check Valves for Sizes DN 100 and Smaller for the
or Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries.
ISO 15761: 2002: This International Standard Specifies the requirements for a
series of compact steel gate, globe and check valves for petroleum and natural gas
industry application.
Applicable to: DN 8, 10, 15, 20, 25, 32, 40, 50, 65, 80, and 100 corresponding to: NPS
1/4, 3/8, 1/2, 3/4, 1, 1 1/4, 1 1/2, 2, 2 1/2, 3 and 4. and to pressure designation of Class
150, 300, 600, 800 and Class 1500. Class 800 is not a listed class designation but is an
intermediate class number widely used for socket-welding and threaded end compact
valves.
12. API 607: Testing of Valves - Fire Type-testing Requirement
or ISO 1-497-5:2004.
This international standard specifies fire type-testing requirements and a fire type-test
methode for confirming the pressure-containing capability of valve under pressure during
and after the fire test. It does not cover the testing requirements for valve actuators other
than manually operated gear boxxes or similar mechanism when theses form part of the
normal valve assembly.
13. API 609: Butterfly Valves: Double Flanged, Lug and Wafer Type.
This standard covers design, material, face-to-face dimensions; pressure-temperature
ratings and examination, inspection, and test requirements for Gray Iron, Ductile Iron,
Bronze, Steel, Nickel base Alloy or special alloy butterfly valves that provide shuttoff in
the closed position and are suitable for flow regulation.
14. API 610: Centrifugal Pumps for Petroleum, Petrochemical and Natural Gas
Industries
equivalent to:
ISO 13709: 2003: Centrifugal Pumps for Petroleum, Petrochemical and Natural Gas
Industries
This international standard specifies requirements for centrifugal pumps, including
pumps running in reverse as hydraulic power recovery turbines for use in petroleum,
petrochemical and gas industry process services.
15. API 611: General Purpose Steam Turbines for Refinery Service
16. API 612: Petroleum, Petrochemical and natural Gas Industries - Steam Turbines -
Special Purpose Applications
equivalent to:
ISO Final Draft International Standard 10437:
This standard specifies requirements and gives recommendations for the design,
materials, fabrication, inspection, testing and preparation for shipment for Steam
Turbines in special purposes services. It also covers the related lube-oil systems,
instrumentation, control systems and auxiliary equipment. It is not applicable to General
Purpose Steam Turbines which are covered in API Std. 611.
17. API 613: Special Purpose Gear Units for Petroleum, Chemical and Gas Industry
Services
This standard covers the menimum requirements for specifial-purpose, enclosed,
precission single and double-helical one and two-stage speed increasers and reducers of
parallel-shaft design for petroleum, chemical and gas Industry services.
18. API 614: Lubrication, Shaft-Sealing, and Control-Oil Systems and Auxiliaries for
Petroleum, Chemical and Gas Industry Services.
This international standard covers the minimum requirements for lubrication systems, oil-
type shaft-sealing systems, dry gas face-type shatf-sealing systems, and control-oil
systems for general purposes applications. General purpose applications are limited to
lubrication systems.
19. API 616: Gas Turbines for the Petroleum, Chemical, and Gas Industry Services .
This standard covers the minimum requirements for open, simple, and regenerative-cycle
combustion gas turbines units for services of mechanical drive, generator drive, or
process gas generation.
20. API 617: Centrifugal Compressors for Petroleum, Chemical, and Gas Service
Industries.
This standard covers the minimum requirements for centrifugal compressors used in
petroleum, chemical, and gas industries that handle air or gas. This standard does not
apply to fans or blowers that develop less than 34 kPa or 5 Psi) pressure rise above
atmospheric pressure; these are covered by API Standard 673.
21. API 620: Design and Construction of Large, Welded, Low-Pressure Storage Tank
22. API 650: Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage.
This standard covers material, design, fabrication, erection, and tetsing requirements for
vertical, cylindrical, aboveground, closed and open top, welded steel storage tank in
various size and capacities for internal pressures approximating atmospheric pressure
(internal pressure not exceedng the weight of the roof plates), but a higher internal
pressure is permitted when additional requirements are met (see 1.1.10 of API 650).
This standard applies only to tanks whose entire bottom is uniformly supported and to
tanks in nonrefrigerated service that have a maximum design temperature of 93 C (200 F)
or less.
23. API 661: Air-Cooled Heat Exchangers for General Refinery Service.
ISO 13706: 2000: Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries - Air Cooled Heat Exchangers.
