ANSI/ISA-5.

1-2024

Instrumentation and Control

Symbols and Identification
This ISA International Standard was approved by the
American National Standards Institute on 17 July 2024

This standard is intended for worldwide use

in all industries as applicable
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2024, Instrumentation and Control Symbols and Identification

IS
ISBN:
BN: 978-1-643
978-1-64331-25
31-250-7
0-7
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 - 3- ANSI/IS
ANS I/ISA-5.1-2
A-5.1-202
024
4

Preface

This prefa
This reface
ce,, a
as
s wel
welll as
as the
the ann
annex, is in
incl
clu
uded for
for in
infor
formatio
iona
nall p
pu
urpos
rposes
es an
and iis
s not
not a nor
norm
mat
ativ
ive
e pa
part of
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2024.

This doc
This ocuument
ent has been preprepare
ared a as
s pa
part of the ser
serv
vic
ice
eooff IISA
SA tow
towaard a goa
goall o
off un
unif
ifor
orm
mit
ity
y in the ffie
ielld of
of
automation.
autom ation. To be of real value, this document should not be stat
s tatic
ic but should be subject
s ubject to periodic review.
Towar
Tow ard
d this end,
end, the Socie
Societty welco
elcommes all
all com
comment
ents and
and cr
crit
itic
icis
ism
ms and
and ask
asks that they be add
addresse
ressedd to the
Secretary
ecretary,, IISA
SA Standard
tandards s and Practices Board; standards@[Link].
standards@[Link].
It is the policy of ISA to encourage and welcome the participation of all concerned individuals and interests
in the development of ISA IS A stand
s tandards,
ards, reco
recommmended
mended practices, and technical reports. Participat
P articipation
ion in the
ISA
IS A standards-making
standards-making process
process by an individual in no way cons
constit
titutes
utes endorsement b
by
y the employer
employer of that
individual, of ISA, or of any of the standards, recommended practices, and technical reports that ISA
develops.

International System of Units (SI) are the preferred units of measurement in ISA standards.

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IMPLE MENTING
G THIS DOCUMENT.
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DOCUMENT MAY
MAY BE IMPACTED
BY ELECTRONIC SECURITY ISSUES. THE COMMITTEE HAS NOT YET ADDRESSED THE
POTENTIAL ISSUES IN TH
THIS
IS VERSION.

ISA ([Link]) is an international professional association that sets the standard for those who apply
engineering and technology to improve the management, safety, and cybersecurity of modern automation
and control systems used across industry and critical infrastructure. Founded in 1945, ISA develops widely
used international standards for industrial automation, safety, and cybersecurity; certifies industry

Copyright ©2024 ISA. All rights reserved.

ANSI/IS
ANS I/ISA-5.1-2
A-5.1-202
024
4 - 4-

professionals; provides education and training; publishes books and technical articles; hosts conferences
and events; and provides networking and career development programs for its members and customers
around the world.

ISA
IS A owns
owns [Link], a leading online publisher of automation-related content. In addition, through a
wholly owned subsidiary, ISA bridges the gap between standards and their implementation with the ISA
Security Compliance Institute ([Link]) and the ISA Wireless Compliance Institute
([Link]).

The
The follo
ollow
wing
ing se
serv
rved
ed as v
vot
otin
ing
g members
ers o
off ISA5 for
for this 2024 rev
revis
isio
ion
n of ISA-5.1
ISA-5.1::

NAME AFFILIATION

Thomas M
Thom McA
cAv
vinew
inew,, Chair Consultant
Ian Verhappen, Managing Director Willowglen Systems
ystems
J ames Fed
Feder
erle
lein
in,, ISA5.1 WG Chair Consultant
Yamei
Yam ei Chen
Chen Eli Lilly
Lilly
David Hobart Consultant
Michel R uel BBA

On behalf of the ISA Standards and Practices Board, we wish to recognize and thank Tom McAvinew for
his years of dedication and knowledge in leading the development and understanding of this widely used
ISA international standard.

Ian Verhappen
J im Fed
Feder
erle
lein
in
Charley Robinson

This
This stan
standa
dard
rd was app
approv
roved for publica
licattion
ion by the ISA Stan
Stand
dard
ards an
and
d Pra
Pract
ctic
ice
es Boa
Board
rd on 5 Apri
Aprill 2024:

NAME AFFILIATION

D. Lee, Chair UCDS

D. Brandl, Chair-Elect BR&L Consulting
D. Bartusiak Collaborative Systems Integration
P. Brett Honeywell
E. Cosman OIT Concepts
J. Federlein Federlein & Associates
S. Fluchs admeritia GmbH
J.-P. Hauet KB Intelligence
G. Lehmann NextEra Energy
T. McAvinew Consultant
V. Mezzano Fluor
C. Monchinski Automated Control Concepts
D. Reed Rockwell Automation
H. Sasajima FieldComm Group
I. Verhappen Willowglen Systems
D. Visnich Burns & McDonnell
W. Weidman Consultant
J. Weiss Applied Control Solutions

M. Zetterberg
D. Wilkins Yokogawa
Consultant

Copyright ©2024 ISA. All rights reserved.

 - 5- ANSI/ISA-5.1-2024

Contents

Introduct
Introduction
ion (inform
(informat
ative)
ive) ............................................
........................... ...................................
...................................
..................................
...................................
..............................
............ 7
1 Scope ........
.................
..................
...................
...................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
...................
...................
..................
..................
..................
..................
........... 9
1.1 General............................................................................................................................................. 9
1.2 Application
Application to
to industries
industries .................................
................ ...................................
...................................
...................................
...................................
.............................
............ 9

1.3 Application to
Application to work activit
activities
ies ..........................
............................................
...................................
..................................
...................................
..............................
............ 9
1.4 Application to classes of instrumentation and to instrument functions .......................................... 10
1.5 Extentt of loop and functional
Exten functional identificat
identification....................
ion.....................................
...................................
...................................
..............................
............. 11
1.6 Extentt of sym
Exten symbolizat
bolization
ion .................
..................................
...................................
...................................
...................................
...................................
...........................
.......... 11
11
1.7 Inclusion
Inclusio n and modification of this stand
s tandard
ard in us
user
er engineering and design documents
documents..........
..... .........
...... 12
2 Normat
Normative
ive references
references.................
..................................
...................................
...................................
...................................
...................................
.................................
................ 12
3 Term
Terms, defin
efinit
itio
ion
ns, and
and abb
abbrev
reviat
iated term
erms ....
......
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
.. 13
3.1 Definitions ...................................................................................................................................... 13
3.2 Abbreviations – for term
terms
s not otherw
otherwise
ise defined
defined..................................
................. ..................................
...................................
.........................
....... 20
4 Identificat
Identification
ion letter
letters
s ..........................
...........................................
...................................
...................................
...................................
...................................
...........................
.......... 20
20
4.1 Identificat
Identification
ion letters
letters table ........................................
....................... ...................................
...................................
...................................
...................................
................... 20
5 Graphic symbols
symbols ....................................
.................. ...................................
...................................
...................................
..................................
...................................
......................
.... 25
5.1 General........................................................................................................................................... 25
5.2 Tab
Tables
les to be use
sed
d for com
common appl
applic
icat
atio
ion
ns ....
......
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
.. 26
5.3 Instrum
Instrumentati
entation
on device
device and fun
function
ction symbols
symbols ................................
............... ...................................
...................................
..............................
............. 28
5.4 Measurement symbols ..................
...................................
...................................
...................................
...................................
...................................
...........................
.......... 32
32
5.5 Line symbols
symbols .................................
................ ..................................
...................................
...................................
..................................
...................................
............................
.......... 40
5.6 F inal contr
control
ol element
element sym
symbols .............................
............ ...................................
...................................
..................................
...................................
......................
.... 44
5.7 F unctional
unctional diagram
diagramm
ming sym
symbols
bols ..................
. ...................................
...................................
..................................
...................................
............................
.......... 52
5.8 Signal processing function
function block
block symbols
symbols ................................
.............. ...................................
..................................
...................................
.................... 54
5.9 Binary logic symbols ...................................................................................................................... 62

5.10 Electrical schemati

schematic
c symb
symbols
ols .........................
...........................................
...................................
..................................
...................................
............................
.......... 73
73
5.11 Instru
Instrum
ment loop diagram
diagrams........
s..........................
...................................
..................................
...................................
....................................
.................................
............... 78
6 Graphic symbol
symbol dimensions
dimensions.................................
................ ...................................
...................................
..................................
...................................
.........................
....... 79
79
6.1 Graphic symbols
symbols dimension
dimension tables
tables ..................................
................ ...................................
..................................
...................................
............................
.......... 79
79
6.2 Measurement unit
units
s..................
....................................
...................................
..................................
...................................
...................................
.................................
................ 80
6.3 Dimensions
Dimensions for graphic symbol
symbol tabl
tables
es ................................
.............. ...................................
..................................
...................................
.........................
....... 80
80
6.4 Dimensions
Dimensions for measurement symbols
symbols................
..................................
...................................
..................................
...................................
......................
.... 81
6.5 Dimensions for line symbols .......................................................................................................... 84
6.6 Dimensions
Dimensions for final control
control element
elements
s ....................................
.................. ...................................
..................................
...................................
......................
.... 85
85
6.7 Dimensions
Dimensions for functional
functional diagramm
diagramming symbols
symbols ...................................
.................. ..................................
...................................
......................
.... 87
6.8 Dimensions
Dimensions for binary
binary logic symbols
symbols...................................
................. ...................................
..................................
...................................
.........................
....... 88
6.9 Dimensions
Dimensions for electrical
electrical schem
schemat
atic
ic symbols
symbols ........................
...... ...................................
...................................
...................................
.....................
.... 89
89

Copyright ©2024 ISA. All rights reserved.

