Disaster Management Centre

National Council

The Sri Lanka Disaster Management Act No. 13 of 2005 was enacted on 13.05.2005 and Disaster
Management Centre (DMC) was established with effect from 01.08.2005 as provided by the Act.
The Act required establishing two important Institutions, namely The National Council for
Disaster Management (NCDM) and The Disaster Management Centre (DMC) under the National
Council for Disaster Management (NCDM) as the lead agency on disaster risk management in the
country in implementing the directives of NCDM. In January 2006, the above Ministry was
renamed as the Ministry of Disaster Management & Human Rights.

Introduction to Disaster Management Center

Disaster Management Centre (DMC) is the leading agency for disaster management in Sri Lanka.
It is mandated with the responsibility of implementing and coordinating national and sub-national
level programs for reducing the risk of disasters with the participation of all relevant stakeholders.
DMC was established as per the provisions of the Sri Lanka Disaster Management Act No. 13 of
2005 as the executing agency of the National Council for Disaster Management (NCDM).

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The main activities of the Disaster Management Centre (DMC) are Research and Development,
Mitigation, Planning Preparedness, Dissemination of Early Warning for the vulnerable population,
Emergency Response, Coordination of Relief and Post Disaster Activities in collaboration with
other key agencies.
In order to facilitate the coordination and implement all DMC activities, Disaster Management
Committees were established at District, Divisional, Grama Niladhari Wasams, across the country.
Also District Disaster Management Coordination Units (DDMCU) were established in all districts
to carry out Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) activities at the sub national level.

Organizational Structure

The principal functions of the DMC under the said Act are to
Assisting the Council in the preparation of the National Disaster Management Plan and the
National Emergency Operation Plan and proposals for upgrading the same when it becomes
necessary
Taking responsibility for the implementation of the National Disaster Management Plan and the
National Emergency Operation Plan, and upon the declaration of a state of disaster to direct and
coordinate the implementation of the National Emergency Operation plan

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Ensuring that the various Disaster Management Plans prepared by Ministries, Government
Departments or public corporations conforms to the National Disaster Management Plan
Based on Disaster Management Plans prepared by various Ministries, Government Departments
and public corporations under section 10, preparing and implementing programmes and plans for
disaster preparedness, mitigation, prevention, relief, rehabilitation and reconstruction activities
and coordinating of organizations which implement such programmes and plans and obtain
financial assistance form the Treasury for such activities and release the same to the relevant
regions and monitor and evaluate these activities
Issuing instructions and guidelines to appropriate organizations, non-governmental organizations,
district secretaries and divisional secretaries on activities relating to disaster management and
initiating and implementing work programmes in co-ordination with such organizations and
secretaries
Promoting research and development programmes in relation to disaster management and setting
up and maintaining a data base on disaster management
Submitting reports to the Council from time to time and whenever required by the Council in
regard to its activities.
This Act also provides for a framework for disaster risk management in Sri Lanka and addresses
disaster management (DM) holistically, leading to a policy shift from response based mechanisms
to a proactive approach towards Disaster Risk Management.

In terms of the Act following hazards come under the purview of Disaster Management:

• Floods
• Landslides
• Industrial Hazards
• Tsunami (Seismic Wave)
• Earthquakes
• Air Hazards
• Fire
• Epidemics
• Explosions
• Air Raids
• Civil or Internal Strife
• Chemical Accidents
• Radiological Emergency
• Oil Spills
• Nuclear Disaster

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 • Urban and Forest Fire
• Coastal Erosion
In July 2005 the Disaster Management Centre (DMC) was established under the National Council
for Disaster Management (NCDM) to be functional under H.E. the President.
In December 2005 a separate Ministry for Disaster Management was established under the Hon.
Prime Minister. In February 2006 the Ministry for Disaster Management and Human Rights
(M/DM&HR) was established with the subject of Human Rights listed under its purview. As per
the gazette notification of February 2006 National Disaster Management Council, Disaster
Management Centre and Department of Meteorology were placed within the purview of
M/DM&HR. In 2010 National relief services Center was amalgamated with the Ministry of
Disaster Management and Ministry was named as the Ministry of Disaster Management.

