The given chart illustrates the process of producing ethanol from
corn.
Overall, it can be seen that there are approximately 9 steps in the
process, starting from the collection of corn from the field, and
culminating with pure ethanol, ready to be transported and sold.
The process of producing ethanol from corn starts with the collection
and storage of corn. The corn is then milled and cooked with water for
around 4 hours. Once it has been cooked, it then undergoes a process
of fermentation which takes around 48 hours to complete.
Afterwards, the fermented product is then put through a process
which separates the liquid from the solids. The liquid then needs to be
purified, which takes around 5 hours, while the solid material ends up
being a useful by-product of the process. After the liquid has been
purified, it can then be stored before it is shipped to the consumers.
The diagram illustrates the steps by which ceramic(1) pots are
manufactured.
In general, the production of ceramic pots involves nine steps,
beginning with the collection of raw materials, to the colouring and
decoration of the finished product.
Firstly, the raw material required to make the pots is mined(2) from the
earth and transported to factories. Once at the factory, the raw
material is crushed, mixed with other ingredients, and placed into
moulds. Once the material has been moulded to the desired shape it is
then dried for approximately 4-6 hours.
Once the pot is dry, it is taken from the mould and placed in an oven
and baked at around 1000 degrees Celsius. After the pots have been
sufficiently baked(3), they are dipped in colour to decorate them and
again fired(3) in an oven to dry the colour. The pots are then ready for
sale or for use.
The diagram illustrates the steps by which to compost(1) recycled
from organic waste in order to produce a natural garden fertiliser.
Overall, there are approximately 5 basic steps in the process of
making fertiliser at home from recycled organic waste matter,
beginning with the preparation of an empty plastic container and
ending with composted organic garden fertiliser.
The first stage is to acquire a plastic container of approximately 2m3
that has several holes in the sides to allow air to flow in and out of the
container. Next, organic materials such as food scraps, grass
clippings(2), and newspaper are layered(3) inside the container in
approximately 15cm thick layers.
Afterwards, hot water and some form of nitrogen are added to the
compost to assist in(4) the composting process which follows. During
this process air will flow in and out of the air holes on the sides of the
container. Approximately six months later, the composted material
will be ready to be removed from the container and used in the garden
as fertiliser.
The diagram illustrates the process of harvesting and recycling
stormwater for use by residents in an Australian city.
Overall, there are around 9 stages in the process of providing recycled
rainwater to Australian households, including the collection of
rainwater, treatment, and distribution of the end product.
The first step in the process is the collection of rainwater after a large
downpour. Rain flows through drains in the ground and into pipes
where it is transferred to a water recycling plant. There are four
stages of filtration at the plant, beginning with the removal of plastic
and other rubbish.(1) Next, small particles are removed from the water,
followed by bacteria and viruses. Lastly, tiny molecules and salt are
also removed.
After undergoing the recycling process at the plant, chlorine is added
to the water, at approximately 4mg/litre for further treatment. The
water is then transferred via pipes to large storage tanks where it can
be easily distributed to Australian households.