ANSI/ISA-5.
ANSI/IS A-5.1-2
1-202
024
4 - 6-

7 References ........................................................................................................................................ 91
7.1 ISA publications ............................................................................................................................. 91
7.2 Other relate
related
d informati
information
on .................
..................................
...................................
...................................
...................................
...................................
........................
....... 91
91
Annex A – S umm
ummary of changes to previous
previous 2022
2022 revision ...........................................
.......................... ...................................
............................
.......... 93

Tables
Table
Table 1 – IIdent
dentificat
ification
ion letter
letters
s .......................
........................................
...................................
...................................
...................................
...................................
........................
....... 21
Table
Table 2 – Instrum
Instrumentati
entation
on device
device and function
function sym
symbols
bols ..............................................
............................. ...................................
...............................
............. 28
Table
Table 3 – Instrum
Instrumentati
entation
on device
device or fun
function
ction symbols,
symbols, miscellaneous
iscellaneous ................................................
............................... ........................
....... 29
Table
Table 4 – Measurement symbols:
symbols: P
Prima
rimary
ry elem
elements
ents and transmit
transmitters
ters....
.........
.........
.........
.........
.........
.........
.........
..........
.........
.........
.........
...... 32
Table
Table 5 – Measurement
Measurement symbols:
symbols: Measurement
Measurement notations
notations .................................
................ ..................................
...................................
......................
.... 33
Table
Table 6 – Measurement
Measurement symbols:
symbols: P rimary
rimary element
elements
s ..............................................
............................. ...................................
...................................
................... 3
34
4
Table
Table 7 – Measurement
Measurement symbols:
symbols: Secondary
econdary instrument
ents
s ........................................
...................... ...................................
.................................
................ 37
Table
Table 8 – Measurement
Measurement symbols:
symbols: Auxi
A uxiliary
liary and accessory devices ...................
.. ..................................
...................................
......................
.... 38
Table
Table 9 – Line symbols: Instrument to process and equipment connections ............................................. 40
Table
Table 10 – Line symbols:
symbols: Instrument-to-inst
ent-to-instrum
rument
ent connections
connections ................................
............... ...................................
...............................
............. 41
Table
Table 11 – F
Final
inal cont
control
rol element
element sym
symbols ..............................
............. ..................................
...................................
...................................
.................................
................ 44
44
Table
Table 12 – F
Final
inal control
control element
element actuat
actuator
or sym
s ymbols
bols .............
...............................
...................................
..................................
...................................
.................... 46
Table
Table 13 – Self-actuat
elf-actuated
ed final control element
element sym
symbol
bol ...........................................
.......................... ...................................
...................................
................... 49
Table
Table 14 – Cont
ontrol
rol valve failure
failure and de-energized
de-energized position indica
indication
tions
s ..................................
................. ...................................
.................... 51
Table
Table 15 – F unct
unctional
ional diagram
diagramming symbols
symbols ........
.........................
..................................
...................................
...................................
.................................
................ 52
Table
Table 16 – S
Signa
ignall processing function
function block symbols
symbols ...................................
.................. ...................................
...................................
...........................
.......... 54
Table
Table 17 – Binary logic symbols ................................................................................................................. 62
Table
Table 18 – E
Elect
lectrical
rical schemat
schematic
ic symbols
symbols ............................................
.......................... ...................................
..................................
...................................
......................
.... 73
Table
Table 19 – Instrument loop diagram symbols .............................................
............................ ...................................
...................................
..............................
............. 78
Table
Table 20 – Dimensions for Tables 2 and 3 ................................................................................................. 80
Table
Table 21 – Dime
Dimensions
nsions for Tables 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 .................................
................ ...................................
...................................
.................................
................ 82
Table
Table 22 – Dimensions for Tables 9 and 10 ............................................................................................... 84
Table
Table 23 – Dimen
Dimensions
sions for T
Table
ables
s 11, 12, 13,
13, and 14 ..................................................
................................ ...................................
..............................
............. 86
Table
Table 24 – Dimensions for Table 15 ........................................................................................................... 87
Table
Table 25 – Dimensions for Table 17 ........................................................................................................... 88
Table
Table 26 – Dimensions for Table 18 ........................................................................................................... 90

Copyright ©2024 ISA. All rights reserved.

 - 7- ANSI/IS
ANS I/ISA-5.1-2
A-5.1-202
024
4

Introduction (informative)

General
This introd
introduct
uction
ion is inclu
included
ded for inform
informat
ation
ion only
only and is not a normnormativ
ative
e section
section of
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2024. It is highly recommended that users compare the changes listed in Annex A
against the 2022 revision of this standard to fully understand the exact changes made.

When integrated into a system, the designations of mandatory and nonmandatory symbols and
identification form a dedicated language that communicates concepts, facts, intent, instructions,
and knowledge about measurement and control systems that can be applied as appropriate in all
industries. Consistency is the one criterion that should govern the selection and application of
identification
identification systems and graphic symb
symbols.
ols.

The sym
symbols
bols and ident
identifi
ificat
cation
ion method
ethodss set forth
forth in this
this st
stan
andar
dard
d are
are int
intend
ended
ed a
as
s concept
conceptual
ualizin
izing
g
aids, as design tools, as teaching devices,
devices, and as a concise and specific
s pecific means
means of comm
c ommunication
unication
in all types and kinds of technical, engineering, procurement, construction, and maintenance
documents. This includes but is not restricted to instrumentation and control on piping and
instrumentat
instrum entation
ion diagrams (P &IDs),
&IDs) , funct
functional
ional diagrams,
diagrams, binary logic diagrams, electrical
schematics, and loop diagrams.

The IS
ISA5.1
A5.1 Working
Working G roup
roup great
greatly
ly apprec
appreciat
iates
es and
and respect
respects
s the
the work
work comple
complete
ted
d by the past
ISA5.1, ISA5.2, ISA5.3, and ISA77.40 Subcommittees/Working Groups and has tried to treat their
work with the great respect it deserves.

Background of 2024 revision

This revision
revision chang
changeses the title to “Instrumentation and Control Symbols and Identification” to
emphasize that symbols for control are also included. This revision is published with significant
changes to improve the readability of the document by organizing notes with corresponding tables,
by providing definition consistency and clarification, by eliminating redundant text, by adding new
symbols, notation, and identification for new automation technology, by adding new sections for
Normative
Normat ive Reference,
R eference, Abbreviation, and Bibliograph
B ibliography,
y, and by adding a Loop
L oop Instrum
I nstrument
ent Diagrams
Diagrams
Symbol Table.

This revision moves Annex A and Annex B from the 2022 revision into separate technical
reports for easier maintenance and to reduce the size of the standard. The new technical
reports are ISA-TR5.1.02, Instrumentation and Control Identification System G uidelines, and
ISA-TR5.1.03, Instrumentation and Control Graphic Symbols Guidelines. Users are
encouraged to read and utilize these TRs together with the standard.

Historical background
The symbol
symbolss and
and ident
identifi
ificat
cation
ion syst
system
ems
s describ
described
ed in this
this stand
standard
ard accomm
accommodat
odate adva
advance
nces
s in
technology and reflect the collective industrial experience gained since the original ISA
R ecommended
ecommended Practice
Pr actice RP -5.1, published in 1949, was revised, affirmed,
affirmed, and subsequent
subsequently
ly
published as ANSI/ISA-5.1-1984. The 1949 recommended practice and the 1984 standard were
published
publishe d as nonmandatory
nonmandatory rather than
than as mandatory
mandatory consensus
cons ensus documents.
do cuments.

The 1992
1992 revision
revision was
was publi
published
shed as a con
consensu
sensus
s stand
standard
ard.. Function
Function block
block and
and fu
funct
nction
ion
designation of SAMA PMC 22.1- 1981, “Functional Diagramming of Instrument and Control
Systems,” were incorporated. Key elements of ISA-5.3-1983, Graphic Symbols for Distributed
Control/Shared Display Instrumentation, Logic and Computer Systems were incorporated.

The 200
2009
9 rev
revision
ision wa
was
s pu
publi
blished
shed as a consensu
consensus
s st
stand
andard
ard and contain
contains
s both
both man
mandat
datory
ory an
and
d non-
non-
mandatory statements that have been reviewed and approved by a large group of practitioners in

the field of
“Graphic instrumentation
symbol guidelines”and control. Nonmandatory
(Informative), examples
to provide some limited were movedintothe
assistance a new Annex or
application B,

Copyright ©2024 ISA. All rights reserved.

ANSI/IS
ANS I/ISA-5.1-2
A-5.1-202
024
4 - 8-

removed for inclusion into future technical reports to provide special practices and requirements
of particular interest groups and/or specific industries. The 2009 revision was published with
significant changes as technological advancement resulted in the evolution from a hardware
(instrument) centric standard to a hardware/software (automation) centric standard. Key elements
of ISA-5.2-1976, Binary Logic Diagrams for Process Operations, were incorporated. Binary logic
symbol
sym bols
s of SAMA
S AMA P MC 22.1-
22.1-1981, “Functional Diagramming of Instrument and Control Systems,”
were incorporated. Graphic symbol dimension tables were incorporated to establish minimum
mandatory dimensions for the symbols.

The 2022
2022 rev
revision
ision of ISA-5.1
IS A-5.1 was
was publi
published
shed as an int
interi
erim
m revision
revision wit
ith
h only
only kn
know
own
n usage
usage
clarifications and to correct technical
technical and typographical
typographical errors so that the ISA5IS A5 S tandards
tandards
C ommitt
ommitteeee could
co uld begin a new revision of this widely used international
international standard.
standard.

For a summary of the changes made to ISA-5.1-2022 in this revision, refer to Annex A.

ISA-TR5.1.01/ISA-TR77.40.01, Functional Diagram Usage, issued in 2012 and reaffirmed in 2016,

was published as the first joint technical report under the ISA5 and ISA77 Committees. The
purpose of this technical report is to provide advice and guidance in documenting application
software through functional diagrams by expanding on and illustrating usage of function block
symbols and functions and to prepare examples in development of complex function block symbols
and functions.

Copyright ©2024 ISA. All rights reserved.

 - 9- ANSI/IS
ANS I/ISA-5.1-2
A-5.1-202
024
4

1 Scope

This stand
standard
ard establ
establishe
ishes
s a unifo
uniform
rm means
eans of depict
depicting
ing and
and ident
identif
ifyin
ying
g in
instr
strum
umen
entts or devi
devices
ces and
and
their inherent functions, instrumentation systems and functions, and application software functions
used for measurement, monitoring, and control, by presenting a designation system that includes
identification
ident ification schemes and graphic sym
s ymbols.
bols.

1.1 General
1.1.1 This standa
s tandard
rd is intended
intended to
to meet
meet the
the diffe
different
rent procedures of various users who need to
identify and graphically depict measurement and control equipment and systems. These
differences are recognized when they are consistent with the objectives of this standard, by
providing alternative symbols and identification methods.

1.1.2 This
Thi s document provides graphic symbols for representations
repres entations of the instrumentation
instrumentation and
control functions required for process or equipment measurement, indication, and control of
variables used in any of the following applications.

a) Instrum
Ins trumentation
entation and control diagrams
diagrams,, which illustrate
illus trate and identify instruments and
related devices and their inherent functions, instrumentation systems and functions,
and application software functions used for measurement, monitoring, and control.
These illu
illustr
strat
ation
ions
s can appea
appearr a
as
s part
part of process
process flow
flow diagr
diagram
amss (P FDs) and pip
piping
ing
and instrumentat
instrumentationion diagram
diagrams s (P &IDs), which include process equipment equipment,,
mechanical equipment, and piping information.
b) F unctional
unctional diagrams,
diagrams, which depict application software functions
functions (analog and
binary signal processing) for implementation into the selected control systems.
c) Binary logic diagram
diagrams,
s, which depict interlocking
interlocking and stepwise logic programm
programming.
d) E lectrical schematics,
schematics, which depict electrical circuitry for on-off
on- off control. T hese
include ladder diagrams.
diagrams.
e) Ins
Instrum
trument
ent loop diagrams, which depict a composite
compos ite representation
repres entation of instrument
loop information, containing associated electrical, piping, and process equipment
connections as well as other pertinent information, including ranges, alarms, and
device configuration settings.
settings.
1.1.3 E xamples
xamples of identificat
identification
ion and symb
symbol
ol applicat
applications
ions are available in associated
ass ociated technical
technical
reports ISA-TR5.1.02, Instrumentation and Control Identification System Guidelines and

ISA-TR5.1.03,
illustrate
illustrate basic Instrumentation
bas ic concept
co ncepts and ControlofGraphic
s in the construction Symbols systems
the identification systems and and
Guidelines aresintended
diagrams
diagram to
covered by
this standard that
that are applicable to all industries.

1.2 Application to industries

1.2.1 This stand
s tandard
ard is suitable for use in chemical,
chemical, petroleum,
petroleum, power generat
generation,
ion, metal
metal refining,
pulp and paper, and numerous other continuous, batch, and material-handling industries. These
industries and others require the use of some or all of the diagrams listed in 1.1.2 to describe the
relationship between processing equipment and the functionality of measurement and control
equipment.