This International Standard gives requirements and recommendations for the designs,
materials, fabrication, inspection, testing and preparation for shipment of air-cooled heat
exchangers for use in the petroleum and natural gas industries.
24. API 662: Plate Heat Exchangers for General Refinery Services.
Part 1- Plate-and-Frame Heat Exchangers.
ISO 15547-1:2006: (Identical)Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries-
Plate-type Heat Exchangers-Part 1: Plate-and-Frame Heat Exchangers.
This Part of ISO 15547 gives requirements and recommendations for the mechanical
designs, materials, fabrication, inspection, testing and preparation for shipment of plate-
and-frame heat exchangers for use in petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries.
It is applicbale to gasketed, semi-welded and welded plate-and-frame heat exchangers.
25. API 670: Machinery Protection Systems.
This standard covers the minimum requirements for a machinery protection systems
measuring radial shaft vibrations, casing vibration, shaft axial position shaft rotational
speed, piston rod drop, phase reference, overspeed, and critical machinery temperatures
(such as bearing metal and motor windings).
It covers requirements for hardware (transducer and monitor systems), installation,
documentation and testing.
26. API 682: Pumps-Shaft Sealing Systems for Centrifugal and Rotary Pumps.
ISO 21049: 2004 (identical): Pumps-Shaft Sealing Systems for Centrifugal and
Rotary Pumps.
This international standard specifies requirements fand gives recommendation for sealing
systems for centrifugal and rotary pumps used in the petroleum, natural gas and chemical
industries.
It is applicable mainly for hazardeous, flammable and/or toxic services where a greater of
reliability is requiredfor the improvement of equipment availability and the reduction of
both emissions to atmosphere and life cycle sealing cost.
It covers seal pump shaft diameters from 20mm (0.75 in) to 110 mm (4.3 in).
27. API 1104: Welding of Pipelines and Related Facilities
This standard covers the gas and arc welding of butt, fillet, and socket welds in carbon
and low-alloy steel piping used in the compression, pumping and transmission of crude
petroleum, petroleum products, fuel gases, carbon dioxida, nitorgen and, where aplicable,
covers welding on distribution system.
28. API 2218: Fireproofing Practices in Petroleum and Petrochemical Processing
Plants.
This publication is intended to provide guidance for selection, applying, and maintaining
fireproofing systems that are designed to limit the extent of fire related property loss in
the petroleum and petrochemical industries.
29. API 2510: Design and Construction of LPG Installation.
This standard covers the design, construction and location of liquefied petroleum gas
(LPG) installation at marine and pipeline terminals, natural gas processing plants,
refineries, petrochemical plants or tank farms.
This standard covers storage vessels, loading and unloading systems, piping or related
equipment.
30. API 2510 A: Fire-Protection Consideration for the Design and Operation of
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Storage Facilities.
This publication addresses the design, operation, and maintenance of LPG Storage
facilities, from the standpoints of prevention and control of releases, fire protection
design, and fire-control measures. In case of conflict, the API Standard 2510 shall
prevail.
31. API RP 2A-WSD : Recommended Practice for Planning, Designing and
Constructing Fixed Offshore Platforms - Working Stress Design.
This publication serves as a guide for those who are concerned with the design and
construction of new platforms and for the relocation of existing platforms used for the
drilling, development, storage of hydrocarbon in offshore area.
In addition, guidelines are provided for the assessment of existing platforms in the event
that it become necessary to make a determination of the “fitness for purposes” of the
structure.
32. API RP - 14G: Recommended Practice for Fire Prevention and Control of Fixed
Open-Type Offshore Production Platforms
This publication presents recommendations for minimizing the likelihood of having an
accidental fire, and for designing, inspecting, and maintaining fire control systems.
It emphasizes the need to train personnel in fire fighting, to conduct routine drills, and to
establish methodes and procedures for safe evacuations.
33. API RP - 14J: Recommended Practice for Design and Hazard Analysis for Offshore
Production Facilities
This document recommends minimum requirements and guidelines for the design and
layout of production facilities on open-type offshore platforms, and it is intended to bring
together in one place a brief description of basic hazard analysis procedure for offshore
production facilities.
34. API RP - 521: Guide for Pressure-Relieving and Deprusuring Systems.
This recommended practice is applicable to pressure-relieving and vapor depressuring
systems.
This recommended practice is intended to supplement the practices set forth in API
Recommended Practice 520 Part-1, for establishing a basis of design.
35. API RP-577: Welding Inspection and Metallurgy
This recommended practices provides guidance to the API authorized inspector on
welding inspection as encountered with fabrication and repair of refinery and chemical
plant equipment and piping.