The DM functions implemented through the DMC according to gazette notification are as follows:

• Initiate and coordinate foreign aided projects for disaster mitigation, response and recovery
• Liaising with Ministries, Government authorities and agencies, private sector agencies,
NGOs and INGOs and all other relevant agencies to ensure timely execution of such
responsibility.
• Coordination and Management of relief activities pertaining to natural and man-made
disasters.
• Coordinating awareness programs on natural disasters and man-made disasters
• Early warning systems
• Supervision of the activities of non-governmental organizations and social welfare
voluntary agencies in relation to disaster management, provisions of relief and promotion
of human rights
• Facilitation of and assistance to non-governmental organizations and social welfare
voluntary agencies, in the fields of disaster management and human rights through
countrywide Ministries, Departments and Public Corporations, Provincial Council, Local
Authority Administration; and District, Division and Grama Niladhari administration; to
enforce coordinate and monitor activities related to
• Hazard Mapping and Risk Assessment
• Information Management
• Disaster mitigation
• Early warning dissemination
• Preparedness for effective response at disaster situations
• Emergency Operations Management
• Management of the post-disaster activities after a disaster

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National Disaster Management Plan
NDMP is the overall guiding document covering intended activities of the major phases –
mitigation, preparedness, emergency operations and post disaster activities, such as relief, recovery
and reconstruction. Training, public awareness and education are also covered in the above phases.
The users of this plan will be all stakeholders; officials of sub-national administrations (provincial
and district); relevant officers and personnel from Governmental and Non-Governmental
organizations; community leaders, private sector, civil society, professional organizations and
people’s representatives.
National Disaster management plan will be implemented in conjunction with other plans on related
national policies. Plans and policies of the related sectors covering the subjects as indicated in the
Act have been taken into consideration in preparing this plan to the maximum extent possible and
where there are any lapses such plans and policies will be taken into consideration as and when
identified during implementation. All line Ministries, Departments and agencies, when preparing
their plans will take this Plan into consideration. Administrations at Provincial, Local Authority
(LA), District, Divisional and Grama Niladhari (GN) levels also will have their plans accordingly.
All implementing authorities, NGOs and grass root level organizations will have their operational
plans in conformity with National Disaster management plan.
All these plans at all levels and different sectors are to be developed in conformity with the NDMP
and NEOP and will consist of the following component parts as applicable:

• Risk Assessment
• Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Plan
• Disaster Preparedness Plan for Emergency Response (DPPER)
• Contingency Plans
• Disaster Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Plan

Goal
Reduced disaster impact on communities, infrastructure, lifeline facilities, shelter, agricultural
property, economic and development activities in Sri Lanka
Aim
Translating the National DM Policy into action in order to achieve the overall aim
Objective
Establishment of mechanisms/systems for Disaster Risk Management (DRM) in Sri Lanka as a
multi-sectoral, inter-ministerial, and inter-agency activity, by identifying and assessing the
capacities of existing agencies for improving their capacities and mandates as necessary to

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implement the identified tasks, using methodologies and concepts already developed and field
tested.
Conformity of Disaster Management Plans at all Levels and in all Sectors

Plan Coverage and Structure

This National Disaster Management Plan covers management arrangements, relationships,
mechanisms, strategies and corresponding timeframes for action to establish the Disaster Risk
Management (DRM) framework and implementing related programmes in the country with a
multi-disciplinary approach, i.e., multi-sectoral, inter-ministerial, and inter-agency multiple-
stakeholder participation within a period of 5 years covering the entire disaster management cycle.

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It looks at Disaster Risk Management (DRM) at all levels holistically dealing with the vital areas
listed below:

• Pre-event Measures
• Hazard Assessment, Vulnerability and Risk Analysis/Evaluation, Research, Databases
• Mitigation
• Preparedness
II. Emergency Response Measures (Measures during and immediately after the
impact)
III. Post disaster measures (medium and long term after the disaster), Relief and
recovery, Loss and damage assessment, Rehabilitation, Reconstruction, Psychological and
trauma counselling, Long-term assistance to rebuild the community is critical for survival.