1.3 Application to work activities

1.3.1 This standard is suitable for use when whenever
ever referen
reference
ce to measurem
measurement
ent and control
instrumentation, control devices and functions, and application software and functions is required
for identification and symbolization, such as:

a) design sketches;

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b) teaching examples;
c) techn
technical
ical papers, literat
literature,
ure, and discuss
discussions
ions;;
d) instrumentat
instrumentation,
ion, loop, logic, and functi
functional
onal diagrams
diagrams ;
e) function
function descriptions;
f) conceptual
conce ptual drawings including,
including , but not limited to:

1) P FDs; and
2) utility
utility flow diagram
diagrams
s (UF Ds).
g) construction
cons truction drawings including,
including , but not limited to:
1) engineering flow diagram
diagrams
s (EF
(E F Ds);
2) mechanical flow diagram
diagrams
s (MF Ds);
3) P &IDs; and
4) system flow diagram
diagrams
s (S
(SFF Ds).
h) specifications, purchase orders, manifests,
manifests, and other lists;
lists ;
i) identification and tag numbering of instruments and control functions;
functions ; and
j) insta
installa
llattion, ope
operat
rating
ing and maint
aintenance
enance in
instr
struct
uction
ions,
s, draw
drawing
ings,
s, and
and recor
records.
ds.
1.3.2 This stand
s tandard
ard provides
provides sufficient in
inform
formation
ation to enable
enable anyone who has
has a reasonable
amount of process and instrumentation knowledge, and who is reviewing documents depicting
measurement and control, to understand
unders tand tthe
he means and purpose ofo f the instrumentatio
instrumentationn and
controls shown.

1.3.3 The detailed knowledge

knowledge of a specialis
spec ialistt in instrum
instrumentation
entation and/or control systems is not a
prerequisite
prerequisite to understanding
understanding this s
stand
tandard.
ard.

1.4 Application to classes of instrumentation and to instrument functions

1.4.1 The identification and symbolism
symbolis m methods
methods provided in this standard are applicable to
to all
classes
class es and types
types of
o f measurement
measurement and control instrument
instruments
s and/or functions.

1.4.2 The methods

methods can be used for, but are not limited to, describing and identifying:

a) standalone instruments and their functions;

functions ;
b) shared display and shared control funct
functions
ions;;
c) higher level control function
functions
s ; and
d) application
application software display and control functions.
functions.
1.4.3 Classification
Cl assification of instrumenta
instrumentation:
tion:

1.4.4 Instrumenta
Instrumentation
tion can be classified
class ified as primary,
primary, secondary, auxiliary, or accessory
access ory for
assigning loop and functional identities and symbols. Also, refer to Clause 3 in ISA-TR5.1.02.

1.4.5 P rimary
rimary instrum
instrumenta
entation
tion consists of measuring, m monitoring
onitoring,, controlling, or calculating
devices and hardware and their inherent functions and application software functions that include,
but are not limited
limited to, transmitters,
transmitters, recorders, controllers, control
c ontrol valves, self-
s elf-actuat
actuated
ed safety and
control devices, and application software functions that require or allow user-assigned
identifications.

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4

1.4.6 S econdary instrumentat

instrumentation
ion consists of mmeasuring,
easuring, monitoring,
monitoring, or controlling
controlling devices
devices and
hardware that include, but are not limited to, level glasses, pressure gauges, thermometers, and
pressure regulators.

1.4.7 Auxiliary instrum

instrumenta
entation
tion consists of devices and hard
hardware
ware that
that measure,
measure, control, or
calculate and that are needed for effective operation of primary or secondary instrumentation; they
include, but are not limited to, calculating devices, purge meters, sample handling systems, and
instrument
instrum ent air sets.
s ets.

1.4.8 Accessory
Acces sory instrumentat
instrumentationion consists of devices
devices and hardware
hardware that do not measure or control
control
but are needed for effective operation of the measuring, monitoring, or control system; they
include, but are not limited
limited to, flowmeter
flowmeter tube run, straightening vanes, and seal pots
pots..

1.5 Extent of loop and functional identification

1.5.1 This stand
s tandard
ard and IS A-A-TR
TR 5.1.02 provide
provide identifi
identification
cation codes and method
methods s for the
the
alphanumeric identification of monitoring and controlling loops, instruments, and functions.

1.5.2 These
The se identification methods
methods depend on tagging according
accor ding to function and not according
accor ding
to construction
construction or form. F or example,
example, a differential pressure transmitt
transmitter
er is identified
identified as a:
a:

a) flow transmitt
transmitter
er when connec
connected
ted to an orific
orificee plate to measure flow;
b) level transmitt
transmitter
er when connec
connected
ted to the si
side
de of a vessel
vess el to measure liquid level; or

c) press
pressure
ure differential transmitter
difference. transmitter when connected
connec ted across
acros s a filter to measure pressure
press ure

1.5.3 The user is free to apply added identification by serial,

seri al, equipment,
equipment, unit, area, or plant
number,
numb er, or any other additional means required for the unique identification of a loop, instrument,
or function.

1.5.4 A unique function identification number

number shall
shal l be assigned
ass igned to identify each:

a) loop instrument or device and its integral and/or inherent functions ; and
b) loop-configurable function, which requires or allows a unique user-assigned
microprocessor or computer address.
1.6 Extent of symbolization
1.6.1 This standa
s tandard
rd provides sym
symbol
bol sets for the gr
graphic
aphic depiction
depiction of a limited
limited or total
total
functionality of instrument
functionality instruments
s and devices, entire monitor
monitor or control loops, or control circuits.
c ircuits.
1.6.2 The amount of detail to to be sho
shown
wn by the use of symbols depends on tthe he purpose and
audience for which the document is being prepared.

1.6.3 S ufficient symbols

symbols shall
shal l bebe used
used to show
sho w the functionality of the
the instrumentation
instrumentation and/or
control loop being depicted. It
I t is not considered
co nsidered necessary
necess ary to provide a symbol for each instrument
instrument
device and each function required by a loop.

1.6.4 Additional construction, fabrication,

fabrication, installation,
installation, and operation
operation details
details of an instrum
instrument
ent are
better
better described
desc ribed in a suitable specification, data sheet, installation/wiring
installation/wiring drawing, sketch, or other
document intended for those requiring such details rather than the drawings covered in this
standard.

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1.7 Inclusion and modification of this standard in user engineering and design
documents
1.7.1 This stand
s tandard
ard can b
bee used and,
and, if used,
used, shall be credit
credited
ed by a user/owner in the
the preparation
preparation
of engineering, design, or project standards, guidelines, specifications, and other documents,
either without exception or with exception per the following:

a) without exception, in which case

cas e this standard in its entirety shall
shal l be mandatory
mandatory
with respect to:
1) letters
letters assigned
ass igned a specific meaning in Table 1;
2) symbols
symbols and their assigned
ass igned meanings in Tables 2 through
through 19; and
3) symbol
symbol dim
dimensions
ensions in T ables 20 through
through 26.
b) with
with except
exceptions,
ions, in
in which case the parts
parts of this standard for which exception
exception is:
1) taken shall
shal l be fully desc
described
ribed and detailed in the user/owner
user/ owner’s standards,
guidelines, or specifications and in drawing cover sheet legends
legends and notes;
notes ;
and
2) not taken shall
sha ll be mandat
mandatory.
ory.
1.7.2 S ymbols
ymbols different from those given in this standard and user’s choice letters when used,
shall be fully described, and detailed in the user/owner’s standards, guidelines, or specifications
and in drawing cover sheet legends and notes.

1.7.3 A user shall choose

choos e a numb
numbering
ering schem
scheme,
e, graphic
graphic symbol,
symbol, and other
other options where
required, and document those choices.

1.7.4 When a previous

previous issue of this standard is included by reference with
with or without
without exception
exception
in the user/owner’s engineering and design standards, guidelines, or specifications, that issue, in
part or in its entirety, shall be mandatory until such time as the user/owner’s guidelines or
standards are revised.

1.7.5 S ymbols
ymbols and the
the meanings
meanings of let
letters
ters and symbols
symbols from p previous
revious versions of this
this standard
that are different from those contained in this version can continue to be used provided they are
clearly referenced in the user’s engineering and design standards, practices, and/or guidelines.

2 Normative references
2.1.1 The following
follo wing documents, in whole or in part,
part, are normatively referenced
referenc ed in this document
and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments)
applies.

ISA-5.4, Instrument Loop Diagrams

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3 Terms, definitions, and abbreviated terms

3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of this standard, the following definitions apply. Applicable abbreviations are
included. For additional information, see ISA-TR77.00.01-2019, Fossil Fuel Power Plant
Definitions and Basic Control Concepts. Terms italicized in a definition are themselves defined
elsewhere in this clause.

311
accessible
feature of a device or function, or a feature of an interactive shared system function, that can be
used or seen by an operator for the purpose of performing control operations, such as setpoint
changes, auto-manual transfer, or on-off operations

312
alarm
indicating device or function that provides a visible and/or audible indication if and when the value
of a measured or initiating variable is outside of set limits, has changed from a safe to an unsafe
condition, or has changed from a normal to an abnormal operating state or condition
Note 1 to entry: Actuation can be by a discrete or analog signal or function.
Note 2 to entry: Indication can be by any or all the following: annunciator panels , flashing lights, printers, buzzers, bells,
horns, sirens, or shared graphic display systems.

313
analog signal
signal representing a variable that can be continuously observed and continuously represented

314
application software
software specific to a user application that is configurable and in general contains logic sequences,
interlocks and limit expressions, control algorithms, and other code required to control the process
using the appropriate inputs, outputs, calculations, and decisions

315
basic process control system
BPCS
instrumentation and systems that are installed to monitor and control normal production operations
using, but not limited to, combinations of single-loop pneumatic and electronic monitors and
controllers, programmable logic controllers and distributed control systems
Note 1 to entry:
entry: A BP CS is necess ary to operate a plant or process.
Note 2 to entry: The BPCS can take the form of a DCS, PLC, SCADA, PC, etc. (See 3.2 for abbreviations.)

316
behind the panel
location that in a broad sense means “not normally accessible to an operator ,” such as the rear of
an instrument or control panel, an enclosed instrument rack or cabinet, or an instrument rack room
within an area that contains a panel

317
binary logic
programming based on two-state or Boolean logic

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318
binary signal
signal that has only two individual positions or states, and when used in its simplest form, the term
denotes an “on-off” or “high-low” state

319
bubble
balloon

circle-based
that symbols
can contain a tag (Table
number2) used to denote and identify the purpose of an instrument or function

3 1 10
communication link
data link
wire, cable, or electromagnetic network or bus system that connects dedicated microprocessor-
based systems so that they share a common database and communicate according to a rigid
protocol in a hierarchical and/or peer-to-peer relationship
Note 1 to entry: Wire or cable networks can be twisted pair, coaxial, telephone, or fiber optic.
Note 2 to entry: Electromagnet
Electromagnetic
ic networks can be radio or
o r microwave.

3 1 11
computing device
computing relay
device that performs one or more calculations or logic operations, or both, and transmits one or
more resultant output signals

3 1 12
configurable
devices or systems whose functional and/or communication characteristics can be selected or
rearranged through the setting of program switches, application software , fill-in-the-blank forms,
pull-down menus, entered values or text, and/or other methods, other than rewiring/reprogramming
as a means of altering the configuration

3 1 13
controller
device that operates automatically to regulate a controlled variable

3 1 14
control valve
device, other than a common, hand-actuated process block valve or self-actuated check valve,
that directly manipulates the flow of one or more fluid process streams
Note 1 to entry: The designation “ hand control valve” is limited to hand-actuated valves that when used for process
throttling require identification as an instrument or control device.

