🔍 Example Problems & Solutions
Exercise 1.1 – Basic Operations
1. Equality: If a+bi=c+dia + bi = c + dia+bi=c+di, then:
o real parts: a=ca = ca=c
o imaginary parts: b=db = db=d
2. Addition/Subtraction:
o (3+2i)+(1−4i)=4−2i(3 + 2i) + (1 - 4i) = 4 - 2i(3+2i)
+(1−4i)=4−2i
o (3+2i)−(1−4i)=2+6i(3 + 2i) - (1 - 4i) = 2 + 6i(3+2i)
−(1−4i)=2+6i
3. Multiplication:
o (2+3i)(1−i)=2−2i+3i−3i2=2+i+3=5+i(2 + 3i)(1 - i) = 2 - 2i +
3i - 3i^2 = 2 + i + 3 = 5 + i(2+3i)
(1−i)=2−2i+3i−3i2=2+i+3=5+i
4. Division:
o 3+4i1−2i=(3+4i)
(1+2i)12+22=3+6i+4i+8i25=(3−8)+10i5=−5+10i5=−1+2i\
frac{3 + 4i}{1 - 2i} = \frac{(3 + 4i)(1 + 2i)}{1^2 + 2^2} = \
frac{3 + 6i + 4i + 8i^2}{5} = \frac{(3 - 8) + 10i}{5} = \
frac{-5 + 10i}{5} = -1 + 2i1−2i3+4i=12+22(3+4i)(1+2i)
=53+6i+4i+8i2=5(3−8)+10i=5−5+10i=−1+2i
Exercise 1.2 – Conjugate & Modulus, Polar, Roots
1. Conjugate: If z=a+biz = a + biz=a+bi, then z‾=a−bi\overline{z} =
Modulus: ∣z∣=a2+b2|z| = \sqrt{a^2 + b^2}∣z∣=a2+b2
a - biz=a−bi.
2. Example: Let z=3+4iz = 3 + 4iz=3+4i
o Conjugate: 3−4i3 - 4i3−4i
o Modulus: ∣z∣=5|z| = 5∣z∣=5
3. Argand Plane: Plot point (a, b)(a,\, b)(a,b).
In polar form:
r=∣z∣,θ=arg(z)=tan−1(ba);z=r(cosθ+isinθ) r = |z|,\quad \theta = \
arg(z) = \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{b}{a}\right);\quad z = r(\cos\theta + i\
sin\theta)r=∣z∣,θ=arg(z)=tan−1(ab);z=r(cosθ+isinθ)
4. De Moivre’s theorem:
(r(cosθ+isinθ))n=rn(cos(nθ)+isin(nθ)) (r(\cos\theta + i\sin\theta))^n
= r^n (\cos(n\theta) + i\sin(n\theta))(r(cosθ+isinθ))n=rn(cos(nθ)
+isin(nθ))
Exercise 1.3 – Problem Solving & Applications
Here are typical types of questions:
Find √(a + bi) in simplest form (e.g. using polar or algebraic
method).
Solve quadratic equations with complex roots, like
x2−4x+13=0x^2 - 4x + 13 = 0x2−4x+13=0.
Evaluate expressions like x3x^3x3 or x4x^4x4 for a given
complex xxx.
These are similar to examples given for Class 11 but adapted for Class 10
level [Link] Class Notes+1StudyPlusPlus+1.
✅ How to Approach Your Exercises
1. Identify the exercise number you're working on (e.g. Ex 1.1, 1.2, or
1.3).
2. Review the conceptual rules for that exercise: basic operations,
modulus & conjugate, and polar/roots respectively.
3. Work through examples step by step:
(c+di), ∣z∣=a2+b2|z| = \sqrt{a^2 + b^2}∣z∣=a2+b2, De
o Write the full formula (e.g. (a+bi)(c+di)(a + bi)(c + di)(a+bi)
Moivre’s theorem, etc.).
o Compute with care: simplify, conjugate if needed, rationalize
denominators.
4. Write the final answer in simplest form (a + bi format).
🧮 Sample Answer Layout
Q: Solve x2−4x+13=0x^2 - 4x + 13 = 0x2−4x+13=0.
Use the quadratic formula: x=4±(−4)2−4⋅1⋅132=4±16−522=4±
−362=4±6i2=2±3i.x = \frac{4 \pm \sqrt{(-4)^2 - 4 \cdot 1 \cdot
13}}{2} = \frac{4 \pm \sqrt{16 - 52}}{2} = \frac{4 \pm \sqrt{-
36}}{2} = \frac{4 \pm 6i}{2} = 2 \pm 3i.x=24±(−4)2−4⋅1⋅13
=24±16−52=24±−36=24±6i=2±3i.
So the roots are x=2+3ix = 2 + 3ix=2+3i and x=2−3ix = 2 - 3ix=2−3i.
📚 Where to Find Full Solutions
You can find full exercise-wise solutions for Chapter 1 (Complex Numbers)
in Class 10 FBISE Maths notes and PDFs published online. Sites like
StudyPlusPlus and other education platforms offer
exercise-by-exercise solved material aligned with the NBF/FBISE
syllabus