National Policy
Introduction to Disaster Management Policy
Sri Lanka is affected by different types of natural hazards. They include Floods, Landslides,
Cyclones, Droughts, Rock Falls, Land Subsidence, Earth Tremours, Storm Surges, Coastal Floods,
Coastal Erosion, Salinisation, Soil Erosion and Sedimentation, Salinity Intrusion in to Drinking
Water Sources, Forest Fire, High Winds, Tornadoes etc., More localised hazards such as lightning
strike, epidemic and hazards related to environmental pollution are also prevalent. The Indian
Ocean tsunami of December 2004 has also highlighted the vulnerability of Sri Lanka to such
irregular and occasional high-impact events. Occasional non-destructive and destructive
earthquakes have also been recorded over the past 400 years in various parts of the Island.
Frequency of occurrence of natural disasters is in an increasing trend, which may be attributed
mainly to unplanned development, environmental degradation, human intervention and climatic
changes. It is an accepted fact that human intervention can increase the frequency and severity of
natural hazards and that human intervention can cause natural hazards where none existed before.
This shows that even if people can do little or nothing to change the incidence of intensity of most
natural phenomena, they have an important role to play to ensure that natural events are not
converted in to disasters by their own actions. Some such human actions are undue land filling,
deforestation, indiscriminate coral, sand and gem mining.
With increasing population combined with scarcity of lands which are not exposed to natural
hazards, there is a strong tendency for people to occupy such lands which have a greater exposure
to hazards. Unplanned development activities in such situations increase the vulnerability leading
to greater overall risks. Due to this reason, it is mostly the urban and rural poor who are at risk to
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disasters as it is the poor who occupy such vulnerable lands. Optimising development and
maintaining its sustainability will only be possible by safeguarding the environment, which in turn
will help arrest triggering of hazards. This emphasises the fact that development, environment and
disaster management are very closely linked.
In addition to natural hazards, the country is exposed to various human induced hazards such as
industrial hazards, major industrial and occupational accidents, air and maritime hazards, urban
fire, epidemics, explosions, air raids, civil or internal strife, chemical accidents (toxic, gas, fuel,
other), radiological emergencies, inland and marine oil spills, major transportation accidents
including hazardous materials and terrorism related disasters. Disasters resulting from ethnic
conflicts and due to chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear disasters also must be taken into
account.
Disasters are exceptional events with overwhelming loss of lives and property. Even if predicted,
disasters may not be completely averted due to reasons beyond human control. There is always
likely to be a degree of loss, human as well as material. In this context, managing disasters in the
21st century requires a unified and a national approach which is highly concerted and coordinated.
With the overall objective of reducing the risk, it focuses on where possible preventing the
occurrence of disasters, mitigating their impact and ensuring that there is adequate preparedness
to guarantee an effective response.
It is required to assess the disaster risks and contributing factors for both natural and human
induced disasters in different parts of the country, in order to make disaster risk reduction
interventions and have preparedness plans to respond if they occur, ensuring recovery at the
earliest possible instance. This emphasises the need for a national policy on disaster management;
a policy that will commit all organisations and communities to act in such a manner so that highest
safety will be ensured for all citizens, property and infrastructure facilities.

Hyogo Framework for Action

The policy is based on the Hyogo Framework for Action for achieving disaster resilience for
vulnerable communities, which Government of Sri Lanka has ratified. The framework has
identified five priority areas as follows.
1. Ensure that disaster risk reduction is a national priority with a strong institutional basis for
implementation
2. Identify, assess and monitor disaster risks and enhance early warning
3. Use knowledge, innovation and education to build a culture of safety and resilience at all
levels
4. Reduce the underlying risk factors
5. Strengthen disaster preparedness for effective response.

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Objectives of the Policy
The main objective of the National Disaster Management Policy is to establish, strengthen and
maintain the following in collaboration with all relevant stakeholders:

1. Introduce sustainable mechanisms, structures, programmes to enhance capabilities for

disaster risk management
2. Ensure the establishment of national, regional and local level coordinating mechanisms for
disaster risk management
3. Guarantee the availability of resources for DRM activities through a special fund
4. Minimise disruption of economic activity and damage to environment
5. Mainstream and integrate disaster risk reduction into sectoral development programmes
including resource allocation in order to achieve sustainable development
6. Ensure use of appropriate procedures and guidelines for and responding to disasters and
threats of disasters in Sri Lanka in order to save lives and property
7. Adhere to higher standards than before in medium and long-term reconstruction and
rehabilitation initiatives
8. Ensure introduction of planning guidelines and building codes for construction in disaster
prone areas
9. Promote community based disaster management and micro insurance to improve the
resilience of the vulnerable communities
Institutional Arrangements
Responsibility in dealing with disasters will rest with the National Government, Provincial
Councils and Local Authorities and District level administrative system. DMC will play a role in
coordinating, facilitating and liaising with relevant ministries, governmental and non-
governmental organizations and other social and community organizations through coordinating
committees at national, regional and village levels.
Special Technical and Advisory Committees will be appointed to advice on identified subject areas
related to DRM having members representing different stakeholder agencies, academics and other
relevant specialists from private and public sector.