3 1 15
controlled variable
quantity, property, or condition that is measured and controlled
Note 1 to entry: Controlled variables are a subset of measured variables.

3 1 16
converter
device that receives information as one form of an instrument signal and transmits an output signal
as another form, such as a current-to-pneumatic signal converter
Note 1 to entry: An instrument that changes a sensor’s output to a standard signal is properly desi gnated as a transmitter,
not a converter; typical
typically,
ly, a temperature
temperature element (TE ) connects to a transmitter (TT),
(TT ), not to a converter (TY
(T Y ).

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Note 2 to entry: A converter is sometimes referred to as a transducer, a completely general term not recommended for
signal conver
conversion.
sion.

3 1 17
detector
device that is used to detect the presence of something, such as flammable or toxic gases or
individual parts; see also primary element and sensor

3 1 18
device
piece of instrument hardware that is designed to perform a specific action or function, such as a
controller, indicator, transmitter, annunciator, or control valve

3 1 19
digital communication
signal that consists of binary digits transmitted to represent analog values or other information

3 1 20
discrete signal
signal that has any number of noncontinuous distinct or defined states or positions, but most
typically having two distinct states

3 1 21
final control element
device control valve
control,loop
such as a , that directly controls the value of the manipulated variable of a

3 1 22
function
purpose of, or the action performed by, a device or application software

3 1 23
hardware
physical equipment directly involved in performing measuring, monitoring, and controlling
controlling functions

3 1 24
higher level control system
HLCS
system
sys tem that provides sophis
s ophistication
tication above tthat
hat of the
the BPC
BP C S , with functions typically based in
hardware
hardw are and software
software outside
outside of the BP C S
Note 1 to entry: Control functions in the HLCS include, but are not limited to, statistical process control and model
predictive control.
Note 2 to entry: A HLCS is not necessary to operate a plant or process.

3 1 25
identification
sequence of letters or numerals, or both, used to designate an individual instrument , function , or
loop

3 1 26
initiating variable
quantity, property, or condition that is not measured or calculated but serves as the measured
variable of a loop, a change of which initiates loop action
Note 1 to entry: For example, “hand ,” as in push button or switch, is an initiating variable.

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3 1 27
instrument
device used for direct or indirect measurement , monitor ing, and/or control of a process variable ,
including primary element s, indicators, controllers , final control element s, computing devices, and
electrical devices such as annunciators, switches, and push buttons
Note 1 to entry: The term does not apply to a device’s internal components or parts, such as receiver bellows or resistors.

3 1 28
instrument, field
instrument, local
instrument that is not mounted on a panel or console or in a control room but commonly in the
vicinity of its primary element or final control element

3 1 29
instrument, standalone
device or hardware that is a separate entity, such as a single-case controller or recorder

3 1 30
instrumentation
collection of instruments, devices, hardware, or functions or their application for the purpose of
measuring, monitoring, or controlling an industrial process, or any combination of these

3 1 31

interlock
device or group of devices (hardware) or function or group of functions (application software)
arranged to sense a limit or off-limit condition, or improper sequence of events and take a desired
action
3 1 32
light, pilot
light, status
light that indicates which of one or more normal conditions of a system or device exists
Note 1 to entry: It is not an alarm light, which indicates an abnormal condition.

3 1 33
local panel
panel that is not a central or main panel and is commonly
commonly located
loc ated in the vicinity of plant subsystem
subsys tems
s
or subareas

Note 1 to entry: The term “local panel instrument” should not be confused with “local instrument.”

3 1 34
loop
instrumentation arranged as a combination of two or more instruments or functions so that signals
pass from one to another for the purpose of measurement and indication or control of a process
variable

Note 1 to entry: Term includes a self-contained device that measures and controls a process variable.

3 1 35
loop identification number
unique combination of letters and numbers that are assigned to each monitoring and control loop
in a facility to identify the process variable that is being monitored or controlled

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3 1 36
manipulated variable
quantity or condition that is varied by a controller’s output to change the value of the controlled
variable

3 1 37
measured variable
quantity, property, or condition that is measured or calculated
Note 1 to entry: Measured variables are a subset of process variables.

3 1 38
measurement
determination of the existence and/or magnitude of a process variable

3 1 39
monitor (noun)
instrument or device used for indicating or recording of a process variable or quantity

3 1 40
monitor (verb)
to measure or sense the status or magnitude of one or more variables for the purpose of deriving
useful information, and that sometimes means analyzer, indicator, or alarm

3 1 41
owner
company that
that operates or owns the production facilities
fac ilities where the instrumentation and co
control
ntrol
system is or will be installed

3 1 42
panel
freestanding or built-in structure consisting of one or more sections, cubicles, consoles, or desks
that has groups of instrument hardware mounted on it, houses the operator-process interface, and
is given a unique designation

3 1 43
primary element
external or internal instrument or system element that quantitatively converts the measured
variable into a form suitable for measurement ; see also detector and sensor

Note 1 to entry: An orifice plate is an external primary element.

Note 2 to entry: The sensor of a pressure transmitter is an internal primary element.

3 1 44
process
any operation or sequence of operations involving a change of energy, state, composition,
dimension, or other properties, e.g., change in pressure, temperature, speed, electrical potential
Note 1 to entry: A process can be small or large in scale, e.g. a water heater or a refinery.

3 1 45
process variable
any property of a process; used in this standard to apply to all variable properties of the process
and includes measured variables and controlled variables

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3 1 46
program
repeatable sequence of actions that defines the state of outputs as a relationship to the state of
inputs

3 1 47
relay
device, whose function is to pass on information in an unchanged form or in some modified form

Note 1 to entry: Relay is a term applied specifically to an electric, pneumatic, or hydraulic switching device that is
actuated by a signal, and to functions performed by a relay.

3 1 48
safety instrumented system
SIS
system composed of sensor s, logic solvers, and final control element s for the purpose of taking
the process to a safe state when predetermined conditions are violated

3 1 49
scan
to sample, in a predetermined manner, each of several variables periodically or intermittently
Note 1 to entry: A scanning device is often used to ascertain the state or value of a group of variables and can be
associated with other functions such as recording and alarming.

3 1 50
sensor
separate or integral part or function of a loop or an instrument that first senses the value of a
process variable , that assumes a corresponding predetermined and intelligible state, and/or
generates an output signal indicative of or proportional to the process variable ; see also detector
and primary element

3 1 51
setpoint
input variable that sets the desired value of the controlled variable manually, automatically, or by
means of a program in the same units as the controlled variable

3 1 52
shared control
feature of a control device or function that contains several preprogrammed algorithms, which are
user retrievable, configurable , and connectable, and allows user-defined control strategies or
functions to be implemented
Note 1 to entry: Term often used to describe the control features of a distributed control system, programmable logic
controller, or other processor-based system.
Note 2 to entry: Control of multiple process variables can be implemented by sharing the capabilities of a single device
of this kind.

3 1 53
shared display
operator interface device, a video, light-emitting diode, liquid crystal, or other display unit, used to
display process control information from several sources at the command of the operator
Note 1 to entry: Term often used to describe the visual features of a distributed control system, programmable logic
controller, or other processor-based system.

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3 1 54
station, auto-manual
station, control
device or function that provides switching between manual and automatic control modes of a
control loop

3 1 55
station, manual loading
device or function
and/or other thatthat
functions, hasisa used
manually adjustable
to actuate and/oroutput, andone
modulate canoralso
morehave indicators,
devices lights,
but does not
provide switching between auto-manual modes of a control loop

3 1 56
switch
device that connects,
connects, disconnects, selects,
s elects, or transfers one or more circuits and is not designated
designated
as a controller , a relay , or a control valve ; the term is also applied to the functions performed by
switches

3 1 57
tag number
unique combination of letters and numbers that are formed by adding letters to the loop
identification number to define the purpose of each loop device and/or function that comprises a
monitoring or control loop

Note 1 to entry: Synonymous terms include: instrument identification, instrument identification number, instrument tag
number, instrument number, and tag name.

3 1 58
test point
process connection to which no instrument is permanently connected, but which is intended for
the temporary or intermittent connection of an instrument

3 1 59
transducer
device, which can be a primary element , transmitter , relay , converter, or other device, that receives
information in the form of one or more physical quantities, modifies the information or its form, or
both if required, and produces a resultant output signal

3 1 60
transmitter
device that senses a process variable through the medium of a sensor or measuring element and
has an output whose steady-state value varies only as a predetermined function of the process
variable

Note 1 to entry: The sensor can be an integral part, as in a direct-connected pressure transmitter, or a separate part, as
in a thermocouple.

3 1 61
user
entity that applies this standard for their company, or on behalf of their customer/client.
Note 1 to entry: Examples include engineering/consulting firms, operating process companies, manufacturing
companies, etc.

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3.2 Abbreviations – for terms not otherwise defined

DCS
DC S distributed
distributed control system

PC personal computer
computer

PFD process
process flow diag
diagram
ram

P &ID piping (or process) and instrum

instrument
ent diagram

P LC programm
programmable logic controller

S C ADA supervisory control and data acquisition

4 Identification letters

4.1 Identification letters table

4.1.1 This
Thi s subclaus
subclausee provides in tabular form and accom
acco mpanying notes the alphabetic building
blocks of the instrument
instrument and function
function identification
identification system
sys tem in a concis
concise,
e, easily
eas ily referenced manner.
manner.

4.1.2 Table
Ta ble 1, together with 4.1.5,
4.1. 5, defines and explains the meanings of the individual letters
when used to identify loop and device functions.

4.1.3 The letters

letters in Table 1 shall
s hall have
have the mandat
mandatory
ory m
meanings
eanings assigned except the user
user shall
assign:

a) variables to the user’s choice letters in column 1 and functions to the user’s choice
letters in columns 3, 4, and 5 when such letters are used; and
b) meanings toto the blanks in column
col umns
s 2, 3, 4, and 5 when additional functions or
modifiers are assigned.
4.1.4 When such
suc h ass
assignment
ignments
s are made, they shall
sha ll be documented in the user’s engineering and
design standards or guidelines and on drawing legend sheets.

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Table 1 – Identification letters

NOTE Numbers in parentheses refer to the explanatory notes in 4.1.5.