Guiding Principles
The National Disaster Management Policy is guided by the following principles.
1. During pre-disaster phase the highest priority will be accorded to early warning,
preparedness for response, mitigation, prevention, awareness and training

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 2. Formulation and issuance of early warning will be done by the identified technical agencies
and the dissemination will rest with DMC
3. Highest priority during a disaster will be accorded to save and protect life and environment
while meeting the immediate emergency needs of people, mitigating possible hazards that
pose immediate threat to life
4. Highest priority in post disaster phase will be accorded to provide basic needs of people,
immediate recovery of essential services and medium and long-term rehabilitation and
reconstruction to a higher standard than before.
5. Maintain equity in resource distribution during a disaster based on the severity and in pre
disaster phase based on the vulnerability
6. Treat with equality all vulnerable and affected communities
7. Encourage the participation of private sector in Disaster Risk Management activities as a
corporate social responsibility
8. Develop and adopt Code of Conduct for all stake holders actively engaged in DM sector

Articulating certain rights of the affected public in;

✓ Rights to information – Information on vulnerability assessment, on appropriate response
and on post disaster response
✓ Right to participate – Participate in disaster related decision making as well as development
related decision making in vulnerable area,
✓ Right to seek accountability – Particularly in disaster relief measures to seek accountability
and redress by accessing the Divisional or District Secretary or a Committee appointed at
the local level by the NCDM

Strategies
The following strategies will be adopted to achieve the policy objectives.

Disaster Mitigation
Disaster risks will be reduced by adopting suitable mitigation measures including hazard
prevention or reduction, integration of disaster concerns in development planning process through
coordination with technical agencies. In the mitigation process, protection of human lives, public
utilities and infrastructure from impacts of disasters will be given high priority.
Multi-hazard mapping, vulnerability and risk assessment will be carried out to ensure that all
information and hazard maps pertaining to the disaster situation in the country will be available in

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one place; and ensuring that technology transfer will be in one central location when collaborating
in projects with the international agencies providing technical assistance.
Disaster Preparedness for Response
Disaster Preparedness Plans for Response will be developed at Provincial, District, Divisional,
Local Authorities, Grama Niladari levels to establish an effective coordination mechanism through
Disaster Management Coordination Committees to ensure an efficient management of all disasters.
Encourage private sector to mainstream and integrate disaster management into their annual
programmes as a corporate social responsibility.
The protection of life of the community and environment from disasters and the maintenance and
development of disaster affected areas encouraging Community Based Disaster Management.
Multi-Hazard Early Warning Dissemination
Reliable and efficient early warning dissemination systems will be established and maintained in
the country to disseminate forecasting and warning messages related to different hazards issued
by national and international technical agencies as quick as possible to the vulnerable population
living in high risk areas.
Any recognised organisations at present involved in coordinating, monitoring or issuing warnings
on specific hazards, but not having legal mandate to do so, will be strengthened with the necessary
legal mandates. The shortcomings such as inadequate institutional capacity and information
communication systems will be improved.
Emergency Operations and Response
National and Sub-National Level Emergency Operation Centres and a National Level Call Centre
will be established and operated on 24/7 basis to encompass response activities with respect to
natural and man-made hazards prevalent in different areas of the country.
In respect of speedy recovery of the disrupted livelihoods of the affected communities, maximum
possible assistance will be provided to them within the minimum time, in coordination with
relevant ministries, government agencies and NGOs, adhering to social justice, neutrality,
impartiality, values and culture of affected persons.
Relief and Temporary Shelter Management
The affected population from any disaster those who are in IDP camps will be provided with safe
housing (temporary or permanent) as early as possible, if relocation is required.
Emergency Relief and Temporary Shelter Management related activities will be implemented by
the PC and LA levels; and district, divisional and GN levels of administration as specified in the
Preparedness and Response Plans coordinating with government and private sector agencies; and
NGOs, business communities, Community Based Organizations (CBOs) for getting their

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assistance and resources available. In carrying out these activities strict adherence will be ensured
to social justice, equitable distribution of relief, neutrality and impartiality in the provision of
assistance and respect for the dignity, values and culture of affected persons.