First letters (1) Succeeding letters (13)

Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 5

Measured/initiating Variable Readout/passive Output/active Function

variable modifier (10) function function modifier

A Analysis (2)(3)(4) Alarm

B Burner, Combustion (2) User’s Choice (5) User’s Choice (5) User’s Choice (5)

C User’s Choice (3a)(5) Control (21a)(21e) Close (25b)

D User’s Choice (3a)(5) Difference, Differential Deviation (26)

E Voltage (2) Sensor, Primary Element

F Flow, Flow Rate (2) Ratio

Glass, Gauge, Viewing

G User’s Choice
Device (14)

H Hand (2) High (25a)( 26a)(27)

I Current (2) Indicate (15)

J Power (2) Scan (16)

K Time, Schedule (2) Time Rate of Change (11) Control Station (22)

L Level (2) Light (17) Low (25b)( 26)(27)

Middle, Intermediate
M User’s Choice (3a)(5) (25c)(26)(27)

N User’s Choice (5) User’s Choice (5) User’s Choice (5) User’s Choice (5)

O User’s Choice (5) Orifice, Restriction Open (25a)

P Pressure (2) Point (Test Connection)

Q Quantity (2) Integrate, Totalize Integrate, Totalize

R Radiation (2) Record (18) Run

S Speed, Frequency (2) Safety (12) Switch (21b) Stop

T Temperature (2) Transmit

U Multivariable (2)(6) Multifunction (19) Multifunction (19)

Vibration, Mechanical Valve, Damper, Louver

V
Analysis (2)(4)(7) (21c)(21e)

W Weight, Force (2) Well, Probe

Accessory Devices (20),

X On/Off or Unclassified (8) X-axis Unclassified (8) Unclassified (8)
Unclassified (8)
Auxiliary Devices
Y Event, State, Presence (2)(9) Y-axis
(21d)( 23)( 24)

Z-axis, Safety Instrumented Driver, Actuator, Unclassified

Z Position, Dimension (2)
System (28) final control element

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4.1.5 Notes for T able 1 – Ident

I dentification
ification lett
letters:
ers:

The follow
following
ing notes,
notes, indica
indicate
ted
d in Table 1 by paren
parenth
theses,
eses, are to be used as an aid in under
understa
stand
ndin
ingg
the meanings
meanings ofo f the letters when tthey
hey are used in certain positions in loop identification
identific ation letter(s)
or functional identifications.
identifications.

(1) F irst
irs t letters are a meas
easured/initiating
ured/initiating variable and, if required, a combination of a
measured/initiating variable and a variable modifier that shall be referred to by the
combined meaning.
(2) The specific meanings
meanings given for measured/initiat
easured/initiating
ing variables [A], [B], [E], [F], [H], [I], [J ],
[K], [L], [P], [Q], [R],
[R ], [S], [T], [U], [V], [W],
[W], [Y
[Y],
], and [Z]
[Z] shall not be modified.
modified.

(3) Measured/initiating
Measured/initiating variable analysis [A] shall be used for all types
types of process stream
composition and physical property analysis. The type of analyzer, and for stream
component analyzers the components of interest, shall be defined outside the tagging
bubble.

(a) “User’s choice” measured/initiating variables [C], [D], and [M] can be assigned to
identify conductivity, density, and moisture analysis, respectively, when it is the
user’s common practice.

(4) Meas
Measured/initiating
ured/initiating variable analysis [A]
[A] shal
shalll not be used to identify vibration or other

types of mechanic
variable m echanical
vibrat
vibration al or
ion or machinery
machineryanalysis
mechanical analysis,
analys is, which shall
[V]. s hall be identified by m
meas
easured/initiating
ured/initiating

(5) “User’s choice” letters [C], [D], [ M], [N], and [O] that cover unlisted repetitive meanings that
can have one meaning as a measured or initiating variable and another as a succeeding
letter
letter shall be defined only once. For
F or example,
example, [N] can be defined as “modulus of elasticity”
as a measured/initiating variable or “oscilloscope” as a readout
readout/pass
/passive
ive function.

(6) Meas
Measured/initiating
ured/initiating variable multivariable
multivariable [U] identifies an instrument or loop that requires
multiple points of measurement or other inputs to generate single or multiple outputs, such
as a controller that uses multiple pressure and temperature measurements to regulate the
switching
switching of multiple on-off valves.

(7) Meas
Measured/initiating
ured/initiating variable vibration or mechanical analysis
analysi s [V] is intended to perform the
function in machinery monitoring that measured/initiating variable analysis [A] performs in
process monitoring, and except for vibration, it is expected that the variable of interest will
be defined outside the tagging bubble.

(8) F irst lett

letter
er [X] default use is for on/off, for example
example on/off valve [XV]. Alternately
Alternately,, first
first letter
letter
or succeeding letter for unclassified devices or functions [X] for nonrepetitive meanings
that are used only once or to a limited extent can have any number of meanings that shall
be defined outside the tagging
tagging bubble or by a note in the document.
document. For
F or example, [XR -2]
can be a stress recorder, and [XX-4] can be a stress oscilloscope.

(9) Measured/initiating
Measured/initiating variable event,
event, state, or presence [Y] is intended
intended for use when control
or monitoring responses are not driven by time or time schedule — but are driven by events,
presence, or state.

(10) Measured/initiat
Measured/initiating
ing variable and variable modifier combinati
combinations
ons shall be selected according
to how the property being measured is modified or changed.

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(11) Variable
Vari able m
modifier
odifier time
time or time
time schedule
sc hedule [K] in combination with a measure
measured/initiating
d/initiating
variable signifies a time rate of change of the measured or initiating variable; [WK]
represents
represent s a rate-of-weight
rate-of-weight-change
-change loop.

(12) Variable
Vari able m
modifier
odifier safety [S] is technically
technicall y not a measured variable but is used to identify
self-actuated emergency protective primary and final control elements only when used in
conjunction with
with measured/initiating
measured/initiating variables flow [F], pressure [P
[P],
], or temperatu
temperaturere [T].
And because of the critical nature of such devices, [FS, PS, and TS] shall be considered
as measured/initiating
easured/initiating variables in all loop identification number
number construct
c onstruction
ion scheme
s chemes:
s:
(a) F low safety valve [FS V] applies to valves int
intended
ended to protect against an emergency
emergency
excess flow or loss of flow condition. Pressure safety valve [PSV] and temperature
safety valve [TSV] apply to valves intended to protect against emergency pressure
and temperature conditions. This applies regardless of whether the valve
construction or mode of operation places it in the category of safety valve, relief
valve, or safety relief valve.

(b) A self-actuat
self-actuated
ed pressure v
valve
alve that preven
preventsts operation of a fluid system at a higher-
than-desired pressure by bleeding fluid from the system is a backpressure control
valve [PCV], even if the valve is not intended to be used normally. However, this
valve is designat
desi gnated
ed a pres
pressure
sure safety
s afety v
valve
alve [PS
[P S V] if it protects against emergency
emergency
conditions hazardous to personnel and/or equipment that are not expected to arise
normally.

(c) P ressure rupture

rupture disc [P
[PSS E ] and fusible link [TSE
[TS E ] apply to all sensors or primary
primary
elements intended to protect against emergency pressure or temperature
conditions .

(d) [S] shall not be used to identify

identify safety instrumented
instrumented systems
systems (SIS
(S IS s) and
components; see (28).

(13) The grammat

grammaticalical form of succeeding
succeedi ng letter meanings shall
shal l be modified as required; for
example, “ indicate” [I] can be read as “ indicator” or “ indicating,” and “ transmit” [T] can be
read as “ transmitter” or “ transmitting.”

(14) Readout/passive funct

function
ion gla
glass
ss,, gau
gauge,
ge, or viewing device [G] should be used instead
instead of
readout/passive function indicate [I] for self-contained instruments or devices that provide
a local-only view of the process variable, such as level gauges, pressure gauges,
temperat
temperature
ure gauges, and flow gauges/si
gauges/sight
ght glasses.
(a) Als
Alsoo used to identify devices that provide an uncalibrated
uncalibra ted view of plant operations,
operations ,
such as television monitors.

(15) Readout/passive funct

function
ion indicat
indicate
e [I]
[I] applies
applies to the analog or digital readout of an actual
measurement or input signal to a standalone instrument or a shared control system’ s video
display unit.

(a) In the
the case of a manual
manual loading station,
station, it should be
be used for the dial or setting
setting
indication of the output signal being generated, [HIC] or [HIK].

(16) Readout/passive fufunction

nction scan [J
[J ] when used shall indicate
indicate a noncontinuous
noncontinuous periodic
reading of two or more measured/initiating variables of the same or different kinds, such
as multipoint temperature and pressure recorders.

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(17) R eadout/passi
eadout/pas sive
ve function light [L] identifies devices or functions that
that are intended to
indicate normal operating status, such as motor on-off or actuator position, and is not
intended for alarm indication.

(18) R eadout/passi
eadout/pas sive
ve function record [R[R ] applies to any permanent or semi-permanent
semi- permanent
electronic or paper media storage of information or dat
data
a in an easily retrievable form.

(19) R eadout/passi
eadout/pas sive
ve and output/active function multifunction
multifunction [U] is used to:

(a) identify control loops tthat

hat have more than the usual indicate/record
indicate/rec ord and control
functions;
functions; and

(b) save space on drawin

drawings
gs by not showing tangent
tangent bubbles for each function.
function.

A note describing the multiple functions should be on the drawing if needed for clarity.

(20) R eadout/passi
eadout/pas sive
ve function accessory
acces sory [X] is intended to identify hardware and devices that
do not measur
measure e or control but are required for the proper operation of instrumentation.

(21) There
The re are differenc
differences
es in meaning to be considered
cons idered when selecting
se lecting between output/active
functions for control [C], switch [S], valve, damper, or louver [V], and auxiliary device [Y].

(a) C ontrol [C] means an automat

automatic
ic device or function that receives an input si
signal
gnal
representing a measured/initiating variable and generates a variable output signal
that is used
us ed to modulate
modulate or switch
s witch a valve [V] or auxiliary device [Y]
[Y ] at a
predeterm
predet ermined
ined setpoint for ordinary process control.

(b) S witch
witch [S] mea
means
ns a device or function that connects, disconnects, or transfers
transfers one
or more air, electronic, electric, or hydraulic signals,
s ignals, that can be manually act
actuated
uated
or automatically actuated directly by a measured or initiating variable, or indirectly
by a measured or initiating variable transmitter.

(c) Valve, dam

damper,
per, or louver [V] means a device that modulates, switches,
switches , or turns
on/off a process fluid stream after receiving an output signal generated by a
controller [C
[C ], switch [S
[S ], or auxiliary device
device [Y].
[Y ].

(d) Auxili
Auxiliary
ary device [Y]
[Y ] means an automat
automatic
ic device or function actuated by a controller
[C], transmitter [T], or switch [S] signal that connects, disconnects, transfers,
computes,
computes, and/or converts
converts air, electronic, electric, or hydraulic signals or circuits.
(e) The succeeding letters
letters CV shall not be used for anything
anything other than
than a self-actua
self-ac tuated
ted
control valve.

(22) Output
Output/active
/active function control station [K] shall b
be
e used for:

(a) designating
designating an operator-accessible
operator-access ible control station used with
with an automatic
automatic controller
that does not have an integral operator-accessible auto-manual and/or control
mode switch; or

(b) split architecture

architecture or fieldbus control devices where the controller functions
functions are
are
located remotely from the control station.

(23) Output/active function auxiliary devices and functions [Y

[Y ] include, but are not limited to,
solenoid valves, relays,
relays , and computing
computing and converting
converting devices and functions.
functions .

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(24) Output/active function auxiliary

auxiliary devices [[Y
Y ] for signal computing
computing and converting when
shown in a diagram or drawing shall be defined outside their bubbles with an appropriate
symbol from Table 16 – Signal Processing Function Blocks and when written in text shall
include a description of the mathematical operation from Table 16.

(25) F unction modifiers

modifiers high [H], low [L
[L ], and middle or intermediate
intermediate [M] when applied to
positions of valves and other open-close devices, are defined as follows:

(a) high [H], the valve is in or approaching the fully open position; open [O] can be used
as an alternative;

(b) low [L], the valve is in or approaching the fully closed position; closed
clos ed [C] can be
used as an alternat
alternative;
ive; and

(c) middle or intermediate [M], the valve is traveling or located in between the fully
open or closed position.