Establish permanent infrastructure in strategic locations in the country that could be called upon
to temporarily house affected persons, until land is identified and prepared to be given to victims
permanently, should the need arise.
DMC will coordinate as relevant with different levels of administration for organising additional
resource requirements for the affected areas from unaffected areas.
Ministry of Disaster Relief Services will implement relief measures. Overall coordination and
management of such relief activities will be by the M/DM&HR as identified in the Gazette
Extraordinary of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka – 29.01.2007.
Relocation of affected persons
Relocation of persons could be as result of vulnerability or occurrence of a disaster. Important and
concrete measures pertaining to development related resettlement laid down in the National
Involuntary Settlement Policy will be applicable in this regard.
Develop guidelines for the identification of land for settlement of people living in vulnerable
locations, subdivision of lands and mitigation measures to minimize occurrence of further disaster
Develop mechanism for the active involvement of communities affected in all stages of settlement
process
NCDM to appoint a Committee chaired by the District or Divisional Secretary, setting out the
decision making protocol during or in the post disaster scenario to take action for the assessment
of the risks and vulnerabilities associated with various disasters and communities vulnerable to
such disasters; including risks due to climate change; possible reduction of coastal land due to sea
level rise and identify strategic measures.
Recovery, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction
National, Provincial/LA and District/Division level units of service providing agencies will take
immediate action to revive the affected public utilities to provide essential services in affected
areas. LAs will immediately attend to all services within their purview. Where services are affected
severely, action will be taken to take temporary measures for providing such services immediately.
Training and Public Awareness
DMC will work out programmes on Training, Public Awareness and Education by carrying out
different activities as appropriate and collaborate with relevant ministries, agencies and
administrations at different levels.

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The capacity of vulnerable communities will be enhanced to protect themselves from disasters and
make them resilient to disasters through Community Based Disaster Risk Management.

Liaising with relevant agencies for integrating of DM in school curriculum and for school
awareness as appropriate in accordance with the programmes of the education sector including
teacher training.
Liaising with relevant agencies for incorporating Disaster Management in Tertiary Educational
Curricula – University and Other Tertiary Educational Establishments, including General DM
awareness and Specific content to match the subject area of the courses.
M/DM&HR and DMC will recognise the role of Media; create awareness among media
emphasizing on their responsibilities towards the general public on issuing correct and timely
information.
Coordination mechanism for implementation of DM activities
This National Disaster Management Policy will put in place a widely accepted mechanism for risk
management in the country and to provide for,
Coordination at National level with all stakeholders to manage disasters more effectively through
clear understanding of the roles and responsibilities of individual stakeholder.
Avoid overlaps ensuring the optimal utilization of scared resources in all DM activities through
inter-ministerial, inter-sectoral and inter-agency coordinating mechanism.
Develop a database and engage the NGOs/INGOs/CBOs for the implementation of nationally
identified DRM programmes considering their geographical presence, area of specialization and
available resources.
Monitoring and Review
The responsibility for monitoring and review of the policy will be with the M/DM&HR in
consultation with Disaster Management Centre. The policy may be reviewed from time to time to
accommodate the needs identified after a major disaster and requirements for effective
implementation.
Funds for Disaster Management
All funds received through all lawful sources what so ever, nationally or internationally will be
utilised by DMC in a transparent manner to the satisfaction of all concerned.
Establishment of a disaster response fund in the annual budget of relevant stakeholder
organizations including PCs / LAs / District and Divisional Secretariats for response activities.

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National Emergency Operational Plan (NEOP)
As per the Sri Lanka Disaster Management Act 2005, the Disaster Management Centre (DMC)
was endowed with the task of preparing the National Emergency Operation Plan (NEOP) and
under the legislative framework of NEOP, the Disaster Management Policy of the country, the
Disaster Management Act, No.13 of 2005 and the National Disaster Management Plan, 2013 -
2017, are considered as major documents empowering emergency operations.
NEOP is a plan describing the management arrangements; relationships; Operations Procedure;
mechanism for ensuring effective response to disaster or emergency situation if and when they
occur; and specifying roles and responsibilities of different stakeholders in different disaster
scenarios. It describes a time frame for actions to establish various operational frameworks in the
country to achieve a "Readiness State" to effectively respond in case of an emergency. The users
of this plan would be all stakeholders.
It establishes the relevant lines of authority and organizational relationships, coordinating all
relevant actions in emergencies and disasters.
The institutional responsibilities and responses for different types of disasters are depicted in the
NEOP.