(26) F unction modifier deviation [D] when combined with readout/passive

readout/pas sive function [A] (alarm)
or output/active function [S] (switch) indicates a measured variable has deviated from a
controller or other setpoint more than a predetermined amount.

(a) F unction
unction modifiers
modifiers hi
high
gh [H] or low [L] shall be added if only a positive or negative
negative
deviation, respectively
deviation, respectively,, is of import
importance.
ance.

(27) F unction modifiers

modifiers high [H],
[H], low [L], and middle or intermediate
intermediate [M] when applied to to alarms
correspond to values of the measured variable,
variable, no
nott to values of the alarm-actuat
alarm- actuating
ing signal,
unless otherwise noted.

(a) A high-level alarm derived from a reverse-acting level transmit

transmitter
ter signal is an
an LA
LAH,
H,
even though the alarm is actuated when the
the signal falls
fa lls to a low value.

(b) T he term
terms
s sha
shall
ll be used in combination as appropriate to indicate multiple levels of
actuation from the same measurement, for example high [H] and high-high [HH],
low [L] and low-low [LL], or high-low [HL].

NOTE “HL” is used for an alarm having two setpoints (limits). For example, FAHL is one alarm indicating the
flow is outside a normal
normal operating range,
range, either high or low, while
while F AH and F AL are two separate alarms
alarms , each
having its own setpoint.

(28) Variable
Vari able m
modifier
odifier [Z] is technically not a meas
easured
ured variable but is used to
to identify
identify the
componen
com ponents
ts of SIS
S ISs.
s.

(a) [Z] shall

shal l not be used to identify the safety devices noted in (1
(12).
2).

5 Graphic symbols

5.1 General
5.1.1 The graphic symbols
symbols shown in the tables are
are generally d
drawn
rawn full size for use
use in full-size
full-siz e
sketches or drawings. Actual symbol full-size dimensions are provided in Clause 6.

5.1.2 The device andand function

function symbols
symbols shown in Table 2 are based on the
the 7/16-inch
7/16-inch or 11-mm
11-mm
circle format. Refer to 6.1.

5.1.3 When selecting

selecting symbol
symbol sizing, considerat
consi deration
ion shall be given to the
the size and readability
readability of
symbols and text if the drawing will be used in a reduced-size format.

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5.1.4 All symbols shall maintain

maintain the size ratios shown in the
the tables
tables when reduced or increased
in size.

5.1.5 Illustrations in these

these tables
tables can include representation
representation of relative
relative process piping or
equipment in addition to the symbol being defined. This r epresentation is shown in grey (“ghosted”)
to communicate that it is not part of the symbol but illustrates how the symbol is applied in context
in diagrams.
diagrams.

5.1.6 Illustrations
mounted Ill ustrations
inside of a in these
tank, tables
vessel can include
or other representation
mechanical equipmentofbyinstrumentation
instrumentat ion or components
the use of dashed rather than
solid lines.

5.1.7 S ymbols
ymbols are shown in this document as they would be oriented in a diagram having flow
from left to right. For instances where flow is other than left to right, the symbols that have a
process flow directional aspect, e.g., flow measurement instrumentation and self-contained
regulators, should be rotated appropriately.

5.2 Tables to be used for common applications

5.2.1 Instrum
Ins trumentation
entation and control diagrams shal
shalll be cons
constructed
tructed from the symbols shown in:

a) Tables 2 and 3 – Instrum

I nstrumenta
entation
tion devices and functions
functions;;
b) Tables 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 – Measurement elements and transmitters;

c) Tables 9 and 10 – Lines, instrument to process or instrument to instrument;

d) Tables 11, 12, 13, and 14 – Final control elements; and
e) Table 16 – Signal processing function blocks.
5.2.2 F unctional diagrams
diagrams shall be constructed from the symbols
symbols shown in:

a) Table 2 – Instrument device and function symbols;

b) Table 10 – Line symbols;
c) Table 15 – Functional diagramming symbols;
d) Table 16 – Signal processing function block symbols;
e) Table 17 – Binary logic symbols; and

f) F or special symbols,
symbols, reference
reference IS A-
A-TR
TR 5.1.01/IS
5.1.01/ISA-T
A-T R77.40.01,
R77.40.01, Functional Diagram
Usage.

5.2.3 Binary logic

logic diagrams
diagrams shall be constructed from the symbols
symbols shown in
in::

a) Table 2 – Instrum
I nstrumenta
entation
tion devices and functions
functions;;
b) Table 10 – Line symbol; and
c) Table 17 – Binary logic symbols.
5.2.4 E lectrical schemat
schematics
ics shall be constructed from the symbols
symbols shown in:

a) Table 2 – Instrum
I nstrumenta
entation
tion devices and functions
functions;; and
b) Table 18 – Electrical schematic symbols.

5.2.5 Instrum
Ins trument
ent loop diagrams
diagrams shall be cons
constructed
tructed from the symbols shown
s hown in:

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a) Tables 2 and 3 – Instrum

I nstrumenta
entation
tion devices and functions
functions;;
b) Tables 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 – Measurement elements and transmitters;
c) Tables 9 and 10 – Lines, instrument to process or instrument to instrument;
d) Tables 11, 12, 13, and 14 – Final control elements; and
e) Table 19 – Instrument loop diagrams.
5.2.6 S ymbols
ymbols can be developed
developed to
to show devices
devices and functions
functions not covered by
by this
this standard or
to simplify the depiction of frequently used instrumentation. Such uses shall be fully detailed by
sketches or notes on the drawing legend and detail sheets.

5.2.7 If new or revised symbols are developed,

developed, they
they should be submitted
submitted to standards@
standards@[Link]
[Link]
for consideration in the next revision of this standard.

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5.3 Instrumentation device and function symbols

5.3.1 This subclause
s ubclause provides
provides symbols
symbols for instrumen
instrumentat
tation
ion devices
devices and functions
functions in tabular
tabular form
with accompanying notes.

Table 2 – Instrumentation device and function symbols

NOTE Numbers in parentheses refer to explanatory notes in 5.3.2.

Shared display,
Shared control (1)
High level
Basic control
Safety systems
No. process Standalone Location and accessibility (6)
instrumented and
control
system application (5)
system
or software
or
alternate
primary (4)
choice
choice
(3)
(2)

1 • Located in field.
• Not panel, cabinet, or console mount
mounted.
ed.
• Visible
Vis ible at field location.
• Normally operator access ible.

• Located in or on front of cen

central
tral or main panel
2 or console.
• Visible
Vis ible on front of panel or on video display.
• Normally operator access ible at panel front or
console.

• Located in rear of central or main panel.

3
• Located in cabinet behind the panel.
• Not visible on front of panel or on video display.
• Not norm
normally
ally operator access ible at panel or
console.

• Located in or on front of secondary or local

4 panel or console.
• Visible
Vis ible on front of panel or on video display.
• Normally operator access ible at panel front or
console.

• Located in rear of secondary or local panel.

panel.
5
• Located in field cabinet.
• Not visible on front of panel or on video display.
• Not norm
normally
ally operator access ible at panel or
console.

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Table 3 – Instrumentation device or function symbols, miscellaneous

NOTE Numbers in parentheses refer to explanatory notes in 5.3.2.

No Symbol Description

• Signal
Si gnal processi
processing
ng funct
function:
ion:
1 • Locate in uupper
pper right
right or left quadrant
quadrant of Table 2 symb
symbols
ols
just outside
outside tthe
he symbol.
symbol.
• Attach to Table 2 symbols where affected signals are
connected.
• Insert signal processing
processi ng symb
symbol
ol from Table 16.
• E xpand symbol
symbol by 50% increment
increments
s for larger function
function
symbols.

• P anel-mounted
anel-mounted patchboard
patchboard plug-in point.
2 C • Cons
Console
ole matrix
matrix point.
12 • C-
C-12
12 equals patchboard
patchboard column and row, respectively, as
an example.

(7) (8) • Generic interlock logic function.

function.
3 • Undefined interlock logic function.
function.
I
• If a num
number
ber is added, e.g., I-9,
I- 9, inside or im
immed
mediately
iately
outside of the diamond
diamond,, iitt refers to a s eparate documented
documented
description of the interlock function.

(7) (8) • “ AND ” interlock logic function.

4
AND

(7) (8) • “ OR ” interlock logic function.

5
OR

a) a) S tandalone instrum
instruments
ents
6 • Instrum
Instruments
ents or fu
functions
nctions sharing a com
common
mon housing.
• It is not man
mandatory
datory to show a comm
common on housing.
housing.
• Notes shall be used to identify instruments
instruments in common
common
housings not using this symbol.

b) b) Shared display, shared control

• F unctions
unctions wit
within
hin the same shared ddisplay,
isplay, shared control
system
system (BPC S or SI S).
• Us
Usee applicable symbols
symbols from
from Table 2 “ Shared display,
shared control” columns.
• This is an alternate to showing separate, un
unattached
attached
symbols, perhaps to reduce signal line clutter on a drawing.
• Should not be used
used where the signal flow to/from symbols
can become unclear.
a) and b)
• Horizontal orient
orientations
ations of two symb
symbols
ols are shown.
Orientation can be vertical, and more than
than two adjoining
symbols can be used as needed.

• P ilot light.
light.
7 • Circle
Ci rcle shall be replaced with
with any symbol from the
standalone column in Table 2 if location and accessibility

need to be shown.

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Table 3 – Instrumentation device or function symbols, miscellaneous

NOTE Numbers in parentheses refer to explanatory notes in 5.3.2.

No Symbol Description
• Us
User
er can choose to also indicate color of light adjacent to
the bubble.
(9) • Remote setpoint (SP ) to a stand
standalone
alone controller
controller (a) or a
8 shared display, shared control controller (b).
a)
• “SP” to be located wherever the corresponding signal
SP connects with the bubble.
bubble.

b)

SP

• Alarm, hardware-based, implement

implemented
ed in a standalone
9 device or function.
_A_

(9) • Shared d display,

isplay, shared control alarms can be shown:
a) Individually, or
10 a)
_A_ b) Applicable alarm levels shown as notations outside the
symbol for the associated
associ ated function
function (e.g. indicator,
controller). (Four alarm levels are shown in the example.)
b)
HH
H • Typical alarm abbreviations are:
L HH – high high DH – deviation from setpoint high
LL H – high DL – deviation from setpoint low
L – low D – deviation from setpoint, either direction
LL – low low

(9) • Notes regarding a standalone

standalone instru
instrument
ment (a) or a shared
11 display, shared control function (b) are typically placed in
a) the lower right quadrant surrounding the applicable bubble.
bubble.
• Depending on tthe
he av
available
ailable space on the
the drawing,
drawing, the
the note
note

can be moved
however, to another
locations location
with other surrounding
designated the should
purpose bubble,be
Note
avoided.
b) • A note can provide
provide information
information about
about the corresponding
hardware or the function performed.
performed. F or example, a bubble
bubble
representing a switch could have notes such as “Start ,”
“Stop ,” “H -O- A” (Ha nd -Off-Aut o), “FW D” (Fo rwa rd ), “RE V”
(Reverse), “JOG .”
Note

5.3.2 Notes for T ables 2 and 3 – Instrumentation device and function symbols:

The follow
following
ing notes,
notes, indica
indicate
ted
d in Tabl
T ables
es 2 and
and 3 by paren
parenth
theses,
eses, are to be used as an aid in
understanding the entries
understanding entries in those tables.