National Disaster Management Coordination Committee (NDMCC)

Disaster risk reduction (DRR) is a cross-cutting and complex issue. Therefore, it requires political
and legal commitment, public understanding, scientific knowledge, careful development planning,
responsible enforcement of policies and legislation, people centered early warning systems, and
effective disaster preparedness and response mechanisms. A multi-stakeholder national
coordination for DRR can provide or mobilize the combined knowledge, skills, and resources
required for DRR and its mainstreaming into development policies, planning and programmes.

➢ Under the Chairmanship of the Secretary, Ministry of Disaster Management the NDMCC’s
roles and responsibilities are:

1. It is a national mechanism by which the country can address inter-related social, economic
and environmental problems;
2. It supports the identification of urgent needs in the area of DRR, allocating resources,
presenting time table for actions and monitoring and reviewing the implementation of DRR
activities in line with HFA and Road Map ;
3. It works towards better resourced, effective and integrated DRR efforts amongst national
stakeholders and amongst national, regional and international organizations. It supports

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 development goals, by providing a framework for systematic thought and commitment to
priority actions across sectors and the territory;
4. It serves as catalyst for national consultations and consensus building, as well as for DRR
priority identification and policy formulation, implementation and monitoring DRR
activities. The emphasis should be on managing progress towards DRR objectives rather
than producing a “Plan” as an end product ; and
5. It facilitates the allocation of resources from donors, development banks, and UN agencies
that are not represented in their respective countries. This can be advanced by advocating
the importance and necessity for UN country offices to support the integration of DRR into
UN backed development programmes

➢ Primary Activities:
1. Establishing baseline information for DRR, including disaster and risk profiles, national
policies, strategies, capacities, resources and programmes;
2. Identify targets, gaps, concerns and challenges and setting forth accepted priority areas in
DRR;
3. Advocating the urgent need for developing or adopting policies and legislations for DRR;
4. Benchmarking progress made in promoting DRR and its mainstreaming into development
policies, planning and programems;
5. Developing result-oriented work plan for National DM Coordination Committee to
coordinate the DRR activities in line with the HFA and “Road Map for Disaster Risk
Management; Towards a Safer Sri Lanka”;
6. Coordinating joint efforts among members of National DM Coordination Committee to
reduce the vulnerability of people at relatively high risk;
7. Monitoring, recording and reporting of DRR actions at national and community levels in
line with HFA and “Road Map for Disaster Risk Management; Towards a Safer Sri Lanka”;
8. Documenting lessons learned and good practices, and share the findings at national,
regional and international levels;
9. Working towards better integration of DRR into national planning, policies and
programmes in development and humanitarian assistance;
10. Initiate the Community Based/Led Disaster Management (CBDM) approach at national
level to strengthen community’s decision making process; and
11. Pursue empirical researches/ studies current DRM/ DRR practices, identify gaps, and
evolve mechanisms for successful implementation of CBDM.

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Preparedness Planning
➢ Main activities:
1. Preparation, reviewing and updating National Disaster Management Plan and National
emergency Operation Plan
2. Coordinating, directing and monitoring of preparation of disaster preparedness and
response plans at provincial, district, local authority, divisional and Grama Niladhari levels
3. Coordinate and assist health authorities on preparation of preparedness plans for
emergency response for hospitals
4. Coordinate and assist Ministry of Education for implementing the School Disaster Safety
Programme
5. Strengthening Local Authorities for emergency response
6. Development of response plans for different hazards such as cyclone, floods, landslides etc
7. Identification of vulnerable communities for different hazards and implement preparedness
activities to ensure the safety of people during disasters
8. Formation of disaster management committees and sub committees\
9. Awareness on disaster management, hazards, vulnerability
10. Preparation of hazard map for the village showing safe locations, safe routes, etc
11. Conducting mock drills
12. Distribution of equipment such as megaphones for early warning dissemination within the
village
13. Distribution of equipment such as boats, anguls for emergency response.

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