(1) Devices and function

functions
s that are represented by these bubble symbols
symbols are:

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(a) used in shared display, shared control, configurable, microprocessor-

icroprocess or-based,
based, and
data-linked instrumentation where the functions are accessible by the operator via
a shared display or monitor; and

(b) configure
configuredd in control system
sys tems
s that include, but are not limited to, distributed control
systems (DCSs), programmable logic controllers (PLCs), personal computers
(PCs), and intelligent transmitters and valve positioners.

(2) The user shall select and docum

document
ent one of the following for use of these
these symbols:
symbols:

(a) basic proce

process
ss control
control system (BP C S); or

(b) prim
primary
ary shared-display, shared-control
shared-co ntrol system.
system.

(3) The user shall select and docum

document
ent one of the following for use of these
these symbols:
symbols:

(a) SI
SIS;
S; or

(b) altern
alternate
ate shared-display, shared-control system.
system.

(4) Devices and funct

functions
ions represented by these bubble symbols
symbols ar
are
e configured in higher level
control systems (HLCS), not part of the BPCS.

(5) S tandalone
tandalone devices or functions
functions that are hardware-bas
hardware-baseded and are either
either standalone or are
connected to other instruments, devices, or systems that include, but are not limited to,
transmitters, switches, relays, controllers, and control valves.

(6) Acc
Access
essibility
ibility includes viewing, setpoint adjustm
adjus tment,
ent, operating mode changing, and any
other operator actions required
re quired to operate the
the instrumentat
instrumentation.
ion.

(7) F unctions
unctions represented by these symbols
symbols are used for simple interlock logic.

(a) A description
description of the logic should be shown nearby or in the notes section of the
drawing
drawing or sket
s ketch
ch if the intended
intended logic is not clearly understandable.
understandable.

(b) Thes
Thesee symb
symbols
ols are not recommended
recommended for depicting
depicting complex
complex DCS
DC S , P LC , or S IS
applications that require other than “ AND” and “ OR ” signal gates.

(8) A logic number, letter, or number/letter

number/letter combination identification shall
shal l be used if more
than one logic scheme is used on the project by:

(a) replaci
replacing
ng [I], [A], and [O] with the logic identification; or

(b) appending the logic identification outside the symbol.

(9) E xamples
xamples shown are for shared display, shared control BP CS /primary
/primary choice. This is also
applicable to SIS/alternate choice from Table 2.

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5.4 Measurement symbols

5.4.1 This subclause
s ubclause provides symbols
symbols for mea
measuremen
surements
ts in tabular
tabular form with
with accompanying
accompanying
notes.

Table 4 – Measurement symbols: Primary elements and transmitters

NOTE Numbers in parentheses refer to explanatory notes in 5.4.2.

No Symbol Description
Descripti on
(1a) (2) • Generic pr
primary
imary element
element,, bubble format
format..
1
• Notation (*
(*)) from Table 5 should be used to identify m
measurement
easurement typ
type.
e.
?E • Connect to process or other instruments
instruments by symbols
symbols from Tables 9 and 10.
• Insert in or on process flow line, vessel, or equipment.
equipment.
(*)
• ? = Applicable first letter from Table 1.

(1a) (2) (3) • Transmitter

Tra nsmitter with integral prim
primary
ary element, bubble format.
2
• Notation (*
(*)) from Table 5 should be used to identify m
measurement
easurement typ
type.
e.
?T
• Connect to process or other instruments
instruments by symbols
symbols from Tables 9 and 10.
(*) • Insert in or on process flow line, vessel, or equipment.
equipment.
• ? = Applicable first letter from Table 1.

(1a) (2) (3) • Transmitter with close coupled pr

primary
imary element,
element, bubble
bubble format
format..
3 ?T • Notation (*
(*)) from Table 5 should be used to identify m
measurement
easurement typ
type.
e.
• Connecting line shall be equ
equal
al to or less than
than 0.25 inches (6 millim
millimeters).
eters).
• Connect to process or other instruments
instruments by symbols
symbols from Tables 9 and 10.

?E • Insert elem
element
ent in or on process flow line, vessel,
vessel , or equipment.
equipment.
• ? = Applicable first letter from Table 1.
(*)
(1a) (2) (3) • Transmitter
Tra nsmitter with remote primary element, bubble format.
4 ?T
• Notation (*
(*)) from Table 5 should be used to identify m
measurement
easurement typ
type.
e.
• Connecting line shall be equ
equal
al to or greater
greater than
than 0.5 inches
?E (12 millimeters).
millimeters).
(*) • Connect to process or other instruments
instruments by symbols
symbols from Tables 9 and 10.
• Insert elem
element
ent in or on process flow line, vessel,
vessel , or equipment.
equipment.
• ? = Applicable first letter from Table 1.

(1b) (2) (3) • Transmitter with integral p

primary
rimary element inserted in or on process flow
5 line, vess el, or equipm
equipment,
ent, bubble/graph
bubble/graphic
ic format.
?T
• Insert
Ins ert primary element symbol from Ta
Table
ble 6 in place of the square
squar e and #.
• Connect tto
o ot
other
her instrum
instruments
ents by symbols
symbols from Table 10.
# • ? = Applicable first letter from Table 1.

(1b) (2) (3) • Transmitter with close

close-coupled
-coupled prim
primary
ary element
element inserted in or on process
6 ?T flow line, vessel, or equipmen
equipment,
t, bubble/graphic
bubble/graphic format.
• Insert
Ins ert primary element symbol from Ta
Table
ble 6 in place of the square
squar e and #.
• Connecting line shall be equal to or less than
than 0.25
0.25 inches
inches (6 millimeters).
millimeters).
# • Connect tto
o ot
other
her instrum
instruments
ents by symbols
symbols from Table 10.
• ? = Applicable first letter from Table 1.

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Table 4 – Measurement symbols: Primary elements and transmitters

NOTE Numbers in parentheses refer to explanatory notes in 5.4.2.

No Symbol Description
Descripti on
(1b) (2) (3) • Transmitter with remot
remotee prim
primary
ary element
element inserted in or on process
process flow line,
7 ?T vessel, or equipmen
equipment,
t, bubble/graphic format
format..

• Insert
Ins ert primary element symbol from Ta
Table
ble 6 in place of the square
squar e and #.
• Connecting line can be any signal line from Table 10.
#
• Connecting line shall be equ
equal
al to or greater
greater than
than 0.5 inches
(12 millimeters).
millimeters).
• Connect tto
o ot
other
her instrum
instruments
ents by symbols
symbols from Table 10.
• ? = Applicable first letter from Table 1.

Table 5 – Measurement symbols: Measurement notations

NOTE Numbers in parentheses refer to explanatory notes in 5.4.2

Analysis
AIR = Excess air GC = Gas chromatograph MS = Mass spectrometer RI = Refractive index
CO = Carbon monoxide H2O = Water NIR = Near infrared TC = Thermal conductivity
CO2 = Carbon dioxide H2S = Hydrogen sulfide O2 = Oxygen TDL = Tunable diode laser
spectrometer
COL = Color HUM = Humidity OP = Opacity UV = Ultraviolet
COMB = Combustibles IR = Infrared ORP = Oxidation reduction VIS = Visible light
COND = Elec. conductivity LC = Liquid chromatograph pH = Hydrogen ion VISC = Viscosity
DEN = Density MOIST = Moisture REF = Refractometer
Flow
CFR = Constant flow regulator MAG = Magnetic OP-VC = Vena contracta taps TTS = Transit time sonic
CONE = Cone OP = Orifice plate PD = Positive displacement TUR = Turbine
COR = Coriolis OP-CT = Corner taps PT = Pitot tube US = Ultrasonic
DOP = Doppler OP-CQ = Circle quadrant PV = Pitot venturi VENT = Venturi tube
DSON = Doppler sonic OP-E = Eccentric SNR = Sonar VOR = Vortex shedding
FLN = Flow nozzle OP-FT = Flange taps SON = Sonic WDG = Wedge
FLT = Flow tube OP-MH = Multi-hole TAR = Target
LAM = Laminar OP-P = Pipe taps THER = Thermal
Level
CAP = Capacitance GWR = Guided wave radar NUC = Nuclear US = Ultrasonic
d/p = Differential pressure LSR = Laser RAD = Radar
DI = Dielectric constant MAG = Magnetic RES = Resistance
DP = Differential pressure MS = Magnetostrictive SON = Sonic
Pressure
ABS = Absolute DRF = Draft P-V = Pressure-vacuum VAC = Vacuum
AVG = Average MAN = Manometer SG = Strain gauge
Tem er
erat
atu
ure
BM = Bi-metallic RTD = Resistance temp detector TCK = Thermocouple type K TRAN = Transistor
IR = Infrared TC = Thermocouple TCT = Thermocouple type T
RAD = Radiation TCE = Thermocouple type E THRM = Thermistor
RP = Radiation pyrometer TCJ = Thermocouple type J TMP = Thermopile
Miscellaneous
Burner, Co
Comb
mbustion
ustion P osition Quantity S peed
FR = Flame rod/flame ionization CAP = Capacitance PE = Photoelectric ACC = Acceleration
IGN = Igniter EC = Eddy current TOG = Toggle EC = Eddy current
IR = Infrared IND = Inductive PROX = Proximity
TV = Television LAS = Laser Radiation VEL = Velocity
UV = Ultraviolet MAG = Magnetic α = Alpha radiation Weight,, F orce
Weight
MECH = Mechanical β = Beta radiation LC = Load cell
OPT = Optical γ = Gamma radiation SG = Strain gauge
RAD = Radar n = Neutron radiation WS = Weigh scale

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Table 6 – Measurement symbols: Primary elements

NOTE Numbers in parentheses refer to explanatory notes in 5.4.2.

No Symbol Description
Descripti on
s
i
s • Co
Conduct
nductivity,
ivity, moistu
moisture,
re, etc.
y
l
a 1
• S ingle element sensing probe.
A
n
s
i
s • pH, ORP , et
etc.
c.
y
l
a 2
n
• Dual element sensing probe.
A
s
i
s FO • Fiber opt
optic
ic (FO ) sensing probe.
probe.
y
l
a 3
n
A

* • Ultraviolet (UV
(UV)) flame detector.
detector.
r 4
e • Tele
Television
vision (TV)
(TV ) flame monitor.
monitor.
n
r
u • Infrared (IR ) flame detect
detector.
or.
B
• Re
Replace
place * with applicable ttwo-l
wo-letter
etter typ
type
e abbreviation.
abbreviation.

r
e • F lame rod flame detector
detector..
n
r 5
u
B

w • Generic orifice plate.

o
l 6
F • Restriction orifice.

w • Orifice plate in quick-change fitting.

fitting.
o
l 7
F

w • Co
Concentric
ncentric circle orifice plate.
o
l 8
F • Restriction orifice.

w • E ccentric circle orifice plate.

o
l 9
F

o
lw 10 • Circle
Ci rcle quadrant orifice plate.
F

w • Multi-hole orifice plate.

o
l 11
F

w • Generic flow (ventu

(venturi
ri ttube,
ube, flow nozzle,
nozzle , or flow tube).
o
l 12
F (*) • Notation from Table 5 required at (*
(*)) if u
used
sed for m
more
ore than
than one type.

w • Venturi tube.
o
l 13
F

w • Flow nozzle.
o
l 14
F

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Table 6 – Measurement symbols: Primary elements

NOTE Numbers in parentheses refer to explanatory notes in 5.4.2.

No Symbol Description
Descripti on

w • F low tube.
o
l 15
F

w • Integral orifice plate.

o
l 16
F

w • S tand
tandard
ard pitot tube.
o
l 17
F

w • Averaging pitot tube.

o
l 18
F • One or two axis. Optional to add “ 2 axis” note to symbol if applicable.

• Turbine flowm
flowmeter.
eter.
w 19
o
• P ropeller flowmet
flowmeter.
er.
l
F • Us
User
er can add a note next
next to the
the symbol
symbol tto
o indicate an insertion or
probe flowmeter.

(3) • Vortex shedding flowmet

flowmeter.
er.
w 20 a)
o
l
b) • Us
User
er can add a note next
next to the
the symbol
symbol tto
o indicate an insertion or
F
probe flowmeter.

w • Target flowmeter.
flowmeter.
o
l 21
F

(3) • Magnetic flowm

flowmeter.
eter.
w
o
l 22 a) M b)
F

(3) • Thermal mass flowmeter.

flowmeter.
w
o
l
F
23 a) ΔT b)

(3)
24 • P ositive displacement flowm
flowmeter,
eter, including oval gear, progressive
cavity, nutating disc, rotary lobes, etc.
w a) b)
o
l
F • S ym
ymbols
bols shown are alternates
alternates but a) is preferred to avoid confusion
confusion
with symbol 19.

w • Co
Cone
ne meter.
meter.
o
l 25
F • Annular orifice meter.
meter.

w • Wedge meter.
meter.
o
l 26
F

w • Co
Coriolis
riolis flowmet
flowmeter.
er.
o
l 27
F

• S onic flowmeter.
flowmeter.
o
lw 28
F • Ultrasonic flowmet
flowmeter.
er.

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Table 6 – Measurement symbols: Primary elements

NOTE Numbers in parentheses refer to explanatory notes in 5.4.2.

No Symbol Description
Descripti on

(3) • Variable area flowmeter

flowmeter (rotameter).
(rotameter).
29
• S ym
ymbol
bol a) is preferred
preferred for instrum
instrumentat
entation
ion and control diagrams.

w a)
o
l
F

b)

w • Open channel weir plate.

o
l 30
F

w • Open channel flum

flume.
e.
o
l 31
F

• Displacer internally mounted

mounted in vessel.
vessel .
l 32
e • Dashed line represents mou
mounted
nted inside vessel.
v
e
L

• Ball float internally moun

mounted
ted in vessel.
l 33
e • Ca
Cann be shown installed through
through top of vessel.
v
e
L • Dashed line represents mou
mounted
nted inside vessel.

• Nuclear radiation, including source (square on left) and detector

l 34 (rectangle on right), multipoint or continuous.
e
v
e • S ize of source and detector symbols
symbols should be
be proportional
proportional to size
siz e of
L
respective tank/vessel on the drawing.

• Dip ttube
ube or other primary
primary element and stilling well.
l 35
e • Ca
Cann be shown installed through side of vessel.
v
e
L • Ca
Cann be shown installed without
without stilling well.
• Dashed line represents mou
mounted
nted inside vessel.

• F loat with guide wires.

36
l • Location of readout should be noted, at grad
grade,
e, at top, or accessible
e
v from a ladder.
e
L • Guide wires can be omitted.
omitted.
• Dashed line represents mou
mounted
nted inside vessel.

• Generic insertion (vertical or horizontal) probe.

37
l • Ca
Cann be used for capacitance, indu
inductance,
ctance, or any other level
e measurement not h
measurement having
aving a specifi
specificc symbol elsewhere in this table.
v
e
L • Us
User
er can add n
notes
otes to
to drawing
drawing to
to commu
communicate
nicate typ
type
e or specifics .
• Dashed line represents mou
mounted
nted inside vessel.

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Table 6 – Measurement symbols: Primary elements

NOTE Numbers in parentheses refer to explanatory notes in 5.4.2.

No Symbol Description
Descripti on

• Radar – free space.

l 38
e
e
v
L

• Radar – guided wave.

l 39
e • Dashed line represents mounted
mounted inside vessel
vessel..
v
e
L

PE
• S train gauge or other electronic typ
type
e sensor.
e 40
r • Notation (*
(*)) from Table 5 should b
be
e used tto
o ident
identify
ify type
type of elemen
element.
t.
u
s (*) • Co
Connection
nnection symbols 6, 7, 8, or 9 in Table 9 are u
used
sed if connection
connection type
type
s
e
r is to be shown.
P
• Bubble can be omitted if connected
connec ted to another instrument.

e • Generic element without thermowell.

thermowell.
u
tr 41 TE • Notation (*
(*)) should be used
used to identify typ
type
e of element; see Table 5.
a
r
e (*) • Co
Connection
nnection symbols 6, 7, 8, or 9 in Table 9 are u
used
sed if connection
connection type
type
p
m is to be shown.
e
T • Bubble can be omitted if connected
connec ted to another instrument.

Table 7 – Measurement symbols: Secondary instruments

NOTE Numbers in parentheses refer to explanatory notes in 5.4.2.

No Symbol Description
Descripti on

• Sight glass.
w 1 FG
lo
F

FO • Generic flow restriction.

2
w • S ingle stage orifice plate as shown.
lo • Note req
required
uired for mu
multistage
ltistage or capillary tub
tube
e types.
F

• Re
Restriction
striction orifice hole drilled in valve plug or ot
other
her closure
3 FO components.
w
lo • Tag num
number
ber shall be omit
omitted
ted if valve is otherwise
otherwise identified.
F

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Table 7 – Measurement symbols: Secondary instruments

NOTE Numbers in parentheses refer to explanatory notes in 5.4.2.

No Symbol Description
Descripti on

• Gauge integrally mou

mounted
nted on vessel.
vessel .
l 4 LG
e • Sight glass.
v
e
L

• Gauge g
glass
lass externally mounted
mounted on vessel or standpipe.
l 5
e LG • Multiple gaug
gauges
es can be shown as on
one
e bubble
bubble or one bu
bubble
bble for each
v section.
e
L
• Us
Usee process connection
connection 6, 7, 8, or 9 in Table 9 if connection type is to
be shown. (None shown in this example)

e • P ressure gaug
gauge.
e.
r 6 PG
u • Us
Usee process connection
connection 6, 7, 8, or 9 in Table 9 if connection type is to
s
s be shown. (None shown in this example)
e
r
P

e
r
u • Thermometer.
tra 7 TG • Us
Usee process connection
connection 6, 7, 8, or 9 in Table 9 if connection type is to
e
p be shown. (None shown in this example)
m
e
T

Table 8 – Measurement symbols: Auxiliary and accessory devices

NOTE Numbers in parentheses refer to explanatory notes in 5.4.2.

No Symbol Description
Descripti on

• S amp
ample
le insert probe, flanged.
is AW
s 1
ly • S amp
ample
le well, flanged.
a
n • Us
Usee connection
connection 7, 8,
8, or 9 in Table 9 if flange is not used.
A

AX • S amp
ample
le conditioner or other analysis accessory, flanged.
flanged.
is
s 2
ly • Re
Represents
presents single or mu
multiple
ltiple devices.
a
n • Us
Usee connection
connection 7, 8,
8, or 9 in Table 9 if flange is not used.
A

FX • F low straightening
straightening vanes.
w 3
• F low conditioning element
element..
lo
F

• Instrumen
Instrumentt purge or flushing fluid.
w 4
• Instrumen
Instrumentt purge or flushing device or devices.
lo P
F • S how asse
assemb
mbly
ly details on drawing legend sheet.

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Table 8 – Measurement symbols: Auxiliary and accessory devices

NOTE Numbers in parentheses refer to explanatory notes in 5.4.2.

No Symbol Description
Descripti on

• Diaphragm pressure seal, flanged

flanged,, tthreaded,
hreaded, socket welded,
welded, or
e 5 welded.
r
u
s • Diaphragm
welded. chemical seal, flanged, threaded, socket welded, or
e
r
P • Us
Usee connection 6, 7, 8, or 9 in Table 9 if connection type is to be
shown.

e • Diaphragm pressure seal, welded.

r 6
u • Diaphragm chemical seal, welded.
s
s
e
r
P

e
r
• Thermowell, flanged.
TW
tu 7
• Tes t well, flanged.
a
r
e • Bubble can be omitted if connected
connec ted to another instrument.
p
m • Us
Usee connection
connection 7, 8,
8, or 9 in Table 9 if flange is not used.
e
T

5.4.2 Notes for T ables 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 – M

Measureme
easurement
nt symbols:
symbols:

The follow
following
ing not
notes,
es, ind
indicat
icated
ed in Tables
Tables 4 tthr
hroug
ough
h8b
by
y paren
parenth
theses,
eses, are
are to
to be used
used as an aid
aid in
understanding
understan ding the entries
entries in those tables.

(1) Measurements
Measurements are depicted by:

(a) bubbles,
bubbles, as shown in Table 1, for:
1) generic primary elements;
2) primary elements that do not have a graphic symbol in T able 6; or
3) users who elect not to use graphic symbols
symbols from T able 6.
(b) graphic symbols
symbols ffrom
rom Table 6. User
Us er can also add bubble with
with measurement
easurement tag.

(2) These symbols

symbols shall be used for process or equipment
equipment measurements
easurements if:
(a) a graphic symbol
symbol does not exist; or

(b) the user does not use graphic symbols.

(3) User
Us er engineering
engineering and design standards, practices, and/or guidelines shall document
document which
choices are selected.

(4) F low direction for flow-related symbols shown in Tables 6, 7, and 8 is from left to right.
right.
Unsymmetrical symbols should be mirrored when showing flow from right to left on a
drawing. When illustrating vertical flow, symbol should be rotated 90 degrees in the
appropriate
appropriat e direction and mirrored if necessary.
necess ary.

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4 - 40 -

5.5 Line symbols

5.5.1 This subclause
subclaus e provides
provides sym
symbols
bols for lines
lines in tabular
tabular form with
with accompany
accompanying
ing notes.
notes.

Table 9 – Line symbols: Instrument to process and equipment connections

NOTE Numbers in parentheses refer to explanatory notes in 5.5.2.

No Symbol Application

• Instrum
Instrument
ent connections to process and equipm
equipment.
ent.
• P rocess impulse
impulse lines.
1
• Analyzer sample lines.

• Heat [cool] traced imp

impulse
ulse or sample line from process.
• Type of tracing indicated by: [ET]
[ET ] electrical, [[S
S T] steam,
steam, [CW
[CW]] chilled
2 (ST) water, etc.

• Generic in
instrum
strument
ent connection to process line.
• Ge
Generic
neric instrument connecti
connection
on to equipment.
3

• Heat [cool] traced generic instrum

instrument
ent impu
impulse
lse line.
• P rocess line or equipmen
equipmentt may or may
may not
not be traced.
traced.
4

• Heat [cool
[cool]] traced instrument.
• Instrum
Ins trument
ent impulse line m
may
ay or may
may not be traced.
5

• F langed instrum
instrument
ent connection to process line.
• F langed instrum
ins trument
ent connec
connection
tion to equipment.
6

• Threaded instrum
instrument
ent connection to process line.
• Thre
Threaded
aded instrument connectio
connectionn to equipment.
7

• Soc
Socket
ket welded instrum
instrument
ent connection to process line.
• Soc
Socket
ket welded instrum
instrument
ent connection to equipment.
equipment.
8

• Welded instrum
instrument
ent connection to process line.
• Welde
Weldedd instrument connec
connection
tion to equipment.
9

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